4. Human Activities
Annual Exposure
in mSv/yr
Dose to lungs from smoking a pack 150
of cigarettes daily
Medical or dental x-ray 0.39
Living in a masonry home 0.07
Sleeping next to someone for 8 hour 0.02
Watching television 2 hour daily 0.01
Air travel, every airborne hour 0.005
Using a computer terminal 0.001
Average for a person living in United States
Source : US Environment Protection Agency, US Department of Energy, ConsumerReport, MIT World Nuclear Association
5. Consumer Products
Tobacco (Polonium-210)
Smoke detectors (Americium-241)
Welding rods (Thorium-232)
Television (low levels of X-rays)
Watches & other luminescent products
(tritium or radium)
Gas lantern mantles
8. Exposure comparison among various industries
Non Medical Industry Nuclear Lynas
Destructive Workers Malaysia employees
Test (estimated
Workers avg)
mSv/year 6.1 0.4 0.08 0.03 0.2
Number of radioactive Licenses issued by AELB :
more than 1000 companies
9. Personnel wear Radiation Badges which are
tested and monitored by AELB
Film
Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)
Electronic personal dosimeters
12. History of Nuclear Malaysia (NM)
Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia) is a
national research centre
Under the Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation
Established in 1972 as PUSPATI, renamed as MINT
in 1990
Core activities are to promote application and
research on nuclear science and technology
13. Roles of Nuclear Malaysia (NM)
Nuclear Malaysia is not the regulator. AELB
is the regulator.
Nuclear Malaysia main activities are
research and technology development in
nuclear field.
Nuclear Malaysia provide consultancy
services to industries, federal agencies and
state government.
14. Nuclear Malaysia is well known in nuclear fields
Highly trained professional workforce
Expertise sought after by the international
communities
Well equipped in research laboratories and
engineering support infrastructure and
indigenously designed pilot plant facilities
Well connected to International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) and others similar international and
national agencies
15. Nuclear Malaysia is well known internationally
Staff qualifications :
5 '
6
7 , $
1 6*
8 $
Consulted by countries in ASEAN, Africa,
Middle East, South Asia and Asia Pacific on
various nuclear technology applications e.g.
NDT, Radiation Processing, Agro-technology,
Radiation Protection, and Quality Management
16. Nuclear Malaysia is consultant to Lynas
Nuclear Malaysia carried out Radiological
Impact Assessment for Lynas
Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA) covers :
$ 9 %
$
$
17. In Lynas process, traces of radioactive is present only
in Raw Material and Iron-Phospho-Gypsum Residue
Raw Material • traces of naturally occurring
radioactive material
Solid Residue
• Solids from gas scrubbing (gypsum)
Lynas Plant,
• Gypsum by-product
Malaysia
• Iron-Phospho-Gypsum – traces of radioactive
material
Lanthanide Products
18. Will the Iron-Phospho-Gypsum Residue affect the
environment?
The residue storage cell design ensures no
pathway for contamination on environment
!
" #
$ &
%
' " "
( )* "
+ "
, "-
19. Pathway for Contamination is one of the key
consideration in RIA
Pathway considered :
: 9 % +
: +
$ 9
;
22. Radiation exposure to public is negligible
Radiation exposure to workers is well below the limit
Background = 0.04 mSv/mth
Background = 0.04 mSv/mth
Average
exposure per
employee :
0.2 mSv/year
Background = 0.04 mSv/mth
23. Is Lynas Iron-Phospho-Gypsum residue within
acceptable risk?
The permissible exposure limit for workers is 50
mSv/year, set by the AELB.
Theoretical maximum worker exposure in the
Lynas plant from WLP residue is 6 mSv/year
In practise, Lynas will manage and limit worker
exposure below 3 mSv/year
No exposure to the public from Lynas residue
management
24. Conclusion
Based on Radiological Impact Assessment;
The public and the workers exposure are
well below the limits set by the authorities.
There is negligible impact to the
environment.