5. Defined as:_
• An uncontrolled,
uncoordinated, excessive
and abnormal growth of
cells is called cancer.
6. Benign Vs. Malignant
• Does not spread
• Rarely life threatening
• Can be removed
• Spreads to other parts
of the body
• Life threatening
• Can be removed, but
it may grow back
7. Types of Cancer
• Benign
• Malignant
– Carcinoma
• epithelial origin
• E.g. squamous cell carcinoma
– Sarcoma
• Mesenchymal origin
8. Oral cancer
• Defined as:_
Indurated, ulcerated lump or sore that
may or may not be painful and is often
associated cervical lymph adenopathy.
9.
10. Why is it such an important public
health issue?
• Closely associated with tobacco and alcohol.
• 2nd most common cause of death
• In 2003-according to world health report 7.1
million deaths were reported.
• Estimated 50% increase in death rate in next 20
years.
• In Bangladesh, Sirilanka and Pakistan most
common type of cancer.
• And 1/3rd of all the cancers.
11. Signs and Symptoms
• Sores that do not heal
within 14 days
• Bleeding in mouth
• Lump in neck
• Earache
• Loose teeth
• Dentures will not fit
well
• Pain or numbness in
mouth
• Difficulty chewing or
swallowing
• Bad breath
• Patches on the lip or
in the mouth that are
red, white, or a
mixture of both
13. Host factors
1. Age
– Incidence increases with age.
– 98% cases in the west are over 40yrs old.
– More than 50% of cases include ages above 50yrs.
2. Gender
– Incidence is more in
• Men
• Industrial areas
– Women have more incidence of lip carcinoma
– Men have high incidence of buccal carcinoma
3. Occupation
–
Textile workers and leather industries have high incidence of
buccal cavity and larynx carcinoma.
14. Host Factors
4. Immunity
– AIDS patients are prone to Kaposi carcinoma.
5. Social Class
6. Custom and habits
7. Race
15. Agent Factors
• Biological
– HIV
– Candida
• Chemical
– Arsenic,dyes,nickel,chromium
• Mechanical
– Ill fitting dentures
– Sores from jagged teeth
19. Risk Factors
• Tobacco is the main culprit
– Mainly chewing tobacco
– 75% of those diagnosed are tobacco users.
• Alcohol 2nd largest risk factor
• Combination of alcohol and tobacco use
– 15x greater risk for oral cancer
• Excessive sun exposure
– Lip cancer
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Oral Cancer
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20. Risk Factors
• X-rays
– Cumulative exposure
• Other biological factors
– Viruses and fungus
– HPV 16
• Main agent in cervical cancer
• Now has been linked to oral cancer
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Oral Cancer
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21. Tobacco
• Its an important risk factor of oral cancer.
• 90% of cancers are caused by tobacco
• Tobacco can be broadly classified into smokeless
and smoking forms.
39. What you can do:
•
•
•
•
•
Make yourself aware or your mouth
Stop smoking and drinking excessively
Be informed
Have a good diet and stay healthy
Behavioural modification
40. Prevention as a dentist
• Regular check up
• Suspected patients be thoroughly checked
• Patient should be educated about the preventive
aspects of oral cancers including
– Behavioral
– Physical
– community
