2. What is environmental science? A useful definition is simply …the study of Earth’s various environments including the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. It should emphasize knowledge and awareness of: • major environmental problems in the United States and the world; • factors relating to human interaction with the environment; • human-environmental interaction, global habitability and environmental change, and sustainable human societies.

3. Environmental Science Animal and vegetable life is too complicated a problem for human intelligence to solve, and we can never know how wide a circle of disturbance we produce in the harmonies of nature when we throw the smallest pebble into the ocean of organic life. ~ George Perkins Marsh

5. Diagram makes it clear that environmental science is multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary. That is, “it takes all kinds” of observations and inputs to “do” environmental science. If you really got a hold of anything in the Universe, you find out that it’s hitched to everything else .—John Muir, Founder, Sierra Club

8. Ecosystems 3:07

11. The Great American Hypocrite

13. Increased agricultural production has benefits and costs (trade-offs implied)

14. Pollution comes in many forms—resources out of place

15. Aquatic and marine resources—long-neglected, over-exploited, directly and indirectly* impacted. *remember, water flows downhill—The 1 st Law of Ecology

18. 3. Life “pollutes” CH 3 COOH -->CH 4 +CO 2 CO 2 + H 2 O --> CH 2 O + O 2 CH 2 O + O 2 --> CO 2 + H 2 O

19. This job STINKS!!!

21. 4. Life is versatile

27. Living in an exponential age That was 1999, it’s 6.46 billion now The environmental problems we face – population growth, wasteful use of resources, destruction and degradation of wildlife habitats, extinction of plants and animals, poverty, and pollution – are interconnected and are growing exponentially.

38. Changes in Climate 4:05

40. Malaria

44. “ For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now being subjected to dangerous chemicals from the moment of conception to death.” ~Rachel Carson

45. Including the oft ignored…pathogens! Pathogens can: kill native species - humans spread new diseases and parasites to native species

46. Since our focus will be human health… Direct – STDs Indirect – Touching contaminated surfaces Droplet – Ears, nose or mouth Airborne – Influenza or pneumonia Fecal-oral – Digestive Vector-borne – (Flies, Rats, Mosquitoes) Pathogens invade new hosts in two ways. Most are transported by humans or animals (either on purpose or accidentally), but some make their own way (e.g., blown by a storm). Methods of transmission include: