Visualizing Transformative Networks in Innovation Ecosystems

VISUALIZING
TRANSFORMATIVE
NETWORKS

IN
INNOVATION
ECOSYSTEMS

Innova'on
Ecosystem
Network

Interna'onal
Conference
on
Computa'onal
Social
Sciences

June
8,
2015

Martha
G
Russell

Co-‐Authors

•  Martha
G
Russell

–  Stanford
University

•  Jukka
Huhtamäki

–  Tampere
Univ
of
Technology

•  Kaisa
SCll

–  VTT,
Finland

•  Neil
Rubens

–  Univ
of
Electro-‐communica'ons

•  Jiafeng
Yu

–  VXPLO.com

•  Rahul
C.
Basole

–  Georgia
Ins'tute
of
Technology

Overview

•  Can
user-‐centric,
process-‐automated
model
for
data-‐
driven
visual
network
analysis
be
validated
with

ground
truth?

•  What
are
the
tradeoﬀs
between
explora'on
and

automa'on
in
developing
systems
for
the
par'cipa'on

of
both
low
and
high
tech-‐savvy
stakeholders?

•  Can
network
visualiza'ons
be
successfully
used
for

engaging
stakeholders
in
understanding
and

orchestra'ng
innova'on
ecosystems?

TransformaCon
of

InnovaCon
Ecosystems

InnovaCon
Ecosystems
refer
to
the
inter-‐organiza'onal,
poli'cal,
economic,

environmental,
and
technological
systems
through
which
a
milieu
conducive

to
business
growth
is
catalyzed,
sustained,
and
supported.

A
dynamic
innova'on
ecosystem
is
characterized
by
a
con'nual
realignment

of
synergis'c
rela'onships
that
promote
growth
of
the
system.

In
agile

responsiveness
to
changing
internal
and
external
forces,
knowledge,
capital

and
other
vital
resources
ﬂow
through
these
rela'onships.

Ecosystem
Transforma'ons
(Russell
et
al.,
2011)

EIT
ICT
Labs
Case
Study
(S'll
et
al.,
2014)

Symbio'c
rela'onships
to
create
and
deliver
products
and
services
(Basole
and
Rouse,
2008)

Synergis'c
realignment
(Rubens
et
al.,
2010)

Inventor
networks
(Powell
and
Giannella,
2009)

Interﬁrm
alliances
(Gula',
2009)

Agents
Events
Impact
Coalitions
Shared

Vision

Transforma'on

Iterative
Alignment
Interact &
Feedback
Co-Create
Value
Through
Context,
Culture,
Capital
Shared Vision Transforms
Russell, M.G., Still, K., Huhtamäki, J., and Rubens, N., “Relational Capital for Shared Vision in Innovation Ecosystems,” in Gebhardt,
C., and Meig, H.A. (Eds.), Special Issue: The Spatial Dimension of Innovation: Triple Helix and the City, Triple Helix Journal,
Forthcoming.

S'll,
K.,
Huhtamäki,
J.,
Russell,
M.G.,
Basole,
R.C.,
Salonen,
J.,
&
Rubens,
N.
(2013)
Networks
of
innova'on

rela'onships:
Mul'scopic
views
on
Finland,
in
Proceedings
of
the
XXIV
ISPIM
Conference
–
Innova'ng
in

Global
Markets:
Challenges
for
Sustainable
Growth,
16-‐19
June
2013,
Helsinki,
Finland,
p.
15.

Descrip've
Metrics

were identified (note: following the practices and guidelines related to privacy, in this
research we do not provide the names of individuals). Some actors were found to have
positions as key connecting nodes in more than one view, suggesting interlocking
relationships between the different levels. However, their roles were different.
Table 2 Descriptions of the multiscope of cumulative networks of case Finland
View Microscopic Mesoscopic Macroscopic Multiscope
Nodes 844 821 231 1698
Connections 883 824 186 1664
Network
description
Directed
relationships,
multimode
network
Directed
relationships,
multimode
network
Undirected
relationships, 1-
mode network
Directed and
undirected
relationships,
multimode
network
Network
metrics
density: 0.002
diameter: 15
density: 0.002
diameter: 18
density: 0.007
diameter: 4
density: 0.001
diameter: 16
Top 10
actors based
on
betweenness
centrality
Startup Sauna
Nokia
Ind-PK
SunyRide
Ind-KB
Ind-TT
Transfluent
Ind-JE
Ind-AK
Ind-VM
Nokia
Ind-PK
Ind-TT
Ind-JE
Applifier
Mendor
Finnish Industry
Investment
WOT Services
XIHA
Tinkercad
Nokia
Nokia Siemens
Networks
Wartsila
Metso
Kemira
Finnair
Microsoft
Outokumpu
Stora Enso
Ilmarinen
Nokia
Ind-PK
Startup Sauna
Ind-TT
WOT Services
SunyRide
Ind-JE
Mendor
Ind-AK
Ind-KB
Top 10
actors based
on degree
Nokia
Startup Sauna
Ind-AK
Ind-TL
Ind-TT
Holvi
Ind-PK
Ind-JE
Ind-KL
Ind-VM
Nokia
Blyk
Fruugo
Grand Cru
Rovio
Entertainment
XIHA
Flowdock
Finnish Industry
Investment
Sofanatics
Sulake
Nokia
Nokia Siemens
Networks
Wartsila
Finnair
Tabuk Cement
Alcatel Lucent
Telefonaktie–
bolaget LM
NEC
NTT Docomo
Zecon Bhd
Elematic
Fujitsu
Nokia
Startup Sauna
Ind-TL
Nokia Siemens
Networks
Ind-AK
Ind-TT
Grand Cru
Holvi
Blyk
Rovio
Entertainment

Huhtamäki,
J.,
Russell,
M.G.,
S'll,
K.,
and
Rubens,
N.
(2011)
A
Network-‐Centric
Snapshot
of

Value
Co-‐Crea'on
in
Finnish
Innova'on
Financing,
Technology
Innova.on
Management
Review,

hhp://'mreview.ca/ar'cle/424.

Finnish
Innova'on
Ecosystem:

Rela'onal
networks
of
Finnish
companies

including players from more traditional industries – Wartsila, Metso and Kemira –
indicates their connecting role both within Finland as well as globally. Interestingly,
Rovio Entertainment, which by many is still regarded more of a growth company than an
established company, is present in this view, due to its enterprise level relationships. Due
to the nature of the data, all of the actors in the top 10 based on betweenness are
companies, including Microsoft which is there due the its strategic alliance with Nokia.
Figure 2 Macroscopic view highlighting enterprise level relationships
The mesoscopic view highlighting growth companies (Figure 3) shows many Finnish
companies with relationships to 1-3 actors; it also introduces more complex, networked
relationships, showing a chain of nodes connecting key nodes. The key nodes that act as

Huhtamäki,
J.,
Russell,
M.G.,
S'll,
K.,
and
Rubens,
N.
(2011)
A
Network-‐Centric
Snapshot
of

Value
Co-‐Crea'on
in
Finnish
Innova'on
Financing,
Technology
Innova.on
Management
Review,


Finnish
Innova'on
Ecosystem:

Rela'onal
networks
of
growth
companies

For Rovio Entertainment, this view indicates the connected individuals as well as
investors. Accordingly, three out of the top 10 actors based on betweenness are
individuals. However, as degree measures the number of connections, all top 10 actors
based on it are companies, including one financing organization.
Figure 3 Mesoscopic view of growth companies
The microscopic view highlighting startup companies (Figure 4) illustrates an intricate
web of connections within the Finnish ecosystem. In addition to start-ups, the key nodes
now include prominent individuals (in roles of founders, advisors and angels) as well as a
business incubator, Startup Sauna, reflecting this particular incubator’s role as active
advocate of start-up culture as well as home for start-ups, a place for building

Huhtamäki,
J.,
Russell,
M.G.,
S'll,
K.,
and
Rubens,
N.
(2011)
A
Network-‐Centric
Snapshot
of

Value
Co-‐Crea'on
in
Finnish
Innova'on
Financing,
Technology
Innova.on
Management
Review,


Finnish
Innova'on
Ecosystem:

Rela'onal
networks
of
start-‐ups

Figure 4 Microscopic view of start-up companies
The aggregated network depicts an ecosystemic view of Finland (Figure 5) as it combines
the Finnish companies from the three separate datasets, and shows their direct
connections. Hence, for the first time, we can see in a single visualization the founders
and angels, executives and financing organizations, as well as companies from start-ups
to established enterprises. Overall, key actor of the ecosystem with the highest

Huhtamäki,
J.,
Russell,
M.G.,
SCll,
K.,
and
Rubens,
N.,
“A
User-‐Centric,
Process-‐Automated
Model
for
Data-‐
Driven
Visual
Network
Analysis:
The
ExploraCon
-‐
AutomaCon
Cycle,”
in
Matei,
S.,
BerCno,
E.,
and
Russell,

M.G.,
Socio-‐Computa,onal
Frameworks,
Tools
and
Algorithms
for
Suppor,ng
Transparent
Authorship
in

Social
Media
Knowledge
Markets.
Springer.
Forthcoming.

Data
From
Mul'ple
Sources

Huhtamäki,
J.,
Russell,
M.G.,
SCll,
K.,
and
Rubens,
N.,
“A
User-‐Centric,
Model
for
Data-‐
Driven
Visual
Network
Analysis:
The
ExploraCon
-‐
AutomaCon
Cycle,”
in
Matei,
S.,
BerCno,
E.,
and
Russell,

M.G.,
Frameworks,
Tools
and
Algorithms
for
Suppor,ng
Transparent
Authorship
in

Social
Media
Knowledge
Markets.
Springer.
Forthcoming.

Os'nato
Model

User-‐centric
data-‐driven
process
model
for
visual
analy'cs

Network
Metrics
for
Ecosystem

Rela'onal
Capital
Indicators

Russell,
M.G.,
S'll,
K.,
Huhtamäki,
J.,
Rubens,
N.,
and
Basole,
R.C.
“Rela'onal
Capital
for
Shared
Vision
in
Innova'on
Ecosystems,”
in
Gebhardt,

C.,
and
Meig,
H.A.
(Eds.),
Special
Issue:
The
Spa'al
Dimension
of
Innova'on:
Triple
Helix
and
the
City,
Triple
Helix
Journal,
Forthcoming.

Enterprise
Level
Ecosystem
Visualiza'ons

for
Three
Metropolitan
Areas

Russell,
M.G.,
S'll,
K.,
Huhtamäki,
J.,
and
Rubens,
N.,
and
Basole,
R.C.
“Rela'onal
Capital
for

Shared
Vision
in
Innova'on
Ecosystems,”
in
Gebhardt,
C.,
and
Meig,
H.A.
(Eds.),
Special
Issue:

The
Spa'al
Dimension
of
Innova'on:
Triple
Helix
and
the
City,
Triple
Helix
Journal,
Forthcoming.

Growth
Level
Ecosystem
Visualiza'ons
for

Three
Metropolitan
Areas

Russell,
M.G.,
S'll,
K.,
Huhtamäki,
J.,
and
Rubens,
N.,
and
Basole,
R.C.
“Rela'onal
Capital
for

Shared
Vision
in
Innova'on
Ecosystems,”
in
Gebhardt,
C.,
and
Meig,
H.A.
(Eds.),
Special
Issue:

The
Spa'al
Dimension
of
Innova'on:
Triple
Helix
and
the
City,
Triple
Helix
Journal,
Forthcoming.

Startup
Level
Ecosystem
Visualiza'ons
for

Three
Metropolitan
Areas

Russell,
M.G.,
S'll,
K.,
Huhtamäki,
J.,
and
Rubens,
N.,
and
Basole,
R.C.

“Rela'onal
Capital
for

Shared
Vision
in
Innova'on
Ecosystems,”
in
Gebhardt,
C.,
and
Meig,
H.A.
(Eds.),
Special
Issue:

The
Spa'al
Dimension
of
Innova'on:
Triple
Helix
and
the
City,
Triple
Helix
Journal,
Forthcoming.

Russell,
M.G.,
S'll,
K.,
Huhtamäki,
J.,
and
Rubens,
N.,
and
Basole,
R.C.
“Rela'onal
Capital
for

Shared
Vision
in
Innova'on
Ecosystems,”
in
Gebhardt,
C.,
and
Meig,
H.A.
(Eds.),
Special
Issue:

The
Spa'al
Dimension
of
Innova'on:
Triple
Helix
and
the
City,
Triple
Helix
Journal,
Forthcoming.

Comparing
Rela'onal
Capital
Metrics

of
Innova'on
Ecosystems

S'll,
K.,
Huhtamäki,
J.,
Russell,
M.G.,
and
Rubens,
N.
(2014)
“Insights
for
Orchestra'ng

Innova'on
Ecosystems:
the
Cast
of
EIT
ICT
Labs
and
Data-‐Driven
Network
Visualisa'ons,”

Interna.onal
Journal
of
Technology
Management
66:2/3,
243-‐265.

EIT

ICT
Labs

Cluster

Ci'es

S'll,
K.,
Huhtamäki,
J.,
Russell,
M.G.,
and
Rubens,
N.
(2014)
“Insights
for
Orchestra'ng

Innova'on
Ecosystems:
the
Cast
of
EIT
ICT
Labs
and
Data-‐Driven
Network
Visualisa'ons,”

Interna.onal
Journal
of
Technology
Management
66:2/3,
243-‐265.

What
if

SF
Bay

Area

would

be
EIT

ICT
Labs’

Node

#7?

Homo
Narra've

Sense-‐Making
Mandate

•  The
listener’s

brain

determines

how
a
story

is
heard

•  Inﬂuence
by

– framing

– par'cipa'on

Put
ME
in
the
Story

hhp://uphillwri'ng.org/wp-‐content/uploads/2011/11/Reality-‐Mirror.gif

Sensemaking
and
Storytelling

In
Sum

•  Our
results
demonstrate
that
network
visualiza'ons
can
be

successfully
used
for
engaging
stakeholders
in

understanding
and
orchestra'ng
innova'on
ecosystems,
by

highligh'ng
the
roles
of
key
actors,
using
comparisons,
and

by
exploring
the
what
if-‐ques'ons.

•  The
viability
of
the
user-‐centric,
process-‐automated
model

for
data-‐driven
visual
network
analysis
is
validated.

•  There
are
cri'cal
tradeoﬀs
between
explora'on
and

automa'on
in
developing
sophis'cated
systems
designed

for
the
par'cipa'on
of
both
low
and
high
tech-‐savvy

stakeholders.

Further
Informa'on

Huhtamäki,
J.,
Russell,
M.G.,
SCll,
K.,
and
Rubens,
N.
(2011)
A

Network-‐Centric
Snapshot
of
Value
Co-‐CreaCon
in
Finnish

InnovaCon
Financing,
Technology
Innova,on
Management

Review,
h^p://Cmreview.ca/arCcle/424.

Huhtamäki,
J.,
Russell,
M.G.,
SCll,
K.,
and
Rubens,
N.,
“A
User-‐
Centric,
Model
for
Data-‐Driven
Visual

Network
Analysis:
The
ExploraCon
-‐
AutomaCon
Cycle,”
in

Matei,
S.,
BerCno,
E.,
and
Russell,
M.G.,

Frameworks,
Tools
and
Algorithms
for
Suppor,ng
Transparent

Authorship
in
Social
Media
Knowledge
Markets.
Springer.

Forthcoming.

SCll,
K.,
Huhtamäki,
J.,
Russell,
M.G.,
and
Rubens,
N.
(2014)

“Insights
for
OrchestraCng
InnovaCon
Ecosystems:
the
Cast
of

EIT
ICT
Labs
and
Data-‐Driven
Network
VisualisaCons,”

Interna,onal
Journal
of
Technology
Management
66:2/3,

243-‐265.

Russell,
M.G.,
SCll,
K.,
Huhtamäki,
J.,
and
Rubens,
N.,

“RelaConal
Capital
for
Shared
Vision
in
InnovaCon

Ecosystems,”
in
Gebhardt,
C.,
and
Meig,
H.A.
(Eds.),
Special

Issue:
The
SpaCal
Dimension
of
InnovaCon:
Triple
Helix
and

the
City,
Triple
Helix
Journal,
Forthcoming.

Basole,
R.
C.,
Russell,
M.
G.,
Huhtamäki,
J.,
Rubens,
N.,
S'll,
K.,
&

Park,
H.
(2015).
Understanding
Business
Ecosystem
Dynamics:
A

Data-‐Driven
Approach.
ACM
Transac.ons
on
Management

Informa.on
Systems
(TMIS),6(2),
6.

Join
us
at
HICSS
2016

hhp://ien.stanford.edu

Deadline
for
papers:
June
15,
2015

Visualizing Transformative Networks in Innovation Ecosystems

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