this will be tested on thursday

1. Other senses
By: Justine Yu
Madeleine Si

2. Other senses
 temperature (thermoception)
 kinesthetic sense (proprioception)
 pain (nociception)
 balance (equilibrioception)
 acceleration (kinesthesioception).

3. thermoception
 Thermoception or thermoreception is the sense of heat and
the absence of heat (cold) by the skin and including internal
skin passages, or, rather, the heat flux (the rate of heat flow)
in these areas.

4. Mammals have at least two types of sensor:
 detect heat (temperatures above body temperature)
 detect cold (temperatures below body temperature).

5. kinesthetic sense (proprioception)
 provides the parietal cortex of the brain with information on
the relative positions of the parts of the body.

6. The cerebellum is largely responsible for coordinating
the unconscious aspects of proprioception.

7. The cerebellum is largely responsible for coordinating
the unconscious aspects of proprioception.

8.  It is distinguished from exteroception, by
which we perceive the outside world, and
interoception, by which we perceive pain,
hunger, etc., and the movement of internal
organs.

9.  There are several relatively specific tests of
the subject's ability to propriorecept. These
tests are used in the diagnosis of
neurological disorders. They include the
visual and tactile placing reflexes.

10. One of the tests is….
 Neurologists test this sense by telling
patients to close their eyes and touch their
own nose with the tip of a finger. Assuming
proper proprioceptive function, at no time
will the person lose awareness of where the
hand actually is, even though it is not being
detected by any of the other senses.

11. Nociception (physiological pain)
 Signals nerve-damage or damage to tissue.
 This activity is initiated by nociceptors, (also called
pain receptors), that can detect mechanical,
thermal or chemical changes above a set threshold.
Once stimulated, a nociceptor transmits a signal
along the spinal cord, to the brain. Nociception
triggers a variety of autonomic responses and may
also result in the experience of pain in sentient
beings

12.  The main function of pain is to warn us about dangers. For
example, humans avoid touching a sharp needle or hot object
or extending an arm beyond a safe limit because it hurts, and
thus is dangerous. Without pain, people could do many
dangerous things without realizing it.

13.  The three types of pain receptors are cutaneous (skin),
somatic (joints and bones), and visceral (body organs). It
was previously believed that pain was simply the
overloading of pressure receptors, but research in the
first half of the 20th century indicated that pain is a
distinct phenomenon that intertwines with all of the
other senses, including touch. Pain was once considered
an entirely subjective experience, but recent studies
show that pain is registered in the anterior cingulate
gyrus of the brain.

14. balance (equilibrioception)
 It helps prevent humans and animals from falling over
when walking or standing still. Balance is the result of
a number of body systems working together: the eyes
(visual system), ears (vestibular system) and the
body's sense of where it is in space (proprioception)
ideally need to be intact.

15. Balance skill development in children