1. Marta Meireles da Silva Gil y
Mar Roquette Domínguez 2ºB

2. - Energy definition
- Types of energy
- Energy sources
- Renewable energy sources
- Non-renewable energy sources
- Types of power stations
- Wind turbines created water from thin
air.

3. Energy is the capacity of an object of doing a work
It is measured in joules or calories

5. MECHANICAL ENERGY
KINETIC ENERGY
It is the energy that objects have when they're in motion
POTENTIAL ENERGY
It is the energy that objects have when they're moved
from their stable positions of equilibrium.

6. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
The energy associated with an electrical current. It makes
electrically powered machines work when they're connected
to a supply of electricity.

7. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
Transported by electromagnetic waves, such as radio,
television or X-ray waves. Luminous energy is a type of
electromagnetic energy generated by sun or artificial
lights.

8. SOUND ENERGY
Associated with waves that are transmited through vibrations

9. CHEMICAL ENERGY
Stored in substances. It can be released or absorbed
during chemical processes

10. NUCLEAR ENERGY
Contained in nuclei of atoms. It is released during nuclear
reactions.

11. THERMAL CALORIFIC ENERGY
Comes from the vibration of particles in matter.
Temperature measures the thermal energy of an
object.

12. Energy sources are natural resources that provide different
forms of energy. This is transformed for specific uses.

13. Renewable energy comes from unlimited natural resources.
Renewable energy comes from unlimited natural resources.

14. HYDRAULIC ENERGY
Production:
1. When the water is released from the dam and falls, its po-
tential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
2. The kinetic energy moves mechanical elements called tur-
bines which rotate an alternator.
3. The alternator transforms kinetic energy into electricity.
Transformation:
-In hydroelectric power stations
near rivers with a lot of water.
-In hydroelectric power stations
near rivers in valleys with high
slopes to contain the water.

15. HYDRAULIC ENERGY
Advantages:
-It's cheap
-It's clean
-It's non-polluting
Disadvantages:
-Building power stations is very
expensive
-Reservoirs can cover a lot of
productive land and even destroy villages.
-Reservoirs can spoil the landscape and affect the animal and
plant life in the area.
-If a dam breaks, there's a risk of a catastrophe.

16. SOLAR ENERGY
Production and transformation:
-To produce hot water by using flat solar thermal collector.
-To generate electrical energy using solar panels.
-To produce electrical energy in heliostat fields.
Advantages:
-It's clean.
-Big power station are not
needed.
-It's unlimited.
Disadvantages:
-It's a variable source of energy
-Solar panels are still quite
expensive for general use.

17. WIND ENERGY
Production and transformation: Wind energy is produced by the ef-
fect of radiation on the atmosphere. When wind energy causes
the blades of wind turbine to move, the wind's kinetic energy is
converted into electricity.
Advantages:
-It's unlimited and non-polluting.
-The cost of building and
maintaining a wind farm is low.
Disadvantages:
-It's a variable source of energy.
-Wind turbines are a hazard for
bird.
-Wind turbines produce noise
pollution.

18. MARINE ENERGY
Types:
-Tidal energy: can be extracted from the tides.
-Waves energy: is obtained from the movement of sea
waves.
-Ocean thermal: is produced
from the difference in
temperature between the
surface of the sea and the
deep sea.

19. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Definition: Comes from the surface of the sea and the earth's
crust.
-In temperatures below 150ºC, it produces heat.
-In temperatures above 150ºC, it produces electricity.

20. BIOMASS
Definition: It is produced from plant remains, forest and
agricultural waste. It is used to produce electricity and
for transformation into fuels.

21. Non-renewable energy
sources come from natural
resources that are limited.
They will eventually run out
if we continue to use them
Regeneration rate is very slow
because they need millions
of years to form.

22. NUCLEAR ENERGY
Definition: Nuclear energy is stored in the nuclei of atoms
and this released in the nuclear reaction.
Types:
-Nuclear fusion: when two light
nucleus joined to form a heavier
one.
-Nuclear fission: when a heavy
nucleus is split into two lighter
nuclei

23. COAL
Definition:It was formed from the remains of fossilised plants.
Extraction:
-Open-cast mines: when the coal is close
to the surface, soil is removed to
expose it.
-Underground: when the coal is buried
deep on the ground, mines have to be
make to mined the coal.
Transport:
-By sea: in enormous ships
-By land: usually by train
-By road: only for local transport

24. COAL
Uses for energy
-Nowadays: to generate electricity
-In the past:
For street lighting
As a domestic fuel
Other uses
-Coke: uses in the steal industry
-Pitch and tar: used in making
roads, lubricating oils, plastics.

25. PETROLEUM
Definition: It is formed from the buried remains of plants and
animals that have been descomposed because of bacterial
action.
Extraction:
1. A well is drilled on land or under
the sea. The platform built in the
sea is called an oil rig.
2. The petroleum is extracted using
pumps or sometimes the natural
pressure makes it rise.
3. The extracted petroleum contains
salt water, rock, mud and gas, so it's
then purified.

26. PETROLEUM
Storage: it's stored in containers
Transport:
-Oil tankers: they are specialised
ships designed for intercontinental
transports.
-Oil pipers: they are enormous
steel pipers.
Transformation/Uses:
-Liquid fuels gases/Fuel.
-Liquid fuels/Heat engines and aeroplanes.
-Fuel oil/In thermal power stations to produce electricity or heating
-Light components/Lubricant, for making creams
-Heavy components/To make things waterproof or for asphalt

27. NATURAL GAS
Definition: It is a mixture of gases made from decom-
posed plants and animals.
Extraction: It is expensive to extract. It's extracted by
drilling.
Uses: Gas for fuel is used
in industry and homes to
produce thermal energy
and in thermal power stations
to obtain electrical energy.

28. NATURAL GAS
Storage and transport:
1. Natural gas is transported
from gas fields by gas pipelines
to a liquefaction plant.
2. The gas is transform into
liquid to reduce its volume.
3. It's transported in LNG
carriers which are specially
designed ships.
4. When it reach its destination, it's returned to gaseous
state, and it's transported again by pipelines.

30. HYDRAULIC POWER STATION
In a hydraulic power station it is used the water power to
generates electricity.
In general, these plants take advantage of the gravita-
tional potential energy that have the water of a natural
bed of a river because of a irregularity on the land.
The water in his fall
is passed to a turbine
which transmits
the power to a generator
where it is transformed
into electrical energy.

31. NUCLEAR POWER STATION
Operation: Nuclear power plants operate by producing nuclear
reactions creating the heat necessary to produce electrcity.
This heat-generating process from the nucleus of an atom is
known as fission.
Components: A nuclear power
plant consists of several vital
components necessary to fully
execute its operations, including
the control rods, shielding and
reactor core.
-Nuclear reactor: A nuclear
reactor operates within a nuclear power plant to mine uranium
and create nuclear fuel.

32. THERMAL POWER STATION
A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is
steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a
steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it
passes
through the turbine, the steam is
condensed in a condenser and
recycled to where it was heated.
The greatest variation in the design
of thermal power stations is due to
the different fuel sources. Some
prefer to use the term energy centre
because such facilities convert forms of
heat energy into electricity. Some thermal power plants also deliver
heat energy for industrial purposes, for district heating, or for
desalination of water as well as delivering electrical power.

33. EOLIC POWER STATION
A wind farm is a group of wind turbines in the same
location used to produce electric power. A large wind
farm may consist of several hundred individual wind
turbines, and cover an extended area of hundreds of
square miles, but the land between the
turbines may be used for
agricultural or other
purposes. A wind farm may
also be located offshore.

34. SOLAR POWER STATION
Solar power stations are form by solar cells.
The solar cell is the basic building block of solar photovoltaic.
The cell can be considered as a two terminal device which
conducts like a diode in the dark and generates a photo-
voltage when charged by the sun. Usually it is a thin slice of
semiconductor material
of around 100 cm2 in area. The
surface is treated to react
as little visible light as possible
and appears dark blue or black.
A pattern of metal contacts is
imprinted on the surface to
make electrical contact.

35. SOLAR POWER STATION
When charged by the sun, this basic unit generates a
dc photovoltage of 0.5 to 1 volt and, in short cir-
cuit, a photo-current of some tens of milliamps per
cm . Although the current is
2
reasonable, the voltage is
too small for most applications.
To produce useful dc voltages,
the cells are connected
together in series and
encapsulated into modules.

36. I thing that it will be a good idea to made this wind turbines,
because nowadays there are lot of people who does not have
water and water is necessary for live. But I also thing that
these people in the world that doesn't have water are also
the poorest people so they need help in order to put one of
these
wind turbines
in their villages.

37. So as a conclusion I will wanted to say that before doing this
wind turbines people must know them and help with some
money to the villages that need these wind turbines.

38. By:
Marta Meireles da Silva Gil
Mar Roquette Domínguez
2ºB