Presentatie voor de I-ACT conventie 2012 in Chicago

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United States / Europe
Microbiology of the Gut
I-ACT convention June 23, 2012
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Europe The Netherlands
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The Netherlands, Delft
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Topics
• Important information of the intestinal flora
• What does the flora do and where
• Healthy food for your gut flora
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Importance of the intestinal flora
• Colon environment
• Barrier against micro organisms
• Stimulating metabolism and blood flow in the
intestinal mucosa
• Stimulating the peristalsis
• Availability of vitamins
• Influence on the immune system
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Stages of the bacterial colonisation
The bacterial development
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4
• Birth itself is already decisive for the 1st-2nd weeks Commencing Commencing Senior age
development of immunity of life from 3rd week from the start of
of life weaning and up
to senior ages
• The colonisation by the micro-organisms is Take up of Predominantly Various types of Clostridien é
mutually coordinated environmental micro-aerophile strictly anaerobic Lactobacilli é
germs at birth and anaerobic micro Bifido bacteria
acidic flora organismsé
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Bacterial composition of the gut flora
Esophagus
Food bacteria Feces flora
Duodenum 101- 104/ml
Stomach 101- 103/ml
Lactobacilli 101 - 103
Lactobacilli 101 - 103
Enterococci sp. 101 - 103
Enterobacteria 0 - 102
Enterococci sp. 101 - 103
Enterobacteria 0 - 102
• Resident flora
Bacteroides sp. 0 - 10 2
Bacteroides sp. 0 - 102 Is wall attached, native flora
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– Aerobic flora < 1%
Colon 10 - 10 /g faeces
Bifidobacteria 109 – 1011 – Anaerobic flora >99 %
Bacteroides sp. 109 - 1011
Ileum
105- 108/g faeces Enterobacteria 105 – 107 • Transient flora
Enterococci 104 - 105
Bacteroides sp. 104 - 10 7
Lactobacilli 104 - 105 Are unable to remain in the body for extended periods
Lactobacilli 104 - 106
Clostridien sp. 102 – 105
Enterococci sp. 104 - 106
Fusobacteria 103 - 105
– Aerobic flora < 1%
Enterobacteria 104 - 106
Veillonella sp. 103 – Anaerobic flora >99 %
Stafylococci 103
Yeasts 103 • Yeast and parasites
Enterobacteriacae < 104
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Resident intestinal bacteria Transient intestinal bacteria
• Aerobes • Aerobes
– E. coli, Enterococci – Klebsiella sp.
• Micro-aerophiles – Enterobacteria
• Proteus sp, Morganella sp, Citrobacter sp
– Lactobacilli
– Pseudomonas sp.
• Anaerobes
• Anaerobes
– Bifido bacteria
– Clostridia
– Bacteroides spp.
• Bacteroids-Prevotella-Porphyromonas group
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The most important yeasts and fungi
• Yeasts • Fungi
– Candida albicans – Aspergillus fumigatus
– var. stellatoidea – Aspergillus niger
– Candida glabrata – Aspergillus flavus
– Candida guillermondii – Alternaria alternata
– Candida krusei – Mucor species
– Candida parapsilosis – Rhizomucor pusillus
– Candida tropicalis – Cunninghamella elegans
– Trichosporon cutaneum
– Cryptococcus neoformans
– Geotrichum candidum
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How can you influence the intestinal
Prebiotics
flora?
• Prebiotics • Non-digestible food
ingredients that
beneficially affect the host
by selectively stimulating
• Metabiotics the growth and/or activity
of one or a limited number
of bacteria in the colon,
and thus improve host
health.
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Which fibers stimulates which the
Prebiotics
bacteria in the gut
• Fibers • Cellulose – grow of bifidobacteria
– 30 – 40 gram per day
• Soluble fibers are: • Lignins – against parasites
– Beta-glucans, gums, mucilages and pectins.
– Oat products, legumes, apples, bananas, berries, broccoli carrots,
• Arabinogalactans – against transient flora
root vegetables (potatoes and yams – the skin has insoluble fiber)
• Inulin - grow of lactobacilli
• Insoluble fibers are:
– Cellulose and lignin • Beta-glucan – stimulates the immune system
– Whole grains; bran; nuts and seeds; vegetables such as green
beans, cauliflower, zucchini, celery, and skins of some fruits and root
vegetables.
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Soluble fibers Insoluble fibers
• Arabinogalactans are a type of soluble fiber made up of • Cellulose is a substance found in plant cells, surrounding
long, branching chains of sugars. and inside the cell wall. It is an insoluble fiber
– Carrots, radish, black beans, pear, tomato, shiitake and coconut – High in cellulose are cruciferous: Broccoli, Brussels Sprout, Cabbage,
Collard Greens, Kale, Horseradish, Rutabaga, Turnip, Chinese
• Inulin is a carbohydrate belonging to a class of compounds
Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli Rabe, Daikon, Bok Choy, Radish,
known as fructans and is closely related to fructo- Kohlrabi
oligosaccharides (FOS). • Lignins are an integral part of the secondary cell walls of
– Leeks, artichokes, asparagus, onions, garlic, bananas, wheat, rye,
and chicory root
plants and some algae
– Lignins are found in all vegetables. There is more lignin in the plant
• Beta-glucan is a complex carbohydrate made from when harvested at later growth stages.
individual glucose molecules
– Oat, barley, rye, wheat, mushrooms and algae
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Metabiotics Acid – alkaline balance
Metabiotics are the metabolic by-products of • The benefits
probiotics
• The most important of these metabiotics are short-chain
fatty acids • Influence on the gut flora
– Fermented foods such as pickles, saurkraut, kimchi, sourdough
bread, apple cider and miso
– Yoghurt if…!
– Aged cheeses (aged more then 6 months) • Influence in the body
– Kefir and kombucha
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A new balance for your clients Don’t forget
• Prebiotic and metabiotic food • Two years after birth the gut flora is established
– More fibers and fermented food
• It is hard to change the microbiology of the gut
• Acid – alkaline balance
• Encourage your clients to eat healthy
• Colonhydrotherapy
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Thank you
Lisette Timmermans
Delft, The Netherlands
www.lisette–timmermans.nl (in dutch)
www.colonhydrotherapie.nl (in dutch)
info@lisette-timmermans.nl
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