2. Examples of local anaesthetics 1. Lidocaine 2. Procaine 3. Bupivacaine 4. Prilocaine BLS 211 LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE
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4. Example of analgesics Buprenophine Is the most widely used injectable drug to induce general analgesia for a short procedure such as skin biopsy in rodents Lignocain , a local anaethesia can also induce local analgesia in feline, canine, and other large animals BLS 211 LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE
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8. Euthenasia Laboratory animals should not be kept alive after the experiment if pain and distress are likely to be experienced. when they are diagnosed to have an advanced terminal disease any condition causing suffering to the animal. BLS 211 LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE
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14. Intrinsic inter-individual variation If inter individual variation (standard variation) is large the precision of Various Results Will be low and the experiment will lack ‘Statistical POWER’’ Statistical POWER : Ability to detect a true treatment effect however small it might be If statistical power is to remain constant given an increasing inter individual Variation in a measured Value The number of Animals required per experiment will increase. This have economical, practical and ethical implications
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21. GENETIC STANDARDIZATION Genetic variability in animal experiments may be acceptable In some experiments eg when results are to be extrapolated in various spp: Example in toxicity tests. In most other experiments requires more uniform animal Population. However results should be reproducible in all cases
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24. Co-isogenic strain Differs from the established inbred strain by only one differentiating gene Name must consit : Full strain & substrain followed by a hyphen and a symbol of a mutant gene e.g BALB/cRij- nunu F1 hybrids Resulting from a cross between two inbred strains All F1 hybrids are genetically uniform Are heterozygous for all genes for which the two parents differ
25. Congenic strain Inbred strain in which a genetic trait has been introduced by repeatedly backcrossing up to 10 times
26. Consomic strains A chromosome is exchanged by a homologous chromosome of another inbred strain Recombinant inbred strain Produced b x s mating of individuals from F2 generation of a cross between two unrelated inbred strains progenitor strains Strain A x Strain B F1 (A x B) F2 N=20
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