Site selection process is a screening technique, used to select appropriate sites for dumping waste. Screening is done by considering the restrictions that have to be met when selecting a site. Two Screening methodologies i.e. Boolean and Fuzzy were used for delineating dumping zones. Boolean defines a two valued logic with sharp delineation of boundaries where as fuzzy provides a smooth transition between the boundaries to handle the concept of vagueness. Implementation of membership functions for Fuzzy Logic analysis requires a lot of steps for manual process. As most of the process is generic for different layers, the analysis procedure was automated by customizing the application. Therefore, for site selection, a manual and automated fuzzy logic analysis was performed by making use of GeoMedia.

1. Fuzzy Logic and GeoMedia
Supervisors:
Prof. Dr. Dietrich Schröder
Prof. Dr. Franz-Josef Behr
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2. Agenda
 Introduction  About Me
 Objectives  Work Project on MapWindow
 Literature review ActiveX
 Inception of VnRPToolkit
 Study area and Data
 Scope of GeoMedia software
 Fuzzy logic approach
 Boolean logic
 Fuzzy and Boolean Comparisions
 Fuzzy Command Tool
 Conclusions
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3. Introduction
 Site selection process - a screening technique
 Factors for selection of land fill (slope, river, road,
geology, land use, etc.)
 Factors for restrictions (environmental, economic, social
and legislative factors.)
 Boolean logic and Fuzzy logic
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4. Objective
 Formulation of membership functions
 Primary goal - creation of generic Tool.
 Comparison of the results

5. Literature Review
 Conventional use of Fuzzy Logic - control systems
 Successful Implementation – analysis,and classification
of RS.
 GIS software packages.
 IDRISI called FUZSIG.
 No incorporation of generic tool for process automation
 Fuzzy analysis - Extensive and laborious analysis.
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6. Study area and Data
Figure 3 : Map of Study Area
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7. Scope of GeoMedia Software
 GeoMedia Professional 6.1
 GeoMedia Grid 6.1 – An extension
 Single GIS environment
 Provides generic tools for manual fuzzy analysis
 Customization through VB, Visual C++ and Visual C#
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8. Theory of Fuzzy Logic
 Lotfi Zadeh, Fuzzy Sets (1965).
 Fuzzy logic – Described to cope with fuzziness.
 Fuzzy sets – A superset of conventional (Boolean) logic
 MF range – 0 to 1.
 Reasoning using linguistic terms.
If the distance is short then assign 0 membership
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1
(a) Boolean Logic. (b) Fuzzy Logic.
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9. Characteristic Function:
Let X be the universe of discourse with elements x. Then for
Boolean logic the Characteristic function fA(x) of A
fA(x): X → {0, 1},where fA(x) = 1 if x is totally in A;
fA(x) = 0 if x is not in A;
However for a Fuzzy set A we have
μA(x): X → [0, 1], where μA(x) = 1 if x is totally in A;
μA(x) = 0 if x is not in A;
0 < μA(x) < 1 if x is partly in A.
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10. An example
The degree of Fuzzy sets is shown as follows:
Layers Membership function
MF = 0, if x < 500
Settlements MF = 1, if x > 1500
MF = ((x-500)/1000), if 500 ≤ x ≤ 1500
Figure 1:Visual interpretation of Membership Function with respective graphs
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11. Membership Functions
Layers Membership function
MF = 1, if 0 <x<5
Slope
MF = ((x-5)/10), if 5≤x≤15
MF = 0, if x>15
MF = 0, if 225≤x≤315
MF = ((x-135)/90) if 135<x<225
Aspect
MF = ((x-315)/90) if 315<x<45 (315<x<405)
MF = 1, if 45≤x≤135
MF = 1, if x=361(flat areas)
MF = 0, if x<200
Wells
MF = ((x-400)/200), if 400≤x≤600
MF = 1, if x>600
MF = 0, if x<250
River
MF = ((x-250)/500), if 250≤x≤750
MF = 1, if x>750
Road MF = 0, if x>500
MF = ((500-x)/500), if 0<x≤500
MF = 0, if x<250
settlements
MF = ((x-500)/1000), if 500≤x≤1500
MF =1, if x>1500
MF = 0, if x > +125
Geology
MF = ((125-x)/250), if -125≤x≤+125
MF = 1, if x < -125

13. Fuzzy logic with basic analysis tool
01Settlement
Membarship
0Membarship
500 m
Membarship
1Void m
1Membarship
1500
Membarship
Void

14. Fuzzy logic Analysis
Rivers
Aquifer
Wells Legend
Settlement 0
Aspect 0.1
0.2
Roads
0.3
Slope 0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
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15. Fuzzy analysis results for Optimum
sites
Addition operation withFunction value of 5
Product a threshold
Minimum operation
Suitable areas
0 Membarship
1 Membarship

16. Boolean Analysis
0<Aspect <180
Slope < 10 degrees
Minor Aquifer
Settlement distance = 1000m
Rivers distance = 500m
Roads distance=500m
Wells distance
= 500m

17. Boolean analysis results for optimum
sites

18. Fuzzy and Boolean Comparisions
Minimum Function
0 Membarship
1 Membarship
Boolean resultant areas

19. Fuzzy and Boolean Comparisions
 Boolean - sharp distinction with “YES” and “NO” areas
 Fuzzy - gradual delineation for selected landfill
 Flexibility to decide on threshold for fuzzy logic
 No need for repeated analysis
 No need for change in criteria and rules
 Saves time and reduces effort
 Decisions on threshold can be supplimented by field
work

20. The Fuzzy Command Tool
Input section
Process Section
To specify ascending or
descending from a layer
Output section
Context Help
Command buttons

21. Results of fuzzy command tool
Settlement
Wells
Roads
Rivers
Unsuitable
Suitable

22. Conclusions
 Successful implementation of the generic tool
 Applicability of the tool to any layer except for complicated
fuzzy functions.
 Illustrates the Need for customizable GIS software's.
 Demonstrates GeoMedia Grid as an example of software
providing the framework for customizing applications

23. Conclusions
 Future Work – To improve upon the different functions other
than linear.
 Future Work – customizing complicated fuzzy functions if the
process is recurring.

24. About Me
 B.Sc. Maths, Physics and Geology
 M.Sc. Geology (Osmania University, Hyderabad, India)
 M.Sc. Geoinformatics (HFT, Stuttgart, Germany)
 Work
 Research Associate (Software Developer)
 Currently doing a job as a Software Engineer

25. Current Job Project – Integration of
MapWindowGIS
 Integration of MapWindowGIS into SAFIRA II MMS
software
 Softwares and languages used
 MapWindowGIS Libraries
 MapWindow Active X Components
 Visual Basic 6
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26. MapWindowGIS
GIS application made using MapWindowGIS
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27. Possibilities on Selection
Single selection Multiple selection Multiple selection
Switch selection Multi De-selection Single De-selection
Different capabilities on polygon selection 27

28. Final integration of MapWinGIS project
Final Integration of MapWinGIS application into SAFIRA MMS 28

29. Inception of MapWindow

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