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What’s new?

Birthe, Javier, Bernard, Siwa, Phil,
      Maarten, Petr, Fergus
Systems thinking resurgent across CG
      or still a niche concept?
 – Systems CRPs that take systems work to sensible
   end points
 – Getting beyond description
 – Getting beyond the farm, to
   livelihoods, landscapes (ecosystem services) and
   value chains
 – Maybe restricted within commodity centres (take
   straw into account as well as grain)
 – Change the way researchers behave
What does systems thinking add to
     participatory approaches?
• Farming systems got stuck in method
  development (lots of characterisation but not
  much ‘action’ – although some examplars e.g.
  CIMMYT East Africa Economics Programme –
  Adaptive Research Planning in Zambia – Tiwari et
  al., increased maize yields in Nepal
• Overtaken by participatory ‘action’ research and
  innovation systems that concentrate more on the
  participation than the systems thinking
• Is a systems resurgence required in the CG with
  new focus, tools and remit?
What’s new?
• Research in (rather than for) development
   – Taking innovations to scale (space and time – livelihood systems are
     dynamic in a development trajectory – Hans Binsanger)
   – Embracing broader range of ecosystem services (scales; trade-offs)
   – Getting beyond silver bullets - what works where and for whom
   – Embracing fine scale variation in drivers of adoption (of technologies
     and approaches) at nested set of scales:
       •   Soil
       •   Climate
       •   Farming practice
       •   Livelihood systems
       •   Social capital
       •   Markets
       •   Policy
The challenge
• Fine grained variation in:
                                      Greater soil biological activity (earthworms) near trees but effect
  – soil (biota)                                   greater for some tree species than others


  – climate (altitude)                                                        Pruned trees

                                                                              Free growing trees



  – farming practices                                                         Earthworm cast weight

                                                                              Sample with no
                                                                              earthworm casts



  – household characteristics                                                                       1.2
                                                                                                              Cross-semivariogram

                                                                                                    1.0


  – market opportunities




                                                                                     Semivariance
                                                                                                    0.8

                                                                                                    0.6
                                                                                                    0.4



  – social capital
                                                                                                    0.2
                                                                                                    0.0
                                                                                                          0         5          10        15
                                                                                                               Separation distance (m)
                           Pauli et al 2010 Pedobiologia

  – policy and its implementation
The challenge
• Fine grained variation in:
  – soil (biota)
  – climate (altitude)
  – farming practices
  – household characteristics
  – market opportunities
  – social capital
  – policy and its implementation
The challenge
• Fine grained variation in:
  – soil (biota)
  – climate (altitude)
  – farming practices
  – household characteristics
  – market opportunities
  – social capital
  – policy and its implementation
The challenge
• Fine grained variation in:
  – soil (biota)
  – climate (altitude)
  – farming practices
  – household characteristics
  – market opportunities
  – social capital
  – policy and its implementation
The challenge
• Fine grained variation in:
  – soil (biota)
  – climate (altitude)
  – farming practices
  – household characteristics
  – market opportunities
  – social capital
  – policy and its implementation
The challenge
• Fine grained variation in:
  – soil (biota)
  – climate (altitude)
  – farming practices
  – household characteristics
  – market opportunities
  – social capital
  – policy and its implementation
The challenge
• Fine grained variation in:
  – soil (biota)
  – climate (altitude)
  – farming practices
  – household characteristics
  – market opportunities
  – social capital
  – policy and its implementation
Addressing the challenge
– Understand variation of drivers of adoption (new tools and data available)
– Try out sufficient range of options across a sufficient range of variation in
  drivers (modelling required to set up rigorous systematic and experimental
  testing),
– Measure performance objectively and through farmer feedback / adaptation,
– Model, generalise and interpret results across scaling domains
– Embrace and address uncertainty – refine ability to predict suitability of
  innovations in co-learning paradigm – progressively reduce risk of innovation
– Tools to connect research, extension and farmers as one system – e.g.
  underpin innovation platforms (but with powerful tools that bring evidence to
  bear on decisions) - need practical tools (and capacity strengthening) to
  match options to sites and circumstances
– Emerging tools:
    • Mobile phones (georeference where people are) John Corvett
    • Net mapping – of power within value chains
    • Agent based modelling and role playing games
Capacity strengthening
• Within CG and partners
• Not enough to have methods that work but need them to be in
  widespread use
• CG not resourced to do this – still a research organisation
• Implications of research in development is a different resourcing
  model and different sets of skills and partnerships
• Skill sets required (which within CG which with partners?):
    – Data managers
    – Social facilitation (sociable, social scientists) - connectors
    – Political ecology - interdisciplinary
• Need to be part of the innovation process to learn about it and
  influence
What systems CRPs need
• Sample (work across) variability rather than
  select few sites from which IPGs are
  generalised
• Collate new charaterisation data for broad
  ‘target areas’– pinpoint gaps – and then fill
  them
• Partnership (co-learning) with upstream
  centres of expertise rather than simply
  subcontracting
Blue sky
• Ten percent
• Seek specific blue sky funding (Leverhulme,
  Australia)
• Hear more about failures
• Learn across CRPs – periodic meetings to
  share experience
• Extension method – message, audience,
  context,

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Workshop Trade-off Analysis - CGIAR_20 Feb 2013_Group Discussion_What's new

  • 1. What’s new? Birthe, Javier, Bernard, Siwa, Phil, Maarten, Petr, Fergus
  • 2. Systems thinking resurgent across CG or still a niche concept? – Systems CRPs that take systems work to sensible end points – Getting beyond description – Getting beyond the farm, to livelihoods, landscapes (ecosystem services) and value chains – Maybe restricted within commodity centres (take straw into account as well as grain) – Change the way researchers behave
  • 3. What does systems thinking add to participatory approaches? • Farming systems got stuck in method development (lots of characterisation but not much ‘action’ – although some examplars e.g. CIMMYT East Africa Economics Programme – Adaptive Research Planning in Zambia – Tiwari et al., increased maize yields in Nepal • Overtaken by participatory ‘action’ research and innovation systems that concentrate more on the participation than the systems thinking • Is a systems resurgence required in the CG with new focus, tools and remit?
  • 4. What’s new? • Research in (rather than for) development – Taking innovations to scale (space and time – livelihood systems are dynamic in a development trajectory – Hans Binsanger) – Embracing broader range of ecosystem services (scales; trade-offs) – Getting beyond silver bullets - what works where and for whom – Embracing fine scale variation in drivers of adoption (of technologies and approaches) at nested set of scales: • Soil • Climate • Farming practice • Livelihood systems • Social capital • Markets • Policy
  • 5. The challenge • Fine grained variation in: Greater soil biological activity (earthworms) near trees but effect – soil (biota) greater for some tree species than others – climate (altitude) Pruned trees Free growing trees – farming practices Earthworm cast weight Sample with no earthworm casts – household characteristics 1.2 Cross-semivariogram 1.0 – market opportunities Semivariance 0.8 0.6 0.4 – social capital 0.2 0.0 0 5 10 15 Separation distance (m) Pauli et al 2010 Pedobiologia – policy and its implementation
  • 6. The challenge • Fine grained variation in: – soil (biota) – climate (altitude) – farming practices – household characteristics – market opportunities – social capital – policy and its implementation
  • 7. The challenge • Fine grained variation in: – soil (biota) – climate (altitude) – farming practices – household characteristics – market opportunities – social capital – policy and its implementation
  • 8. The challenge • Fine grained variation in: – soil (biota) – climate (altitude) – farming practices – household characteristics – market opportunities – social capital – policy and its implementation
  • 9. The challenge • Fine grained variation in: – soil (biota) – climate (altitude) – farming practices – household characteristics – market opportunities – social capital – policy and its implementation
  • 10. The challenge • Fine grained variation in: – soil (biota) – climate (altitude) – farming practices – household characteristics – market opportunities – social capital – policy and its implementation
  • 11. The challenge • Fine grained variation in: – soil (biota) – climate (altitude) – farming practices – household characteristics – market opportunities – social capital – policy and its implementation
  • 12. Addressing the challenge – Understand variation of drivers of adoption (new tools and data available) – Try out sufficient range of options across a sufficient range of variation in drivers (modelling required to set up rigorous systematic and experimental testing), – Measure performance objectively and through farmer feedback / adaptation, – Model, generalise and interpret results across scaling domains – Embrace and address uncertainty – refine ability to predict suitability of innovations in co-learning paradigm – progressively reduce risk of innovation – Tools to connect research, extension and farmers as one system – e.g. underpin innovation platforms (but with powerful tools that bring evidence to bear on decisions) - need practical tools (and capacity strengthening) to match options to sites and circumstances – Emerging tools: • Mobile phones (georeference where people are) John Corvett • Net mapping – of power within value chains • Agent based modelling and role playing games
  • 13. Capacity strengthening • Within CG and partners • Not enough to have methods that work but need them to be in widespread use • CG not resourced to do this – still a research organisation • Implications of research in development is a different resourcing model and different sets of skills and partnerships • Skill sets required (which within CG which with partners?): – Data managers – Social facilitation (sociable, social scientists) - connectors – Political ecology - interdisciplinary • Need to be part of the innovation process to learn about it and influence
  • 14. What systems CRPs need • Sample (work across) variability rather than select few sites from which IPGs are generalised • Collate new charaterisation data for broad ‘target areas’– pinpoint gaps – and then fill them • Partnership (co-learning) with upstream centres of expertise rather than simply subcontracting
  • 15. Blue sky • Ten percent • Seek specific blue sky funding (Leverhulme, Australia) • Hear more about failures • Learn across CRPs – periodic meetings to share experience
  • 16. • Extension method – message, audience, context,

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. John Corvett – mobile phones georeference where people are
  2. http://www.economist.com/node/13944900