Novel solutions for emulating ship signatures - CDE themed call launch 23 July 2013

Novel Solutions for Emulating
Ship Signatures
Centre for Defence Enterprise

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Events and Calls > Current calls for proposals > Novel
Solutions for Emulating Ship Signatures
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Events and Calls > Current calls for proposals > Novel
Solutions for Emulating Ship Signatures
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Technical queries:
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Further information

UNCLASSIFIED – FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Novel Solutions for Emulating Ship
Signatures
CDE themed call
Dstl reference: DSTL/PUB74519 v1
Technical queries should be sent to dstlmaritimeinnovation@dstl.gov.uk
© Crown copyright 2013 Dstl
24 July 2013

Content
• Background
• Requirement
• CDE themed call
• Technology challenge
• Questions
24 July 2013

Background
24 July 2013

Background – Sea Mines
• Sea mines are designed to be activated by one or a combination
of, acoustic, magnetic, electric and pressure signature(s)
generated by a ship moving in the vicinity of the mine
24 July 2013
Mine
Mine
Detonated
Ship Damaged
Ship

Background - Sweeping
• Mine sweeping systems are used to create a clear passage for ships to
transit safely through a mined water space
• Traditional mine sweeps work by using multiple towed sources to output
large magnetic and acoustic influences to detonate mines
• Technologies to accurately emulate ship signatures are less mature
24 July 2013
Mine
Towing Platform
Mine
Detonated
Tow Vessel Safe
ource

MOD Requirement
24 July 2013

Requirement
The Future Challenge
• As mine technology matures it is likely that mines will become
more capable in selecting individual ships for targeting and
rejecting the influences generated by present sweeping systems
24 July 2013
Reject - Present sweeping systems
Mine detonate
Source Source Source
Reject
Future mine
technology
"© Crown copyright 2013""© Crown copyright 2013"

Requirement
Required Solution
• Therefore the UK requires a capability that can accurately emulate the
signature of a full range of different naval platforms, without identifying
that the signatures are generated by a sweeping system
24 July 2013
Source Source Source
Mine detonate - Novel CDE sweep concepts Reject
Mine detonate Reject
Future mine
technology
"© Crown copyright 2013""© Crown copyright 2013"

CDE Themed Call
24 July 2013

CDE Themed Call
CDE themed call for research proposals :
• We are seeking new, compact and lightweight solutions that
can more accurately emulate ship signatures
• Ship signatures to be emulated include:
– Magnetic, acoustic, electric and pressure
• Proposals should address at least one type of signature emulation.
They could address more than one type, but do not have to address all
signature emulations
– To assist with the assessment and award of proposals, if you plan to submit
multiple solutions that address more than one type of signature influence, it
would be preferred if separate proposals were submitted for each influence
24 July 2013

CDE Themed Call
• The proposed solutions should lead to a design for the next
generation of mine sweeping source technology that can be
towed by, or integrated within, a small or medium sized
Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) or a number of such vessels
24 July 2013
USV (Towing) Platform
Source Source SourceSource

Technology Challenges
• When thinking about solutions for each signature generation it is
important that solutions should aim to accurately emulate ship
signatures and not generate any other unwanted signatures in the
water
• Unwanted signatures could impact on the emulation accuracy of other
sweep influence signatures or could indicate to the mine that the
signature is being generated by a sweeping system
– For example, generating unwanted electric signatures when emulating
magnetic signatures and vice-versa.
24 July 2013
Required Magnetic Signature Very Large Unwanted Electric Signature

What We Want
• Proposals that will demonstrate or de-risk the exploitation of existing
and/or emerging technology to provide novel solutions for accurately
emulating ship signatures
– Low TRL proof-of-concept demonstrations
– Innovative design solutions to enable proof-of-concept demonstrations if
they de-risk technology challenges
• Design proposals will be required to generate supporting evidence of
being capable of successfully generating representative ship signatures
• This call is not limited to new technology and can consider how existing
technologies in other areas could be applied to provide an advanced
mine sweeping system
24 July 2013

What We Want
• Proposals which offer a concrete demonstration of progress in maturing
technology are more likely to be successful than those offering, for
example, solely paper-based studies
– Demonstrations could be land-based or laboratory measurements rather
than going to the expense and complication of a sea trial
24 July 2013
A full detailed breakdown of what we want from proposals is available in the full call document

What We Don’t Want
• Ordinary solutions, or technology that is known to have already been
considered and found to have limited capability
• Solutions that offer marginal improvements in capability
• Technology watch/horizon scanning
• Roadmaps and technology predictions
24 July 2013
A full detailed breakdown of what we don’t want from proposals is available in the full call document

Exploitation
• It is planned for all CDE-funded projects from this themed call to be
completed by March 2014 so that they can be reviewed and projects
may be selected for phase 2 funding
– Successful outputs of CDE funded projects from this themed call may be
taken forward under the Maritime and Strategic Systems research
programme
• Successful work may be matured further within the science and
technology programme before potentially being exploited via the Mine
Countermeasure, Hydrographic and Patrol Capability (MHPC)
procurement programme
24 July 2013

Magnetic Signature Emulation
24 July 2013

Accurate emulation of ship magnetic signatures (priority 1)
• Ship magnetic signatures are made up of two components: the
static magnetic and alternating magnetic signatures, which can
both be used by sea mines to determine whether to detonate the
mine
• Mine magnetic sensors measure magnetic signature levels as
the ship approaches the vicinity of the mine
24 July 2013

• The magnetic signatures of a ship are conventionally split into 3-
axes (longitudinal, athwartship and vertical), with each
component varying in shape and magnitude
• Military ships are typically fitted with degaussing coils to reduce
their magnetic signature levels. However, when the degaussing
coils are switched on this can add extra turning points in the
signature, particularly in shallow water
24 July 2013

24 July 2013
Ship static magnetic signature with
degaussing
• Reduced amplitude
• Extra turning points
Example Static Magnetic Signatures
Ship static magnetic signature without
degaussing
• Large amplitude
• Low number of turning points
- Longitudinal
- Athwartship
- Vertical
L
V
A"© Crown copyright 2013"

24 July 2013
Key challenges to address for static magnetic signatures:
• Accurately generate 3-axis static magnetic signatures
• Highly configurable to emulate complex ship signature shapes
• Solutions can include towing multiple sources to achieve multiple turning
points
• Generate peak magnetic signature levels up to 20,000 nT on each individual
axis at a distance of 20 m
• Signatures should decay with distance in the same way that a ship’s
signature would
24 July 2013

24 July 2013
Key challenges to address for alternating magnetic signatures:
• Accurately generate 3-axis alternating magnetic signatures
• Highly programmable to emulate complex ship signatures
• The user should be able to define multiple frequencies to be generated
• Aspiration is to create alternating magnetic signatures up to 3 kHz
• Each frequency component to have varying amplitude up to 500 nT on each
individual axis at a distance of 20 m
signature would
24 July 2013

Additional potential benefit, though not primary aim of CDE call:
• The capability to generate larger amplitude magnetic signatures and
signatures at greater frequencies
– Though this should not be at the compromise of degrading the accuracy of
signature emulation or significantly compromising the size and weight of the
solution
• For towed solutions it would also be beneficial for a system to be
capable of reducing the magnetic signature level close to the towing
vessel when outputting large signatures to reduce vulnerability of the
towing platform
24 July 2013

Acoustic Signature Emulation
24 July 2013

Accurate emulation of ship acoustic signatures (priority 1)
• The main sources of ship’s acoustic signatures are:
– Machinery noise
– Propeller noise
– Hydrodynamic noise
• Mine acoustic sensors measure acoustic signature levels over a
range of frequencies as the ship approaches the vicinity of the
mine
24 July 2013

Example Acoustic Signature
Ship acoustic signatures are
made up of:
• A broadband signature
across all frequencies
• And multiple narrowband
tonals
• With varying acoustic power
levels across frequencies
24 July 2013

Key challenges to address for acoustic signatures:
• Accurately generate the required acoustic power levels across
frequencies from 5 Hz up to 60 kHz to emulate ship signatures
• Outputting the required acoustic power at the lower frequencies is
particularly challenging for a compact and lightweight solution
• Capability to continuously and simultaneously generate a broadband
signature shape and multiple narrowband tonals
24 July 2013

Key challenges to address for acoustic signatures:
• Programmable to accurately emulate a variety of signature shapes
• Flat broadband acoustic source levels aspirationally up to 200 dB re 1µPa @
1m/√Hz up to 500 Hz, then rolling off at -6 dB per octave and capable of
generating any shape below these levels
• Multiple narrowband tonals with acoustic source levels aspirationally up to
200 dB re 1µPa @ 1m across the frequency range
24 July 2013

• It is acceptable for solutions to generate the acoustic signatures using
multiple sources
• If these sources can also be separate to represent the distribution along
the length of the ship then this would be beneficial but not essential
24 July 2013
Multiple distributed acoustic sources
© Crown copyright 2013

• The capability to generate larger acoustic signatures and signatures
across a wider range of frequencies would add further benefit
signature emulation or significantly compromising the size and weight of the
solution
24 July 2013

• It is recognised that it is very challenging for a compact solution to
generate large power acoustic signatures at the lower frequencies
• We are also interested in novel solutions that cannot meet the full range
of aspirational power levels at the lower frequencies, but offer
significant improvements in current acoustic sweeping capability
24 July 2013

Electric Signature Emulation
24 July 2013

Accurate emulation of ship electric signatures (priority 2)
• Ship electric signatures are made up of two components: the
static electric and alternating electric signatures, which can both
be used by sea mines to determine whether to detonate the mine
• Mine electric sensors measure electric signature levels as the
ship approaches the vicinity of the mine
24 July 2013

24 July 2013
Key challenges to address for static electric signatures:
• Accurately generate 3-axis static electric signatures
• Highly configurable to emulate complex ship signature shapes
• Solutions can include towing multiple sources to achieve multiple turning
points
• Generate peak electric signature levels up to 10,000 µV/m on each individual
axis at a distance of 20 m
signature would
24 July 2013

24 July 2013
Key challenges to address for alternating electric signatures:
• Accurately generate 3-axis alternating electric signatures
• Highly programmable to emulate complex ship signatures
• The user should be able to define multiple frequencies to be generated
• Aspiration is to create alternating electric signatures up to 3 kHz
• Each frequency of varying amplitude up to 500 µV/m on each individual axis
at a distance of 20 m
signature would
24 July 2013

• The capability to generate larger amplitude electric signatures and
signatures at greater frequencies would add further benefit
signature emulation or significantly compromise the size and weight of the
solution
24 July 2013

Pressure Signature Emulation
24 July 2013

Accurate emulation of ship pressure signatures (priority 2)
• The pressure signature of a ship has peaks at the bow and stern of the
ship and a pressure decrease (suction) in the central area
• Mine pressure sensors measure pressure signature levels as the ship
approaches the vicinity of the mine
24 July 2013
Peak at bow Peak at stern
Suction
© Crown copyright 2013

Key challenges to address for pressure signatures:
• Configurable to accurately generate time-varying pressure levels that
accurately emulate specific ship pressure signatures
• Aspiration for solutions to be capable of outputting pressure suction
amplitudes from 50 Pa up to 10,000 Pa (reduction of 5 mm to 1020mm
in water head) at 20m depth
• Aspiration to emulate ship pressure wave-periods from 5 seconds to
500 seconds
24 July 2013
Wave-
period

• It is recognised that pressure signature generation is very challenging
• We are also interested in novel solutions that cannot meet the full range
of aspirational amplitudes and wave-periods specified, but offer
significant improvements in current pressure sweeping capability
24 July 2013

Summary
24 July 2013

Summary
• We are seeking new, compact and lightweight solutions that can more
accurately emulate ship signatures and not generate any other
unwanted signatures in the water
• Ship signatures to be emulated include:
– Magnetic, acoustic, electric and pressure
• Solutions should lead to a design for the next generation of mine
sweeping source technology that can be towed by or integrated within a
small or medium sized USV
24 July 2013

Summary
• Key call dates:
24 July 2013
23 July 2013 - Call launch webinar
12 September 2013 - Call closes at 1700 hours
24 October 2013 - Contract placement initiated and feedback provided
24 March 2014 - Proof-of-concept research complete
• Call links
• One-to-one teleconference opportunity on 31 July 2013
CDE Event: http://www.science.mod.uk/events/event_detail.aspx?eventid=269
CDE Call Doc: http://www.science.mod.uk/getfile.aspx?779
Technical Questions: dstlmaritimeinnovation@dstl.gov.uk
CDE Questions: cde@dstl.gov.uk

24 July 2013

Novel solutions for emulating ship signatures - CDE themed call launch 23 July 2013

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