2. Vingette - Introduction
Joe is a 55 year old African American man. He quite smoking
6 years ago but has moderate symptoms of COPD. He has
difficulty cathcing his breath and is often fatigued.
He comes into the clinic to address sleep problems. He
reports waking up in the early morning and having difficulty
getting back to sleep. He also describes being highly irritable
with his wife and feeling like his job is pointless. He is having
difficulty remembering things and reports being distractable.
He has two boys 15 and 17. He reports that he is having more
trouble breathing lately so he has stopped coaching his
youngest son’s baseball team. He likes to play sports but
reports gaining weight over the last six years. He reports that
he feels hopeless about his future ability to be able to have a
“normal life”.
3. Dr. Mary Bernheim, "Molly," was
born Mary Hare in 1902 in
Gloucester, England. She spent her
childhood in India. She received a
BA, MA, and PhD from Cambridge
in England, the latter in 1928.
Mary Hare, while a graduate
student, also in 1928, discovered
the enzyme tyramine oxidase. The
enzyme was eventually renamed
monoamine oxidase (MAO) and was
later found to play a significant role
in mood regulation
Dr. Mary Bernheim's discovery,
which Theodore Slotkin calls "one
of the seminal discoveries in
twentieth century neurobiology."
4. Living With Half a Brain…
• When Cameron Mott was three years old, she contracted a rare
and deadly brain disorder; Rasmussen's Encephalitis.
• Her parents are desperate and have opted for the only available
cure, a radical high-risk operation to remove the diseased half of
her brain.
• Cameron lives with her sister Caroline and her parents Casey and
Shelley in Jamestown, North Carolina.
http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/36032653/ns/today-today_health/t/meet-girl-half-brain/#.UFAJEBjfMtc
11. Neurotransmitters
Dopamine (DA): Five major transmiter systems.
Motor function, appititive behaviors, reward, and
working memory.
Serotonin (5-HT): Feeling satisfied, pain reduction,
mood, basic okness, body temp and mood.
GABA: Inhabitory neurotransmitter.
Glutamate (Glu): Excititory neurotransmitter. 80-
90% of all synapses.
Acytalcholine (ACh): Learning, memory, arousal
levels and concentraition.
Norepinephrine (NE): Arousal, reward, and mental
filter.
Oxytocin: Social bonding, romantic love, and
sexual intamacy.
Histomine: Activation and arousal.
Melatonin: Sleep and nacturnal rythums.
Substance P: Pain response from body to the
brain.
Notes de l'éditeur
These brain scans, made by positron emission tomography, show post-treatment increases (orange) and decreases (blue) in regional glucose metabolism. The subjects were depressed patients who responded to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) or paroxetine, a serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor drug. CBT resulted in metabolic decreases in frontal and parietal cortex, and increases in hippocampus; paroxetine had the opposite effects. (From K. Goldapple et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry, 61:34–41, 2004.)Mayberg and colleagues at the University of Toronto recently published a PET paper detailing how cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) affected depressed patients. Lasting several months, CBT uses homework assignments and guided practice to identify relationships between a patient's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The researchers found that when 14 subjects responded to CBT, glucose metabolism decreased in certain cortical regions and increased in the hippocampus.1 In an earlier study of 13 other depressed subjects, the SRI drug paroxetine (Paxil) had the opposite effects on those same areas. Several cortical areas affected by CBT, but not by the drug, involve "self-actualization, self-reference, and reappraisal of information," notes Mayberg.