Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...
Solutions
2. Mixtures
What are the two types of mixtures?
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
What is the difference?
Heterogeneous mixtures Homogeneous mixtures
have particles spread out have particles spread out
unevenly throughout it. evenly throughout it
3. Are solutions homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Basic Properties of a Solution
Dissolved particles will not come out of solution, no matter
how long the solution stands (assuming that the solution is
covered)
The solution is clear and transparent
The solution will pass through the finest filters
The solution is in a single phase, usually liquid
4. Solute Any solution made with
an alcohol
Solvent Solution in which water is
the solvent
Aqueous Substance that gets
dissolved
Tincture Substance that does the
dissolving
5. Types of Solutions
Gas Solutions: A solution consisting of gases or vapors
dissolved in one another
Liquid Solutions: A solution consisting of a liquid
solvent, in which a gas, liquid or solid
is dissolved
A solution consisting of solids
Solid Solution: uniformly spread throughout one
another at the atomic/molecular level.
6. Boiling Point Elevation/Freezing
Point Depression
If you dissolve a solute in water, it will raise
the boiling point, and lower the freezing
point. You can find out how much by
using the following equation:
T = Kf/Kb x m x DF
7. T = Kf/Kb x m x DF
T Change in Temperature
Freezing point Depression Constant (1.87 degrees Celsius/molal)
Kf/Kb
or
Boiling point Elevation Constant (.52 degrees Celsius/molal
m Molal (moles solute/kg solvent)
Dissociation factor (how many parts solute breaks
DF up into)
8. Now, it’s your turn!
T = Kf/Kb x m x DF
Kf = 1.87 *C/m Kb = .52 *C/m
Use the equation to find the freezing point
depression.
2 moles of NaCl are dissolved in 500 grams of water. Calculate the freezing
point depression.
T = 1.87 *C/m x 4m x 2 = 14.96
New freezing point is -14.96 *C
9. Solubility
The solubility of something shows the
maximum amount of solute that can
dissolve in a certain amount of solvent.
10. What are the 3 main factors that
have an effect on solubility?
Nature of solute/solvent
Temperature
Pressure
11. The four factors affecting the
rate of solution are:
Stirring
Amount of Solute
already dissolved
SIZE OF THE
PARTICLES.
(NO PICTURE
AVAILABLE) Temperature
12. At 30 *C, how many
grams of HCl will be
needed to saturate 50
grams of water?
About 33 grams
13. At 70 degrees, you have
dissolved 60 grams of
NH4Cl in 100 grams of
water. Is the solution
unsaturated, saturated
or supersaturated?
SATURATED!
14. By using the solubility
properties of gases and
solids, is NH3 a gas or
solid?
GAS
How do we know?
Since the solubility goes
down as temperature goes
up, it has to be a gas!
15. • A dilute solution is one in which the
amount of solute dissolved is small in
relation to the amount of solvent.
• A concentrated solution is one in which a
relatively large amount of solute is
dissolved.
So, can a dilute solution be a saturated
solution also??
YEP.
16. You now know everything there is
to know about solutions.
Well, not everything.
But congratulations anyways…