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The Worldwide Market for Anti-Infectives (Antifungals, Antibacterials and
Antivirals)
October 1, 2009
The anti-infective market is at a critical juncture. For the past 60 years, antibiotic drugs
have turned bacterial infections into treatable conditions rather than the life-threatening
scourges they once were. But the effectiveness of many antibiotics is waning
dramatically, as more and more types of bacteria become resistant to them.
This Kalorama Information The World Market for Anti-Infectives considers the anti-
infective drug market as it faces challenges with resistance and generic competition.
The report focuses on three key segments of treatment:
• Antifungals (Allylamines, Azoles,Polyene Macrolides and Other
Antifungals)
• Antibacterials (Cephalosporins, Macrolides, Penicillins, Quinolones,
Sulfonamides, Tetracyclines, Carbopenems, Miscellaneous)
• Antivirals (Nucleoside Analogs, Transcriptase Inhibitors, DNA Polymerase
Inhibitors, Protease Inhibitors)
For each category and each subsegment, current market and forecast is provided. The
report covers both currently marketed and late stage development products.. Revenues
for each segment were generated using dollar sales for each product.
The report includes statistical information for infections by type worldwide, with special
emphasis on the U.S. and Europe. As part of its coverage the report provides:
• Overview
• Description of Products on the Market
• Review of Products in Late Stage Development
• Market Estimates and Forecasts
• Competitive Analysis of Leading Providers
• Regional Breakdown of Antifungal, Antibacterial and Antiviral Market (US,
Europe and Asia)
• Market Share of Antifungal, Antibacterial and Antiviral Market

2. The information for this report was gathered using both primary and secondary research
including comprehensive research of secondary sources such as company literature,
databases, investment reports, and medical and business journals focused on the anti-
infective industry. Telephone interviews and email correspondence were the primary
method of gathering information. For the purpose of this study Kalorama Information
conducted interviews with key industry officials, consultants, health care providers, and
government personnel. These sources were the primary basis in gathering information
specifically relating to revenue and market share data presented in this report. Specific
interviews with pharmaceutical company representatives included marketing directors,
division managers, and product representatives.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• Introduction
• Scope and Methodology
• Total Size and Growth of the Market
• Issues and Trends Affecting Market
• Leading Competitors
CHAPTER TWO: INTRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY TRENDS
• Overview
• Introduction to Pathogens
• Demographics of the World
• Anti-Infective Drug Resistance
o Antibiotic Abuse
o Antibiotic Use in Agriculture
o Resistance in Select Populations
o Children
o The Elderly
o Compromised Individuals
o Measures for Reducing Resistance
o Antibiotic Cycling
o Antibiotic Education
o Screening Hospitalized patients
• HIV Trends
o Infection Rates
o HIV and Women
o Costs and Funding of HIV Treatment
o Access to HIV/AIDS Treatment
• Manufacturer and Marketer Trends
o Trends in Partnerships and Alliances
o Developers Trends
o Trends in Rx-to-OTC Switches

3. CHAPTER THREE: ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS
• Overview
• Types of Fungal Infections
o Superficial
o Systemic
o Histoplasmosis
o Coccidioidomycosis
o Blastomycosis
o Fungal Infection Statistics
o Fungal Infection Risk
• Description of Antifungal Products
o Systemic Antifungals
o Allylamines
o Azoles
o Polyene Macrolides
o Systemic Miscellaneous Antifungals
o Topical Antifungals
o Allylamines
o Topical Azoles
o Topical Polyene Macrolides
o Topical Miscellaneous Antifungals
• Market Overview
• Total Market Size and Forecast
• Antifungal Market by Product Type
o Allylamines
o Azoles
o Polyene Macrolides
o Other Antifungals
Antifungal Market by Geographical Region
• Market Analysis by Treated Condition
• Competitive Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS
• Overview
• Classification of Antibacterial Organisms
• Antimicrobial Spectrum
• Bacterial Resistance
• Principles of Anti-bacterial Therapy
o Infecting Organism
o Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing
o Site of Infection
o Host Defenses and Organ Function

4. o Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics
o Monitoring Therapy
• Combination Therapy and Prophylactic Use
• Bacterial Infection Statistics
• Bacterial Infection Risk
• Description of Antibacterial Products
o Cephalosporins
o Macrolides
o Penicillins
o Quinolones
o Sulfonamides
o Tetracyclines
o Carbopenems
o Systemic Miscellaneous Antibiotics
Market Overview
• Total Market Size and Forecast
• Antibacterial Market by Product Type
• Cephalosporins
• Macrolides
• Penicillins
• Quinolones
• Sulfonamides
• Tetracyclines
• Carbopenems
• Other Products
• Antibacterial Market by Geographical Region
• Market Analysis by Treated Condition
• Competitive Analysis
• Leading Products
CHAPTER FIVE: ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
• Overview: Introduction to Viruses
• Examples of Pathogenic Viruses
• Virus Function and Life History
• Replication in DNA Viruses
• Replication of RNA Viruses
• Replication in Retroviruses
• Host Defenses Against Viruses
• Viral Ploys to Invade Host Cells and Circumvent Host Responses
o Invasion of Host Cells
o Subversion of the Immune Response
o Avoidance of Immune Detection and Attack by Killer Cells
• HIV and AIDS

5. • Viral Infection Statistics
• Description of Antivirals Products
o Nucleoside Analogs, Transcriptase Inhibitors and DNA Polymerase
Inhibitors
o Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
o Combination Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
o Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
o Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
o Combination Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
o DNA Polymerase Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors
• Other Antivirals
• Market Overview
• Total Market Size and Forecast
o Antiviral Market by Product Type
o Nucleoside Analogs
o Protease Inhibitors
o Other Antivirals
o
Antiviral Market by Geographical Region
• Market Analysis by Treated Condition
• Competitive Analysis
• Leading Products
CHAPTER SIX: MARKET SUMMARY
• Total Market Size and Forecast
• Market by Segment
CHAPTER SEVEN: CORPORATE PROFILES
• Introduction
• Abbott Laboratories
• AstraZeneca/MedImmune
• Bayer Schering Pharma AG
• Bristol-Myers Squibb
• Daiichi Sankyo
• Gilead Sciences
• GlaxoSmithKline
• Johnson & Johnson Group
• Merck & Co.
• Novartis

6. • Pfizer
• Roche
• Schering-Plough Corporation
• Wyeth
APPENDIX: LIST OF MAJOR PROVIDERS
LIST OF EXHIBITS
CHAPTER ONE: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• Table 1-1: The Global Market for Anti-Infectives by Product Segment, 2006-2013
• Figure 1-1: The Global Market for Anti-Infectives by Product Segment, 2009
CHAPTER TWO: INTRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY TRENDS
• Table 2-1: Estimated World Population by Age and Geographical Region, 2009
• Figure 2-1: Estimated World Population by Age and Geographical Region, 2009
• Table 2-2: Worldwide HIV/AIDS Infections
• Table 2-3: Women Living with HIV/AIDS, by Region 1990 to 2007 (Percent)
• Table 2-4: AIDS Resource Needs (US$ billion), 2006-2008
• Table 2-5: Antiretroviral Access for HIV Infected Individuals by Region, 2005*
• Table 2-6: Anti-Infective Drugs in Development by Developer
• Table 2-7: Anti-infectives Ingredients Transferred from Rx-to-OTC
CHAPTER THREE: ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS
• Table 3-1: Estimated World and U.S. Incidence of Fungal Infections
• Figure 3-1: Estimated World and U.S. Incidence of Leading Fungal Infections
• Table 3-2: World Population at Risk for Fungal Infections, Secondary to Chronic
Diseases by Selected Geographical Region, 2008-2009
• Figure 3-2: World Population at Risk for Fungal Infections, Secondary to Chronic
Diseases by Selected Geographical Region, 2008-2009
• Table 3-3: Systemic Allylamines
• Table 3-4: Systemic Azoles
• Table 3-5: Systemic Polyene Macrolides
• Table 3-6: Systemic Miscellaneous Antifungals
• Table 3-7: Topical Allylamines
• Table 3-8: Topical Azoles
• Table 3-9: Topical Polyene Macrolides
• Table 3-10: Topical Miscellaneous Antifungals
• Table 3-11: The World Market for Antifungal Drugs 2006-2013
• Figure 3-3: The World Market for Antifungal Drugs 2006-2013
• Table 3-12: Antifungal Drug Market by Type 2006-2013
• Figure 3-4: The World Market for Antifungal Drugs Revenues by Type 2006-2013

7. • Figure 3-5: The World Market for Antifungal Drugs Revenues by Type 2009 and
2013
• Table 3-13: The World Market for Antifungal Drugs Estimated Products Sales by
Geographic Region 2006-2013
• Figure 3-6: The World Market for Antifungal Drugs Estimated Product Sales by
Geographic Region 2006-2013
• Table 3-14: World Antifungal Market Estimated Products Sales by Infection Type,
Sales in Millions, 2009
• Figure 3-7: World Antifungal Market Estimated Distribution of Products Sales by
Infection Type, 2009
• Table 3-15: World Market for Antifungal Drugs Estimated Revenues and Market
Share of Leading Suppliers 2006-2009
• Figure 3-8: World Market for Antifungal Drugs Estimated Revenues of Leading
Suppliers 2006-2009
• Figure 3-9: World Market for Antifungal Drugs Estimated Market Share of
Leading Suppliers, 2009
• Table 3-16: World Market for Antifungal Drugs Estimated Sales of Select
Products 2006-2009
• Figure 3-10: World Market for Antifungal Drugs Estimated Sales of Select
Products 2006-2009
CHAPTER FOUR: ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS
• Table 4-1: Antibiotics with Difficult Penetration
• Table 4-2: Estimated World and U.S. Incidence of Bacterial Infections
• Figure 4-1: Estimated World and U.S. Incidence of Bacterial Infections
• Table 4-3: World Population at Risk for Serious Bacterial Infections, Secondary
to Chronic Diseases by Selected Geographical Region, 2008-2009
• Figure 4-2: World Population at Risk for Serious Bacterial Infections Secondary
to Chronic Diseases by Selected Geographical Region, 2008-2009
• Table 4-4: Currently Available Cephalosporin Antibiotics (Type, Brand, and
Manufacturer)
• Table 4-5: Currently Available Macrolide Antibiotics (Type, Brand, and
Manufacturer)
• Table 4-6: Currently Available Penicillin Antibiotics (Type, Brand, and
Manufacturer)
• Table 4-6: Currently Available Penicillin Antibiotics (Type, Brand, and
Manufacturer)
• Table 4-7: Currently Available Quinolone Antibiotics (Type, Brand, and
Manufacturer)
• Table 4-8: Currently Available Sulfonamide Antibiotics (Type, Brand, and
Manufacturer)
• Table 4-9: Currently Available Tetracycline Antibiotics (Type, Brand, and
Manufacturer)
• Table 4-10: Currently Available Carbopenems (Type, Brand, and Manufacturer)

8. • Table 4-11: Currently Available Other Miscellaneous Antibiotics (Type, Brand,
and Manufacturer)
• Table 4-12: The World Market for Antibacterial Drugs 2006-2013
• Figure 4-3: The World Market for Antibacterial Drugs 2006-2013
• Table 4-13: Antibacterial Drug Market by Type 2006-2013
• Figure 4-4: The World Market for Antibacterial Drugs Revenues by Type 2006-
2013
• Figure 4-5: The World Market for Antibacterial Drugs Revenues by Type 2009
and 2013
• Table 4-14: The World Market for Antibacterial Drugs Estimated Products Sales
by Geographic Region 2006-2013
• Figure 4-6: The World Market for Antibacterial Drugs Estimated Product Sales by
Geographic Region 2006-2013
• Table 4-17: World Antibacterial Market Estimated Products Sales by Infection
Type
• Figure 4-7: World Antibacterial Market Estimated Distribution of Products Sales
by Infection Type, 2009
•
• Table 4-18: World Market for Antibacterial Drugs Estimated Revenues and
Market Share of Leading Suppliers 2006-2009
•
• Figure 4-8: World Market for Antibacterial Drugs Estimated Revenues of Leading
Suppliers 2006-2009
•
• Figure 4-9: World Market for Antibacterial Drugs Estimated Market Share of
Leading Suppliers, 2009
•
• Table 4-19: World Market for Antibacterial Drugs Estimated Sales of Select
Products 2006-2009
•
• Figure 4-10: World Market for Antibacterial Drugs Estimated Sales of Top Ten
Products 2006-2009
CHAPTER FIVE: ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
• Table 5-1: Host Cell Receptors
•
• Table 5-2: Estimated World and U.S. Incidence of Viral Infections
•
• Figure 5-1: Estimated World and U.S. Incidence of Leading Viral Infections
•
• Table 5-3: Currently Available Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
(Type, Brand, and Manufacturer)
•
• Table 5-4: Currently Available Combination Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors (Type, Brand, and Manufacturer)

9. •
• Table 5-5: Currently Available Nucleotide Analog Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors (Type, Brand, and Manufacturer)
•
• Table 5-6: Currently Available Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
(Type, Brand, and Manufacturer)
•
• Table 5-7: Currently Available Combination Non-Nucleoside Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors (Type, Brand, and Manufacturer)
•
• Table 5-8: Currently Available DNA Polymerase Inhibitors (Type, Brand, and
Manufacturer)
•
• Table 5-9: Currently Available Protease Inhibitors (Type, Brand, and
Manufacturer)
•
• Table 5-10: Currently Available Miscellaneous Antivirals (Type, Brand, and
Manufacturer)
•
• Table 5-11: The World Market for Antiviral Drugs 2006-2013
•
• Figure 5-2: The World Market for Antiviral Drugs 2006-2013
•
• Table 5-12: Antiviral Drug Market by Type 2006-2013
•
• Figure 5-3: The World Market for Antiviral Drugs Revenues by Type 2006-2013
•
• Figure 5-4: The World Market for Antiviral Drugs Revenues by Type 2009 and
2013
•
• Table 5-13: The World Market for Antiviral Drugs Estimated Products Sales by
Geographic Region 2006-2013
•
• Figure 5-5: The World Market for Antiviral Drugs Estimated Product Sales by
Geographic Region 2006-2013
•
• Table 5-14: World Antiviral Market Estimated Products Sales by Infection Type
•
• Figure 5-6: World Antiviral Market Estimated Distribution of Products Sales by
Infection Type, 2009
•
• Table 5-15: World Market for Antiviral Drugs Estimated Revenues and Market
Share of Leading Suppliers 2006-2009
•
• Figure 5-7: World Market for Antiviral Drugs Estimated Revenues of Leading
Suppliers 2006-2009

10. •
• Figure 5-8: World Market for Antiviral Drugs Estimated Market Share of Leading
Suppliers, 2009
•
• Table 5-16: World Market for Antiviral Drugs Estimated Sales of Top Products
2006-2009
•
• Figure 5-9: World Market for Antiviral Drugs Estimated Sales of Top Products
2006-2009
CHAPTER SIX: MARKET SUMMARY
• Table 6-1: The Global Market for Anti-Infectives by ProductSegment, 2006-2013
•
• Figure 6-1: The World Market for Anti-Infective Drugs 2006-2013
•
• Figure 6-2: The Global Market for Anti-Infectives by Product Segment, 2009
•
• Figure 6-3: The Global Market for Anti-Infectives by Product Segment, 2013
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