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Carbon Emissions Trading Markets Worldwide
May 1, 2009
Carbon emissions have been traded, albeit at minor levels, in the over-the-counter
(OTC) market since the 1990s. In recent years, significant global governmental
involvement in the stabilization of the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases
has facilitated tremendous growth in the market for carbon emissions trading. The value
of the carbon market has grown from $727 million in 2004 to $118 billion in 2008.
In addition to the foundational regulatory organizations that have established the
framework of the market, and the pre-requisite buyers and sellers, the magnitude and
evolving complexity of the global carbon markets has attracted numerous
intermediaries, such as brokers, exchanges, aggregators, and financiers, as well as
other peripheral participants such as validation and verification, information and
analysis, legal, and consulting service providers. Opportunities for market participants
are expected to continue to increase as the value of global carbon markets are forecast
to grow by 68% per year to $669 billion in 2013.
Carbon Emissions Trading includes a broad review of the carbon market. The report
provides a discussion of the mechanisms employed in the carbon market and an
overview of the market structure and participants. Market demand for carbon emissions
allowances and offsets is quantified and projections for growth in demand are provided,
along with the key factors influencing this growth. The report also provides profiles of
companies active in the carbon market.
Report Methodology
The information in Carbon Emissions Trading is based on primary and secondary
research. Primary research entailed in-depth interviews with firms involved in the
development of carbon emissions trading regulation, financial companies, and
consultants to the industry to obtain information on the developing market and factors
shaping the industry. Secondary research entailed data gathering from relevant
sources, including government and industry publications, company literature and
corporate annual reports.
What You’ll Get in This Report
Carbon Emissions Trading contains important insights and projections regarding the
2. future of this market around the world. No other market research report provides both
the comprehensive analysis and data that Carbon Emissions Trading offers.
Subscribers will benefit from extensive data, presented in easy-to-read and practical
charts, tables and graphs.
How You’ll Benefit From This Report
If your company is already doing business in the carbon market, or is considering
entering the marketplace, you will find this report invaluable, as it provides a
comprehensive package of information and insight not offered in any other single
source. You will gain a thorough understanding of the current global market for carbon
emissions allowances and offsets, as well as projected markets and trends through
2013.
This report will help:
Marketing managers understand the market forces shaping the carbon market
and identify market opportunities.
Research and development professionals stay on top of competitor initiatives
and explore demand for carbon emissions allowances and offsets.
Business development executives understand the dynamics of the market and
identify possible partnerships.
Information and research center librarians provide market researchers,
product managers, and other colleagues with the vital information they need to
do their jobs more effectively.
Additional Information
Market Insights: A Selection From The Report
Market Size and Segmentation
The global carbon market has grown rapidly over the past five years and recorded
nearly $118 billion of carbon emissions transactions in 2008. This represents a 256%
compound annual growth rate over the period. The market value of transaction has
grown exponentially as both the volume of carbon emissions traded and the price per
unit of carbon emissions have grown significantly over the period.
The price of carbon dioxide emissions traded increased by 49% per year from an
average of $5.86 per tonne in 2004 to $28.65 in 2008. Simultaneously, the volume of
3. carbon emissions traded, measured in millions of tones of carbon dioxide (MtCO2e),
has increased by 139% per year from 125 MtCO2e in 2004 to 4,104 MtCO2e in 2008.
The compliance-driven segment of the market accounted for over 96% of the overall
volume of the global carbon market in 2008; the share of the voluntary markets in value
terms was less than 1% of the overall carbon market in 2008.
Carbon Market Projections
The transaction value of the international carbon market has grown exponentially in its
first decade of existence. Pending the outcome of future regulatory and policy
decisions, further strong growth is expected as the global economy recovers from the
current economic recession.
In 2009, the volume of carbon traded on the global markets is expected to grow to 5,648
MtCO2e, a 38% increase over 2008 volume. However, given the recent downturn in the
global economy and the significant decline in the prices of carbon units traded, the
value of the global carbon markets is expected to decrease by 29% to under $84 billion
in 2009.
Prices in the carbon markets are expected to recover post-2009. Bolstered by
continued growth in volume, the global carbon market value is projected to grow by 68%
per year from under $84 billion in 2009 to $669 billion in 2013.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
Carbon Market Framework
Figure 1-1: Carbon Market Segmentation, 2008
Compliance Market Regulatory Framework
The Kyoto Protocol
Figure 1-2: Kyoto Protocol Trading Mechanisms
European Union Emissions Trading System
Figure 1-3: European Union Linking Directive
New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
Voluntary Market Framework
Chicago Climate Exchange
Over the Counter Market
Industry Structure and Participants
Figure 1-4: Carbon Market Industry Structure, 2008
Carbon Exchanges
Table 1-1: Carbon Exchanges and Trading Platforms, 2008
4. Table 1-2: Currencies Traded on Global Carbon Exchanges and Trading
Platforms, 2008
Market Size and Segmentation
Figure 1-5: Carbon Market Volume and Value, 2004-2008 (Volume in MtCO2e;
Value in $ M)
Figure 1-6: Carbon Market Value by Sub-Segment, 2008 ($ M)
Carbon Market Projections
Figure 1-7: Carbon Market Volume and Value, 2009-2013 (Volume in MtCO2e;
Value in $ M)
Report Scope
Report Format
Report Methodology
Abbreviations
Table 1-3: Abbreviations Utilized in Report
Chapter 2: Carbon Market Framework
Overview
Carbon Market Framework
Figure 2-1: Carbon Market Segmentation, 2008
Compliance Market
Table 2-1: Emissions Trading Systems in Compliance Market, 2008
Regulatory Framework
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Table 2-2: UNFCCC Annex I Nations
Figure 2-2: UNFCCC Annex 1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 1990 - 2000 (%
change from 1990 level)
The Kyoto Protocol
Figure 2-3: Kyoto Protocol Ratifying Nations
Table 2-3: Kyoto Protocol Greenhouse Gas Emissions Targets (% change from
1990 level)
Clean Development Mechanism
Figure 2-4: Clean Development Mechanism, 2008
Joint Implementation Mechanism
Figure 2-5: Joint Development Mechanism, 2008
International Emissions Trading
Figure 2-6: International Emissions Trading, 2008
European Union Emissions Trading System
Figure 2-7: European Union Allowance Trading, 2008
Figure 2-8: EU-ETS Allowance and Offset Trading, 2008
Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan
New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
Compliance Market Currencies
Table 2-4: Emissions Equivalencies of Currencies Traded in Compliance Market,
2008
Table 2-5: Currencies Traded in Compliance Market, 2008
Certification Standards in Compliance Market
5. Registries in the Compliance Market
Figure 2-9: Kyoto Protocol Carbon Registries, 2008
Table 2-6: Registries Utilized in Compliance Market, 2008
Voluntary Market
Figure 2-10: Voluntary Carbon Market Segmentation, 2008
Chicago Climate Exchange
Over the Counter Market
Voluntary Market Currencies
Table 2-7: Currencies Traded in Voluntary Market, 2008
Certification Standards in Voluntary Market
Figure 2-11: Voluntary Carbon Market Certification Standards, 2008
Table 2-8: Voluntary Emissions Standards, 2008
Chicago Climate Exchange Standard
Voluntary Carbon Standard
VER+ Standard
Climate, Community and Biodiversity Standard
Plan Vivo
The Gold Standard
Greenhouse Friendly Standard
Registries in Voluntary Market
Table 2-9: Carbon Accounting Registries in the Voluntary Carbon Market, 2008
Chapter 3: Industry Structure
Overview
Industry Structure and Participants
Figure 3-1: Carbon Market Industry Structure, 2008
Carbon Market Framework
Regulatory Bodies
United Nations Climate Change Secretariat
United Nations Clean Development Mechanism Executive Board
Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee
Compliance Committee
Designated National Authorities
Designated Operational Entity
Non-Governmental Organizations
Local Authorities
Suppliers
Project Developers
Table 3-1: Representative Project Developers, 2008
Intermediaries
Exchanges
Table 3-2: Carbon Exchanges and Trading Platforms, 2008
Table 3-3: Currencies Traded on Global Carbon Exchanges and Trading
Platforms, 2008
Table 3-4: Sample Voluntary Emissions Reductions Certification Standards, 2008
Europe
Table 3-5: European Carbon Exchanges and Trading Platforms, 2008
6. European Climate Exchange
Nordic Power Exchange
European Energy Exchange
Energy Exchange Austria
BlueNext
Climex
North America
Table 3-6: North American Carbon Exchanges and Trading Platforms, 2008
Chicago Climate Exchange
The Green Exchange
Montreal Climate Exchange
South America
Table 3-7: South American Carbon Exchanges and Trading Platforms, 2008
Brazil Mercantile Futures Exchange
Asia and Australia
Table 3-8: Asian and Australian Carbon Exchanges and Trading Platforms, 2008
Asia Carbon Exchange
Multi-Commodity Exchange of India
National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange
The Australian Climate Exchange
Brokers
Table 3-9: Representative Carbon Market Brokers, 2008
Aggregators
Table 3-10: Representative Offset Aggregators, 2008
Financial Institutions
Table 3-11: Representative Private Sector Financial Companies Active in Carbon
Market, 2008
Multilateral Development Banks
Carbon Funds
Carbon Finance Product Offerings
Buyers
Compliance Market Buyers
Voluntary Market Buyers
Industry Services
Validation and Verification Services
Information, Analysis, and Legal Advisory Services
Table 3-12: Representative Consulting Firms Active in Carbon Market, 2008
Table 3-13: Representative Legal Advisory Service Companies Active in Carbon
Market, 2008
Chapter 4: Market Sizing and Segmentation
Overview
Market Size and Segmentation
Figure 4-1: Carbon Market Volume and Value, 2004-2008 (Volume in MtCO2e;
Value in $ M)
Figure 4-2: Carbon Market Value by Segment, 2008 ($ M)
Compliance Market Segments
7. Figure 4-3: Kyoto Protocol Trading Mechanisms
International Emissions Trading
European Union Emissions Trading System Market
Figure 4-4: EU ETS Carbon Market Volume, 2004 to 2008 (MtCO2e)
Figure 4-5: European Union Linking Directive
Clean Development Mechanism Market
Figure 4-6: Clean Development Mechanism, 2008
Figure 4-7: Certified Emissions Reductions Issued by Project Type (% of total)
Figure 4-8: Certified Emissions Reduction Volume, 2004 to 2008 (MtCO2e)
Joint Implementation Market
Figure 4-9: Joint Development Mechanism, 2008
Figure 4-10: Emissions Reduction Units Registered by Project Type (% of total)
Figure 4-11: Emissions Reduction Unit Volume, 2004 to 2008 (MtCO2e)
New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme Market
Figure 4-12: New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme Volume,
2004 to 2008 (MtCO2e)
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Market
Figure 4-13: Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Market Volume, 2004 to 2008
(MtCO2e)
Voluntary Market Segments
Chicago Climate Exchange
Figure 4-14: Chicago Climate Exchange Volume, 2004 to 2008 (MtCO2e)
Over the Counter Market
Figure 4-15: Over the Counter Market Volume, 2004 to 2008 (MtCO2e)
Market Price Trends
Figure 4-16: Carbon Market Price Trends, 2007-2008 ($/tCO2e)
Carbon Market Projections
Figure 4-17: Carbon Market Volume and Value, 2009-2013 (Volume in MtCO2e;
Value in $ M)
Figure 4-18: Carbon Market Value by Segment, 2013 ($ M)
Kyoto Protocol Post 2012
UNFCCC Conference in Poznan
European Union Emissions Trading System
Figure 4-19: European Union Trading System Market Volume, 2009 to 2013
(MtCO2e)
Key Drivers of EUA Demand and Price
Clean Development Mechanism Market
Figure 4-20: Certified Emissions Reduction Volume, 2009 to 2013 (MtCO2e)
Joint Implementation Market
Figure 4-21: Joint Implementation Volume, 2009 to 2013 (MtCO2e)
North American Markets
California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006
Hawaii Global Warming Solutions Act of 2007
Minnesota Next Generation Energy Act of 2007
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
8. Figure 4-22: Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Market Volume, 2009 to 2013
(MtCO2e)
Western Regional Climate Action Initiative
Midwestern Greenhouse Gas Accord
Potential United States Federal Cap and Trade System
Figure 4-23: United States Federal Cap and Trade System Market Volume, 2009
to 2013 (MtCO2e)
Australian Carbon Market
Figure 4-24: Australian Carbon Market Volume, 2009 to 2013 (MtCO2e)
Japan
Figure 4-25: Japanese Carbon Market Volume, 2009 to 2013 (MtCO2e)
The Chicago Climate Exchange
Figure 4-26: Chicago Climate Exchange Market Volume, 2009 to 2013 (MtCO2e)
Over-the-Counter Market
Figure 4-27: Over the Counter Market Volume, 2009 to 2013 (MtCO2e)
Chapter 5: Company Profiles
Overview
Table 5-1: Companies Profiled
3 Degrees Incorporated
Table 5-2: 3 Degrees Incorporated Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Company News
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
APX Incorporated
Table 5-3: APX Incorporated Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Company News
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Baker & McKenzie
Table 5-4: Baker & McKenzie Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
9. Personnel Changes
Blue Source
Table 5-5: Blue Source Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Company News
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
CantorCO2e LLC
Table 5-6: CantorCO2e Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Company News
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Climate Focus
Table 5-7: Climate Focus Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Credit Suisse
Table 5-8: Credit Suisse Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Company News
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
EcoSecurities Group plc
Table 5-9: EcoSecurities Group Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
10. Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Equator LLC
Table 5-10: Equator LLC Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Evolution Markets
Table 5-11: Evolution Markets Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Fortis
Table 5-12: Fortis Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Company News
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
MGM International
Table 5-13: MGM International Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Company News
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Natsource
Table 5-14: Natsource Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
11. Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
RNK Capital LLC
Table 5-15: RNK Capital LLC Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Sterling Planet, Incorporated
Table 5-16: Sterling Planet, Incorporated Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Tradition Financial Services / TFS Energy / TFS Green
Table 5-17: Tradition Financial Services/TFS Energy/TFS Green Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
TUV SUD America
Table 5-18: TUV SUD America Profile
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
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