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culture
Buddhism is a religion and
philosophy including a variety of
traditions, beliefs and
practices, largely based on
teachings attributed to Siddhartha
Gautama, commonly known as
the Buddha ("the awakened
one"). The Buddha lived and
taught in the eastern part of
Indian subcontinent sometime
between the 6th and 4th
centuries BC. The followers of
this doctrine called it Dharma.
The term “Buddhism” was coined
by Europeans in XIX century.
The Language
              Situation
India is the most linguistically diverse country in the world. Its 28
states, demarcated primarily on a linguistic basis, speak 22 different
languages in over 1500 dialects.
The most widely spoken language is Hindi, although some southern
states reject it as the primary official language. As a result, English has
become the primary medium of communication across the country
especially between Hindi and non-Hindi speakers.
English is the second official
language of India. It is widely
spoken by educated people along
with Hindi. Usually in hotels and
restaurants your English can be
easily understood. In south
where the general level of
education is much higher than in
North there is another language
used as a medium of
communication: Tamil. That is
why southern well-educated class
should speak three languages:
native, Hindi and English. In
southern India people don’t
understand Hindi, so as a rule
they use English. English is the
only language comprehensible to
all Indians.
In local shops and tourist
hotspots vendors, taxi drivers,
and middlemen speak an
ungrammatical version of
English – often a word-for-word
translation from their native
tongue – in an accent that
varies according to their mother
tongue. Here you may hear
sentences like “You from which
place” . On the other hand, the
English used in official
documents is very polite,
ornate, and verbose – a
straggling remnant of India’s
British history.
Incredibl
  e India
  India is marvelous country, where on the
  one territory one can observe different
  cultures, various religious groups, such as
  Hindus, Moslems, Christians, Sikhs, Jains,
  and Buddhists. The key point of such a
  peaceful coexistence is the respect and
  tolerant attitude towards each other’ s
  rites and traditions.
Caste system
The Indian caste system has been
in use for many years. Still today
the values of the caste system are
held strongly. It has kept a sense
of order, and peace among the
people. There are five different
levels of the system: Brahman,
Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, and
Harijans. Within each of these
categories are the actual "castes"
or jatis within which people are
born, marry, and die. They all have
their own place among each other
and accept that it is the way to
keep society from disintegrating to
chaos. This system has worked
well for Indian people and still has
a major role in modern India.
At the moment in India there are about 1500
casts. These are absolutely different social types
of people, different education and life
circumstances. But according to the classical
division 4 main castes are distinguished.
The first and the highest caste is Brahmin (also
called Brahman).
This caste comprises priests, intellectuals,
highest teachers.


The next rank is the caste of Kshatriya.
These are soldiers and officials. Today
in India heads of big firms, military men
and civil servants are also included into
this caste.
Another caste is called Vaishya.
This is a very large layer of
merchants, businessmen, bankers,
and some craftsmen.




The last of classical 4 casts of India is
called Shudra.
It comprises defferent
laborers, workers, bus drivers, railway
personal.
Marriage
                                 India is a country of wise traditions and
                                 moral values.
                                 In India in most cases a groom is
                                 chosen by the parents of a bride.
                                 They’re looking for an appropriate young
                                 man very actively offering their terms.
                                 The matter is that a bride has very good
                                 dowry. Its size depends on a groom’s
                                 status: his education, profession, salary
                                 and appearance. If he works abroad it’s
                                 a real treasure for a family.


Though dowry is illegal now,
it still exists. It guarantees
that a daughter will be
treated well in her new
family. Love-match
marriages are rather rare.
The parents of a groom decide if
they accept an offer or decline it.
Then they check the horoscopes
and show their children the photos
of a future wife or husband.
Further a short meeting is
organized when two young people
stay alone for 5-10 minutes and
have the following conversation:
- Do you like me?
- Yes. And you?
- Yes.
Before the wedding a young
couple can get in touch on the
phone or mail and meet at the
braid’s place in the presence of
her parents. In some modern
families they can even live
together.
It’s the family of a bride who pay for a wedding.
Generally, they’re very crowded. This fact proves why the
amount of women is lower than men. A lot of people can’t
afford to give born girls because they have to collect dowry all
their life.




There’s the system in India according to which a groom of a certain
profession has a certain cost. The most expensive ones are doctors
and attorneys, police officers are cheaper and rickshaws are the
cheapest.
Family
           life
After wedding a bride becomes a
member of her husband’s family and
even after his death she continues
to live with his relatives.
For Indian woman her husband is
her God. Unfaithfulness just doesn’t
exist in Indian families. Divorce is
considered to be a serious sin and it
happens extremely rare. The
relationships between men and
women are built on mutual respect
and confidence. Wife and husband
take into consideration the wishes of
each other and do their best for
mutual happiness.
Children
In Indian families children are
grown up in very benevolent
atmosphere. The first words which
they hear from their parents teach
them to be kind towards
everything alive: Don’t blow a dog
or don’t crush an ant. When
children become older they are
taught to respect their parents and
grandparents, treat children kindly
and to be modest.
Since childhood little Indians
understand that they should love
nature, national traditions, their
motherland, religion and family.
They always feel love of their
parents, they live very peacefully
and know that their parents always
support and help them.
Indians are generally very
          On a visit                           accepting people. If people show
                                               a genuine interest in them, most
                                               Indians will welcome them into
                                               their fold without any
                                               reservations. They are also
                                               extremely hospitable and will
                                               forgive most gaffes.
                                               Indians are not very punctual,
                                               nevertheless for guests it is
                                               better to come in time. If a
                                               business partner invited to his
                                               house, a guest can take some
                                               sweets as a gift. Indians put
                                               flower garlands on special guests
                                               as a token of respect.
People should take off shoes before entering the house. They should dress
modestly and conservatively. It’s polite to turn down the first offer of tea,
coffee, or snacks. They will ask again and again. Saying “no” to the first
invitation is part of the protocol.
In a Temple
People should take off their shoes
before entering a temple. In most cases
it’s forbidden to make pictures inside
temples so tourists need permission.
Generally, Indians treat people friendly
and sometimes allow them to visit
religious rituals. According to the
tradition, people should put some
money in a box for donations.
In most places men and women should
seat separately especially in temples.
It’s necessary to stick to this tradition.
In some temples priests can draw
people a red spot on their forehead or
wind a red thread around a wrist. It
serves as an amulet.
It’s considered impolite to seat with
stretched legs in temples, especially
towards a priest, an older person or a
sanctuary. It’s better not to put books on
the floor or near legs.
Indian values
The Indian attitude towards strangers can be ambiguous. In somebody’s eyes
they’re higher than an Indian man himself because Indian thinking is still a
little colonial. For such people a person is a respectable and moneyed
gentleman. At the same time a conservative Indian can despise them. He can
belong to a higher caste so he a priory considers a stranger belonging to the
lower one.
Sometimes it’s better to conceal some things in India.
                                                    For example, Indian people think
                                                    that every person should profess
                                                    any religion. So even if a person is
                                                    an atheist it’s better to become
                                                    religious for a short time.
                                                    It’s seems to Indian very strange
                                                    when tourists travel alone and
                                                    live in cheap hotels because they
                                                    think that all tourist are quite
                                                    reach. If man and woman aren’t
                                                    married it’s better to conceal this
                                                    fact because it’s considered
                                                    indecent.
Humor
Indian people don’t like laugh at
themselves because they take themselves
very seriously. Generally, they like rude
humor and can laugh at somebody’s
awkwardness. Only a few can understand
“black humor”. At the same time
foreigners consider Indian humor flat and
ungraceful.
Cloths and appearance
People in India should wear modestly. It’s forbidden to go into a temple
in shorts, short skirts and t-shirts. In a temple it’s necessary to wear
long dress and cover the head and shoulders.
Indian women braid their hairs or wear them in a bun. It’s considered
impolite to wear loose hair.
The most of married women have a red spot on the forehead (tikka),
wedding rings, and rings on their fingers and in noses, earrings and foot
bracelets. There’re special rules how to wear them so it’s necessary to
be very careful.
Gestu   Indian mannerisms are very different from
        those in the west. One motion that is hard
        to decipher is the movement of the head
res     to denote ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Some Indians shake
        their head from side to side when they
        mean ‘yes’ while some others move it up
        and down to say ‘yes’ and sideways to say
        ‘no’. And then there is a third head
        movement that is hard to describe. It is
        between a nod and a shake, and involves
        moving the head in a kind of a semi-
        circular motion. It means ‘yes’ too but can
        baffle someone who is not aware of its
        existence. Another sometimes perplexing
        practice is plain silence, which could be
        used to mean either ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Often
        keen observation of the body language is
        necessary to throw light on a person’s true
        reactions.
A common way to greet people, especially women, is by folding
your palms together and saying the word ‘Namaste’ softly. This is
not to say that the handshake is not used. It is in fact a common
mode of greeting between men, and also women in professional
circles.
The equivalent of Mr. and Mrs. in India is Sri and Srimathi
respectively. It is common to be addressed as Sri John or Srimathi
Emily, although ‘Mr. and Mrs.’ is also universally used.
Namaste




Namaste, also said as Namaskar by the natives, is a
traditional Indian style of greeting or parting phrase as well as
a gesture.
If you use it, Indians will surely appreciate it.
Error: She shouldn't have invited that Indian man
for a handshake!
Cultural tips
The right hand is valued more in India than the left. It is considered inauspicious to
accept anything with the left hand, especially cash and important documents. Most
Indians eat food with the fingers of their right hand. Using a spoon is relatively
common if you are eating off a plate, but if you are eating off a plantain leaf, like in
some traditional households or at weddings, make sure you use only your right and
never your left hand.
It is impolite to point one’s finger at an object, whistle and wink.
The head is considered the seat of the
soul. People should never touch
someone else’s head, not even pat the
hair of a child.



It’s forbidden to point a feet at a
person. Feet are considered unclean.
If shoes or feet touch another
person, it’s necessary to apologize.



Beckoning someone with the palm up
and wagging one finger can be
explained as in insult. Indians beckon
somebody with the palm down.
Standing with hands on hips will be
interpreted as an angry, aggressive
posture.
Conversation
Indians are very curious by nature. A complete stranger can ask plenty of
questions from what a person is doing in India to what his wife’s parents do for
a living. At the same time, most of them also offer too much information where
little will suffice.

                                                    It’s common in India. The
                                                    influences of Hinduism and
                                                    the tradition of the caste
                                                    system have created a
                                                    culture that emphasizes
                                                    established hierarchical
                                                    relationships. All given
                                                    information help them to
                                                    determine person’s social
                                                    status.
                                                    It means that Indian culture
                                                    is a high context one.
Just Can't Say No
Indians do not like to express 'no,' be it verbally
or non- verbally. Rather than disappoint
people, for example, by saying something isn't
available, Indians will offer them the response
that they think they want to hear. This behavior
should not be considered dishonest. An Indian
would be considered terribly rude if he did not
attempt to give a person what had been asked.
Since they do not like to give negative
answers, Indians may give an affirmative answer
but be deliberately vague about any specific
details.
 For example, if a person asks “Does this road lead to a temple?” the
 answer will be “yes” without any variants. It’s necessary to make up a
 question in a proper way, for example “How can I get to a temple?” They
 don’t like to say “I don’t know” and they show the road with confidence
 even if they haven’t got the slightest idea where is it.
Topics for
                        conversation
In conversation it’s better to avoid political themes and specific Indian problems
such as poverty, dowry or suttee in order not to arise confusion. Themes which
are forbidden in Western countries (illnesses or death) are discussed in India
more openly. Sex and homosexuality are forbidden for discussion either.
Behavior in public




In India it’s indecent to display feelings in public, for example hugs and kisses. Man
and women shouldn’t walk holding each other’s hands. It’s allowed only for wife
and husband and only in case when they’re alone.
Speaking with Indians people should try to control themselves and don’t lose their
temper. Otherwise, they just stop communicating.
If a person doesn’t understand something he should ask his interlocutor slowly
and softly to repeat.
Any form of private behavior in public is considered an insult. Sometimes it’s very
strange to see Indian men hugging or holding each other’s hands. Nevertheless,
it’s forbidden for men and women to behave like this.
Gift Giving Etiquette
 . Indians believe that giving gifts eases the transition into the next life.
 . Gifts of cash are given to friends and members to celebrate life events
such as birth, death and marriage.
 . It is not the value of the gift, but the sincerity with which it is given.
 . If invited to an Indian's home for a meal, it is not necessary to bring a
gift.



 . Do not give frangipani or white flowers
as they are used at funerals.
 . Yellow, green and red are lucky colours,
so try to use them to wrap gifts.
 . A gift from a man should be said to
come from both he and his
wife/mother/sister or some other female
relative.
 . Hindus should not be given gifts made
of leather.
 . Gifts are not opened when received.
Sacred animals
Another exotic trait of India is a great number of cows in the streets of cities
and villages. It is well known that cow is a sacred animal and it is allowed to
roam the streets, cross the roads and do whatever they want. They are pretty
used to the traffic and the rhythm of the city, but it is better not to touch them
and be very careful. Because a murder of cows and beef consumption is
considered to be a grievous sin and can lead to prosecution and even life
sentence.
Monkeys are also worshiped by Indians, they live in special temples dedicated to
them.
Quiz

What caste follows the highest one – Brahmin?
a) Shudra
b) Vaishnya
c) Kshatriya

What colour is used at funerals?
a) white
b) yellow
c) black

What topics are allowed in India?
a) poverty
b) homosexuality
c) death
Sour
                                 ces
India – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette
http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/india-country-
profile.html
Culture of India http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_India
Indian Culture http://www.culturalindia.net/
Indian Mirror http://www.indianmirror.com/
Indian Culture http://library.thinkquest.org/11372/data/culture.htm
Indo-Buddhist culture. India.

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Indo-Buddhist culture. India.

  • 2. Buddhism is a religion and philosophy including a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one"). The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of Indian subcontinent sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BC. The followers of this doctrine called it Dharma. The term “Buddhism” was coined by Europeans in XIX century.
  • 3. The Language Situation India is the most linguistically diverse country in the world. Its 28 states, demarcated primarily on a linguistic basis, speak 22 different languages in over 1500 dialects. The most widely spoken language is Hindi, although some southern states reject it as the primary official language. As a result, English has become the primary medium of communication across the country especially between Hindi and non-Hindi speakers.
  • 4. English is the second official language of India. It is widely spoken by educated people along with Hindi. Usually in hotels and restaurants your English can be easily understood. In south where the general level of education is much higher than in North there is another language used as a medium of communication: Tamil. That is why southern well-educated class should speak three languages: native, Hindi and English. In southern India people don’t understand Hindi, so as a rule they use English. English is the only language comprehensible to all Indians.
  • 5. In local shops and tourist hotspots vendors, taxi drivers, and middlemen speak an ungrammatical version of English – often a word-for-word translation from their native tongue – in an accent that varies according to their mother tongue. Here you may hear sentences like “You from which place” . On the other hand, the English used in official documents is very polite, ornate, and verbose – a straggling remnant of India’s British history.
  • 6. Incredibl e India India is marvelous country, where on the one territory one can observe different cultures, various religious groups, such as Hindus, Moslems, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, and Buddhists. The key point of such a peaceful coexistence is the respect and tolerant attitude towards each other’ s rites and traditions.
  • 7. Caste system The Indian caste system has been in use for many years. Still today the values of the caste system are held strongly. It has kept a sense of order, and peace among the people. There are five different levels of the system: Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, and Harijans. Within each of these categories are the actual "castes" or jatis within which people are born, marry, and die. They all have their own place among each other and accept that it is the way to keep society from disintegrating to chaos. This system has worked well for Indian people and still has a major role in modern India.
  • 8. At the moment in India there are about 1500 casts. These are absolutely different social types of people, different education and life circumstances. But according to the classical division 4 main castes are distinguished. The first and the highest caste is Brahmin (also called Brahman). This caste comprises priests, intellectuals, highest teachers. The next rank is the caste of Kshatriya. These are soldiers and officials. Today in India heads of big firms, military men and civil servants are also included into this caste.
  • 9. Another caste is called Vaishya. This is a very large layer of merchants, businessmen, bankers, and some craftsmen. The last of classical 4 casts of India is called Shudra. It comprises defferent laborers, workers, bus drivers, railway personal.
  • 10. Marriage India is a country of wise traditions and moral values. In India in most cases a groom is chosen by the parents of a bride. They’re looking for an appropriate young man very actively offering their terms. The matter is that a bride has very good dowry. Its size depends on a groom’s status: his education, profession, salary and appearance. If he works abroad it’s a real treasure for a family. Though dowry is illegal now, it still exists. It guarantees that a daughter will be treated well in her new family. Love-match marriages are rather rare.
  • 11. The parents of a groom decide if they accept an offer or decline it. Then they check the horoscopes and show their children the photos of a future wife or husband. Further a short meeting is organized when two young people stay alone for 5-10 minutes and have the following conversation: - Do you like me? - Yes. And you? - Yes. Before the wedding a young couple can get in touch on the phone or mail and meet at the braid’s place in the presence of her parents. In some modern families they can even live together.
  • 12. It’s the family of a bride who pay for a wedding. Generally, they’re very crowded. This fact proves why the amount of women is lower than men. A lot of people can’t afford to give born girls because they have to collect dowry all their life. There’s the system in India according to which a groom of a certain profession has a certain cost. The most expensive ones are doctors and attorneys, police officers are cheaper and rickshaws are the cheapest.
  • 13. Family life After wedding a bride becomes a member of her husband’s family and even after his death she continues to live with his relatives. For Indian woman her husband is her God. Unfaithfulness just doesn’t exist in Indian families. Divorce is considered to be a serious sin and it happens extremely rare. The relationships between men and women are built on mutual respect and confidence. Wife and husband take into consideration the wishes of each other and do their best for mutual happiness.
  • 14. Children In Indian families children are grown up in very benevolent atmosphere. The first words which they hear from their parents teach them to be kind towards everything alive: Don’t blow a dog or don’t crush an ant. When children become older they are taught to respect their parents and grandparents, treat children kindly and to be modest. Since childhood little Indians understand that they should love nature, national traditions, their motherland, religion and family. They always feel love of their parents, they live very peacefully and know that their parents always support and help them.
  • 15. Indians are generally very On a visit accepting people. If people show a genuine interest in them, most Indians will welcome them into their fold without any reservations. They are also extremely hospitable and will forgive most gaffes. Indians are not very punctual, nevertheless for guests it is better to come in time. If a business partner invited to his house, a guest can take some sweets as a gift. Indians put flower garlands on special guests as a token of respect. People should take off shoes before entering the house. They should dress modestly and conservatively. It’s polite to turn down the first offer of tea, coffee, or snacks. They will ask again and again. Saying “no” to the first invitation is part of the protocol.
  • 16. In a Temple People should take off their shoes before entering a temple. In most cases it’s forbidden to make pictures inside temples so tourists need permission. Generally, Indians treat people friendly and sometimes allow them to visit religious rituals. According to the tradition, people should put some money in a box for donations. In most places men and women should seat separately especially in temples. It’s necessary to stick to this tradition. In some temples priests can draw people a red spot on their forehead or wind a red thread around a wrist. It serves as an amulet. It’s considered impolite to seat with stretched legs in temples, especially towards a priest, an older person or a sanctuary. It’s better not to put books on the floor or near legs.
  • 17. Indian values The Indian attitude towards strangers can be ambiguous. In somebody’s eyes they’re higher than an Indian man himself because Indian thinking is still a little colonial. For such people a person is a respectable and moneyed gentleman. At the same time a conservative Indian can despise them. He can belong to a higher caste so he a priory considers a stranger belonging to the lower one. Sometimes it’s better to conceal some things in India. For example, Indian people think that every person should profess any religion. So even if a person is an atheist it’s better to become religious for a short time. It’s seems to Indian very strange when tourists travel alone and live in cheap hotels because they think that all tourist are quite reach. If man and woman aren’t married it’s better to conceal this fact because it’s considered indecent.
  • 18. Humor Indian people don’t like laugh at themselves because they take themselves very seriously. Generally, they like rude humor and can laugh at somebody’s awkwardness. Only a few can understand “black humor”. At the same time foreigners consider Indian humor flat and ungraceful.
  • 19. Cloths and appearance People in India should wear modestly. It’s forbidden to go into a temple in shorts, short skirts and t-shirts. In a temple it’s necessary to wear long dress and cover the head and shoulders. Indian women braid their hairs or wear them in a bun. It’s considered impolite to wear loose hair. The most of married women have a red spot on the forehead (tikka), wedding rings, and rings on their fingers and in noses, earrings and foot bracelets. There’re special rules how to wear them so it’s necessary to be very careful.
  • 20. Gestu Indian mannerisms are very different from those in the west. One motion that is hard to decipher is the movement of the head res to denote ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Some Indians shake their head from side to side when they mean ‘yes’ while some others move it up and down to say ‘yes’ and sideways to say ‘no’. And then there is a third head movement that is hard to describe. It is between a nod and a shake, and involves moving the head in a kind of a semi- circular motion. It means ‘yes’ too but can baffle someone who is not aware of its existence. Another sometimes perplexing practice is plain silence, which could be used to mean either ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Often keen observation of the body language is necessary to throw light on a person’s true reactions.
  • 21. A common way to greet people, especially women, is by folding your palms together and saying the word ‘Namaste’ softly. This is not to say that the handshake is not used. It is in fact a common mode of greeting between men, and also women in professional circles. The equivalent of Mr. and Mrs. in India is Sri and Srimathi respectively. It is common to be addressed as Sri John or Srimathi Emily, although ‘Mr. and Mrs.’ is also universally used.
  • 22. Namaste Namaste, also said as Namaskar by the natives, is a traditional Indian style of greeting or parting phrase as well as a gesture. If you use it, Indians will surely appreciate it.
  • 23. Error: She shouldn't have invited that Indian man for a handshake!
  • 24. Cultural tips The right hand is valued more in India than the left. It is considered inauspicious to accept anything with the left hand, especially cash and important documents. Most Indians eat food with the fingers of their right hand. Using a spoon is relatively common if you are eating off a plate, but if you are eating off a plantain leaf, like in some traditional households or at weddings, make sure you use only your right and never your left hand. It is impolite to point one’s finger at an object, whistle and wink.
  • 25. The head is considered the seat of the soul. People should never touch someone else’s head, not even pat the hair of a child. It’s forbidden to point a feet at a person. Feet are considered unclean. If shoes or feet touch another person, it’s necessary to apologize. Beckoning someone with the palm up and wagging one finger can be explained as in insult. Indians beckon somebody with the palm down. Standing with hands on hips will be interpreted as an angry, aggressive posture.
  • 26. Conversation Indians are very curious by nature. A complete stranger can ask plenty of questions from what a person is doing in India to what his wife’s parents do for a living. At the same time, most of them also offer too much information where little will suffice. It’s common in India. The influences of Hinduism and the tradition of the caste system have created a culture that emphasizes established hierarchical relationships. All given information help them to determine person’s social status. It means that Indian culture is a high context one.
  • 27. Just Can't Say No Indians do not like to express 'no,' be it verbally or non- verbally. Rather than disappoint people, for example, by saying something isn't available, Indians will offer them the response that they think they want to hear. This behavior should not be considered dishonest. An Indian would be considered terribly rude if he did not attempt to give a person what had been asked. Since they do not like to give negative answers, Indians may give an affirmative answer but be deliberately vague about any specific details. For example, if a person asks “Does this road lead to a temple?” the answer will be “yes” without any variants. It’s necessary to make up a question in a proper way, for example “How can I get to a temple?” They don’t like to say “I don’t know” and they show the road with confidence even if they haven’t got the slightest idea where is it.
  • 28. Topics for conversation In conversation it’s better to avoid political themes and specific Indian problems such as poverty, dowry or suttee in order not to arise confusion. Themes which are forbidden in Western countries (illnesses or death) are discussed in India more openly. Sex and homosexuality are forbidden for discussion either.
  • 29. Behavior in public In India it’s indecent to display feelings in public, for example hugs and kisses. Man and women shouldn’t walk holding each other’s hands. It’s allowed only for wife and husband and only in case when they’re alone. Speaking with Indians people should try to control themselves and don’t lose their temper. Otherwise, they just stop communicating. If a person doesn’t understand something he should ask his interlocutor slowly and softly to repeat. Any form of private behavior in public is considered an insult. Sometimes it’s very strange to see Indian men hugging or holding each other’s hands. Nevertheless, it’s forbidden for men and women to behave like this.
  • 30. Gift Giving Etiquette . Indians believe that giving gifts eases the transition into the next life. . Gifts of cash are given to friends and members to celebrate life events such as birth, death and marriage. . It is not the value of the gift, but the sincerity with which it is given. . If invited to an Indian's home for a meal, it is not necessary to bring a gift. . Do not give frangipani or white flowers as they are used at funerals. . Yellow, green and red are lucky colours, so try to use them to wrap gifts. . A gift from a man should be said to come from both he and his wife/mother/sister or some other female relative. . Hindus should not be given gifts made of leather. . Gifts are not opened when received.
  • 31. Sacred animals Another exotic trait of India is a great number of cows in the streets of cities and villages. It is well known that cow is a sacred animal and it is allowed to roam the streets, cross the roads and do whatever they want. They are pretty used to the traffic and the rhythm of the city, but it is better not to touch them and be very careful. Because a murder of cows and beef consumption is considered to be a grievous sin and can lead to prosecution and even life sentence. Monkeys are also worshiped by Indians, they live in special temples dedicated to them.
  • 32. Quiz What caste follows the highest one – Brahmin? a) Shudra b) Vaishnya c) Kshatriya What colour is used at funerals? a) white b) yellow c) black What topics are allowed in India? a) poverty b) homosexuality c) death
  • 33. Sour ces India – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/india-country- profile.html Culture of India http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_India Indian Culture http://www.culturalindia.net/ Indian Mirror http://www.indianmirror.com/ Indian Culture http://library.thinkquest.org/11372/data/culture.htm