SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 11
IQ Test:
Thurstone Test of
Mental Alertness
Joshua J. Batalla
MP-IOP
The Testing Environment
The Testing Environment
• “Quiet”
• Adequate lighting and Ventilation
• Provide an enclosed, professional environment that is
clean, comfortable, smoke-free and conducive to testing.
• Only one workstation should be placed on each four feet
(1.2 meter) of space
Source : Pearson Quality Testing Centers
Exam Directions
• This test consists of four kinds of questions.
• For each of the four pages of test questions you
are to mark your answers in the appropriate box
in the answer column down the right hand side
of each page
• You should make a Heavy X for each answer
Key Proponent
Louis Leon Thurstone
• (May 29, 1887 – September 30, 1955)
• US pioneer in the fields of
psychometrics and psychophysics
• Masters in Mechanical Engineering
Brief Assistantship in the laboratory of Thomas Edison
• Graduate Studies in Psychology-University of Chicago
Four Job-Related Tasks
assessed by the TMA Test
• Adjusting to New Situations
• Learning New skills Quickly
• Understanding Complex or
Subtle Relationships
• Thinking Flexibly
Raven’s Progressive Matrices
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Otis-Lennon School Ability Test
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
IPAT Culture Fair
“Alternative Tests”
“Answers”
Three Scores are derived from the test items
• L Score of Linguistic or Verbal Ability
• Q Score of Quantitative Ability
• Total Score is the sum of L Score and the
Q Score
“Scale”
Score Equivalent
74 – 78 Very Superior
63 – 73 Superior
55 – 62 Above Average
50 – 54 High Average
30 – 49 Average
22 – 29 Low Average
10 – 21 Below Average
“Criticisms”
• Western Subjects
• Cultural Differences
• Discrimination on previously acquired
knowledge
Thank you!

More Related Content

What's hot

CPI Presentation (MP FINAL)
CPI Presentation (MP FINAL)CPI Presentation (MP FINAL)
CPI Presentation (MP FINAL)
Melissa Wilson
 
Chapter 1 history of testing
Chapter 1 history of testingChapter 1 history of testing
Chapter 1 history of testing
Roi Xcel
 
Ssct interpretation and scoring
Ssct interpretation and scoringSsct interpretation and scoring
Ssct interpretation and scoring
Bless Maramag
 

What's hot (20)

CPI Presentation (MP FINAL)
CPI Presentation (MP FINAL)CPI Presentation (MP FINAL)
CPI Presentation (MP FINAL)
 
Edward personal preference scales
Edward personal preference scalesEdward personal preference scales
Edward personal preference scales
 
Filipino psychology concepts and methods
Filipino psychology   concepts and methodsFilipino psychology   concepts and methods
Filipino psychology concepts and methods
 
Sack s sentence completion test report
Sack s sentence completion test reportSack s sentence completion test report
Sack s sentence completion test report
 
I/O Psychology Leadership
I/O Psychology LeadershipI/O Psychology Leadership
I/O Psychology Leadership
 
Chapter 1 history of testing
Chapter 1 history of testingChapter 1 history of testing
Chapter 1 history of testing
 
Introduction To Clinical Psychology
Introduction To Clinical PsychologyIntroduction To Clinical Psychology
Introduction To Clinical Psychology
 
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Stanford-Binet Intelligence ScaleStanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
 
1 Introduction to Psychological Assessment
1 Introduction to Psychological Assessment1 Introduction to Psychological Assessment
1 Introduction to Psychological Assessment
 
Test Utility
Test UtilityTest Utility
Test Utility
 
Ethical Issues in Assessment
Ethical Issues in AssessmentEthical Issues in Assessment
Ethical Issues in Assessment
 
Stanford binet intelligence scale- fifth edition
Stanford binet intelligence scale- fifth editionStanford binet intelligence scale- fifth edition
Stanford binet intelligence scale- fifth edition
 
Norms[1]
Norms[1]Norms[1]
Norms[1]
 
Henry Murray
Henry MurrayHenry Murray
Henry Murray
 
Test development
Test developmentTest development
Test development
 
Indigenous Psychology: Incorporating “Culture” in Psychology Research
Indigenous Psychology: Incorporating “Culture” in Psychology ResearchIndigenous Psychology: Incorporating “Culture” in Psychology Research
Indigenous Psychology: Incorporating “Culture” in Psychology Research
 
Ethical issues in psychological research
Ethical issues in psychological researchEthical issues in psychological research
Ethical issues in psychological research
 
Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS)Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS)
 
Code of Ethics for Philippine Psychologists
Code of Ethics for Philippine PsychologistsCode of Ethics for Philippine Psychologists
Code of Ethics for Philippine Psychologists
 
Ssct interpretation and scoring
Ssct interpretation and scoringSsct interpretation and scoring
Ssct interpretation and scoring
 

Viewers also liked

Test de habilidades mentales primarias de thurstone
Test de habilidades mentales primarias de thurstoneTest de habilidades mentales primarias de thurstone
Test de habilidades mentales primarias de thurstone
Jeesik5
 
Attitude measurement and scaling techniques
Attitude measurement and scaling techniquesAttitude measurement and scaling techniques
Attitude measurement and scaling techniques
Charu Rastogi
 
Culture fair test
Culture fair testCulture fair test
Culture fair test
ritavh
 
1 2016 ncae basic facts - national career assessment examination
1  2016 ncae basic facts - national career assessment examination1  2016 ncae basic facts - national career assessment examination
1 2016 ncae basic facts - national career assessment examination
jhaymz02
 
Guilford's theory of intelligence poster
Guilford's theory of intelligence posterGuilford's theory of intelligence poster
Guilford's theory of intelligence poster
Grace Preston
 
musical intelligence
musical intelligencemusical intelligence
musical intelligence
Zane Akmal
 
2 2016 ncae guidelines - national career assessment examination
2 2016 ncae guidelines - national career assessment examination2 2016 ncae guidelines - national career assessment examination
2 2016 ncae guidelines - national career assessment examination
jhaymz02
 

Viewers also liked (20)

The fulfilling life of a happy worker
The fulfilling life of a happy workerThe fulfilling life of a happy worker
The fulfilling life of a happy worker
 
Thurstone
ThurstoneThurstone
Thurstone
 
Test de habilidades mentales primarias de thurstone
Test de habilidades mentales primarias de thurstoneTest de habilidades mentales primarias de thurstone
Test de habilidades mentales primarias de thurstone
 
Attitude scale
Attitude scaleAttitude scale
Attitude scale
 
Attitude scales
Attitude scalesAttitude scales
Attitude scales
 
Attitude Measurement
Attitude MeasurementAttitude Measurement
Attitude Measurement
 
Attitude measurement and scaling techniques
Attitude measurement and scaling techniquesAttitude measurement and scaling techniques
Attitude measurement and scaling techniques
 
Attitude Scales
Attitude ScalesAttitude Scales
Attitude Scales
 
Term paper mental hygiene
Term paper mental hygieneTerm paper mental hygiene
Term paper mental hygiene
 
Culture fair test
Culture fair testCulture fair test
Culture fair test
 
Organization structure
Organization structureOrganization structure
Organization structure
 
Lectura 2. test de thurstone. sesión 17
Lectura 2. test de thurstone. sesión 17Lectura 2. test de thurstone. sesión 17
Lectura 2. test de thurstone. sesión 17
 
Organization Structure & Details
Organization Structure & DetailsOrganization Structure & Details
Organization Structure & Details
 
1 2016 ncae basic facts - national career assessment examination
1  2016 ncae basic facts - national career assessment examination1  2016 ncae basic facts - national career assessment examination
1 2016 ncae basic facts - national career assessment examination
 
Guilford's theory of intelligence poster
Guilford's theory of intelligence posterGuilford's theory of intelligence poster
Guilford's theory of intelligence poster
 
musical intelligence
musical intelligencemusical intelligence
musical intelligence
 
Unit 3 aptitude
Unit 3 aptitudeUnit 3 aptitude
Unit 3 aptitude
 
Career development history
Career development historyCareer development history
Career development history
 
2 2016 ncae guidelines - national career assessment examination
2 2016 ncae guidelines - national career assessment examination2 2016 ncae guidelines - national career assessment examination
2 2016 ncae guidelines - national career assessment examination
 
Ncae
NcaeNcae
Ncae
 

More from Joshua Batalla

More from Joshua Batalla (15)

Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapyCognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy
 
Asean integration 2015
Asean integration 2015Asean integration 2015
Asean integration 2015
 
Advance Statistics - Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Advance Statistics - Wilcoxon Signed Rank TestAdvance Statistics - Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Advance Statistics - Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
 
A Thesis Critique Papaer (Advance Social Psychology)
A Thesis Critique Papaer (Advance Social Psychology)A Thesis Critique Papaer (Advance Social Psychology)
A Thesis Critique Papaer (Advance Social Psychology)
 
Recent Issues in the Philippines (October 2013)
Recent Issues in the Philippines (October 2013)Recent Issues in the Philippines (October 2013)
Recent Issues in the Philippines (October 2013)
 
A portrait of a filipino
A portrait of a filipinoA portrait of a filipino
A portrait of a filipino
 
Recent issues in social psychology. body modification
Recent issues in social psychology. body modificationRecent issues in social psychology. body modification
Recent issues in social psychology. body modification
 
A critique paper2
A critique paper2A critique paper2
A critique paper2
 
A critique paper1
A critique paper1A critique paper1
A critique paper1
 
Filipino psychology - FIlipino Employees
Filipino psychology - FIlipino EmployeesFilipino psychology - FIlipino Employees
Filipino psychology - FIlipino Employees
 
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT june 29, 2013
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT   june 29, 2013HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT   june 29, 2013
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT june 29, 2013
 
Aspergers syndrome complete (group 1)
Aspergers syndrome complete (group 1)Aspergers syndrome complete (group 1)
Aspergers syndrome complete (group 1)
 
Ethnography research 1
Ethnography  research 1Ethnography  research 1
Ethnography research 1
 
Relationships
RelationshipsRelationships
Relationships
 
Report in hrm june 29, 2013
Report in hrm   june 29, 2013Report in hrm   june 29, 2013
Report in hrm june 29, 2013
 

Recently uploaded

Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Dipal Arora
 
Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls DelhiRussian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
AlinaDevecerski
 
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...
perfect solution
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort ServicePremium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
 
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...
 
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
 
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore EscortsCall Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
 
Manyata Tech Park ( Call Girls ) Bangalore ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy...
Manyata Tech Park ( Call Girls ) Bangalore ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy...Manyata Tech Park ( Call Girls ) Bangalore ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy...
Manyata Tech Park ( Call Girls ) Bangalore ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy...
 
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
 
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
 
Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
 
Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls DelhiRussian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
 
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
 
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel roomLucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
 
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋  9256729539 🚀 Indore EscortsVIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋  9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
 
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
 
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...
 
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeTop Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
 
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
 

Thurstone test ppt

  • 1. IQ Test: Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness Joshua J. Batalla MP-IOP
  • 3. The Testing Environment • “Quiet” • Adequate lighting and Ventilation • Provide an enclosed, professional environment that is clean, comfortable, smoke-free and conducive to testing. • Only one workstation should be placed on each four feet (1.2 meter) of space Source : Pearson Quality Testing Centers
  • 4. Exam Directions • This test consists of four kinds of questions. • For each of the four pages of test questions you are to mark your answers in the appropriate box in the answer column down the right hand side of each page • You should make a Heavy X for each answer
  • 5. Key Proponent Louis Leon Thurstone • (May 29, 1887 – September 30, 1955) • US pioneer in the fields of psychometrics and psychophysics • Masters in Mechanical Engineering Brief Assistantship in the laboratory of Thomas Edison • Graduate Studies in Psychology-University of Chicago
  • 6. Four Job-Related Tasks assessed by the TMA Test • Adjusting to New Situations • Learning New skills Quickly • Understanding Complex or Subtle Relationships • Thinking Flexibly
  • 7. Raven’s Progressive Matrices Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Otis-Lennon School Ability Test Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales IPAT Culture Fair “Alternative Tests”
  • 8. “Answers” Three Scores are derived from the test items • L Score of Linguistic or Verbal Ability • Q Score of Quantitative Ability • Total Score is the sum of L Score and the Q Score
  • 9. “Scale” Score Equivalent 74 – 78 Very Superior 63 – 73 Superior 55 – 62 Above Average 50 – 54 High Average 30 – 49 Average 22 – 29 Low Average 10 – 21 Below Average
  • 10. “Criticisms” • Western Subjects • Cultural Differences • Discrimination on previously acquired knowledge

Editor's Notes

  1. Raven’s Progressive Matrices Ipat Culture Fair Research shows a strong relationship between general mental ability and various work related outcomes. In addition to often being the strongest predictor of individual job performance, the TMA can help reduce overall turnover by helping to improve the effectiveness of hiring and placement decisions. The test can also help reduce supervisory and training time for employees in new positions and help increase overall profitability as a workforce with higher levels of cognitive ability acquires new information more easily and more quickly and is able to use information more effectively. Features _ The TMA assessment’s scores were correlated with job performance in various organizations for 10 functions, including management and non-management positions _ The test offers two comparable versions (A and B), which can be used to test applicants _ Easy to administer, the test requires only 20 minutes to complete Administration and Scoring Options
  2. Scores Three scores are derived from the test items:  The Same-Opposite and Definition items produce an L score of Linguistic or Verbal ability.  The Arithmetic and Number Series items produce a Q score of Quantitative Ability.  The Total Score is the sum of the L score and the Q score.  A high Total Score reflects the ability to respond correctly and quickly to the two types of items - verbal items and quantitative items. Alternating verbal items with quantitative items requires a mental shift. The rapidity with which an individual can respond to a series of alternating L and Q items can indicate how rapidly s/he is able to adapt to different situations. Scales and Norms Three scores are derived from four types of test items. There are scores for quantitative (Q) and linguistic (L) ability and a total score. The total score is the sum of the Q score and the L score. _ Quantitative: measured by Arithmetic and Number Series problems _ Linguistic: measured by Same-Opposite word meanings and Definitions items Percentile norms are listed for both subscores and the total score for the total sample.
  3. Use of Norms Scores on the TMA test can be interpreted by converting them to percentiles using norm tables. These tables are generated from scores of North American test takers and are intended to serve as a general guides until The JobBank develops local norms. The effectiveness of tests may vary from situation to situation. Factors such as talent available in the local labour market, job requirements within a specific company, etc. may affect score ranges. Other factors such as education, experience and motivation are also important determinants of job success. No standard score can accurately predict job performance in every situation and so it is recommended that these norms not be accepted as specific test score limits that positively designate individuals who will succeed in a given job. The JobBank will assist employers who use the TMA test to determine their own approximate score levels that can help identify effective job performance based on the cumulative experience with the test.   Percentile norms are listed by the two sub scores (quantitative and linguistic) and the total score for the following job classifications: • Manager  • Bank and insurance manager  • Human resource manager  • Sales manager  • Supervisor  • Computer programmer  • Sales representative  • General clerical  • College student  • Unskilled/skilled  • Cosmetology student  • Accounting  • Customer service  • Chief financial officer  • Marketing  • Company president  Validation studies have been conducted and scores were correlated with job performance in various companies for the following jobs: • Assistant manager  • Bank teller  • Clerical worker  • Computer operator  • Computer programmer  • Manager (retail store)  • Salesperson (retail store)  • Sales representative  • Sales supervisor  • Supervisor (insurance) 
  4. ** Criticisms Western Subjects - Subjects were white north American men Culture Differences - Discrimination on acquired knowledge