1. Language Learning Strategies
(Direct Strategies)
MEMORY STRATEGIES

2. Remember that language learning strategies
are…
“Specific actions taken by the learner to make
learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more
self-directed, more effective, and more
transferrable to new situations." (Oxford, 1990,
p. 8).

3. A) DIRECT STRATEGIES
•I. Memory
oA. Creating mental linkages
oB. Applying images and sounds
oC. Reviewing well
oD. Employing action
•II. Cognitive
oA. Practicing
oB. Receiving and sending messages strategies
oC. Analyzing and reasoning
oD. Creating structure for input and output
•III. Compensation strategies
oA. Guessing intelligently
oB. Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing

4. B) INDIRECT STRATEGIES
•I. Metacognitive Strategies
oA. Centering your learning
oB. Arranging and planning your learning
oC. Evaluating your learning
•II. Affective Strategies
oA. Lowering your anxiety
oB. Encouraging yourself
oC. Taking your emotional temperature
•III. Social Strategies
oA. Asking questions
oB. Cooperating with others
oC. Empathizing with others

5. MEMORY STRATEGIES
They arrange very simple
principles, such as
arranging things in order or
making associations. These
associations must be
personally meaningful to
the learner.
Memory strategies allow
learners to store vocabulary
and then retreive it when
needed for communication.

6. Creating Mental Linkages
 Grouping
amazing, brilliant, shy, smart, beautiful, tall, short, messy,
frightening, scary, great, handsome, outgoing, friendly,
hilarious.
Positive Neutral Negative
Adjectives Adjectives Adjectives

7. Hello. My name is Julián, and I am a Mexican university student. My
days are usually full of activities and obligations, so I don’t have enough time
for myself. The university is very far from my house, so I usually have to get
up at 6:15 in the morning. At 7:00 I have a very fast breakfast and then I
leave home as soon as I can to catch the bus at 7:15. My classes start at
8:00 and finish at 12:50 p.m. I also have classes in the afternoon, but I don’t
have lunch at the university. I Have a friend who lives very near the
university, so I often have lunch at his house. After that, I go back to the
university and start my English classes at 2 p.m. The classes finish at 7 p.m.
When I get home, I have tea with my family and then I study or do my
Nouns Verbs Frequency Adjectives
homework. I finally go to bed at about 11 p.m. after a long and busy day.
adverbs

8.  Placing new words into context
“Take CARE of your memory, and your memory
will take CARE of you”.
CARE stands for: creating mental linkages,
associating, reviewing well, employing action.
“TOGETHER, WE GET STRONG.”
STRONG stands for: Self-esteem,Trust, Responsibility,
Options, Needs, Goals.

9. Applying Images and Sounds
 Using Imagery
friendship – hope – evil – shout – file

10.  Semantic Mapping

11.  Using Key Words
Stew
Avocado

12.  Representing Sounds in Memory
7 and 7 went down the line to capture number
49; 8 and 4 made some stew and gave it to 32.

13. Employing Action
 Using Physical Response or Sensation
 Touch the floor, put your notebook in your
backpack, come here, take out a pencil. Put the
pencil in your bag.
 Laugh, giggle, snap your fingers, take a walk,
shout, sneeze.

14.  Using Mechanical Techniques
- Use flashcards (write the word on one side
and the definition on the other)
- Devide your notebook into sections

15. Bibliography
• Oxford, Rebecca. Language Learning
Strategies: What every teacher should know,
Heinle & Heinle: Boston. 1990