Instant history photography morrissey

Instant History Lesson: Photography
Ms. M. Morrissey – Grade 8 Visual Arts

PHOTOGRAPHY
pho·tog·ra·phy n
1. the art, hobby, or profession of taking photographs,
and developing and printing the film or processing the
digitized array image
2. the process of recording images by exposing light-
sensitive film or array to light or other forms of
radiation
PHOTO = light GRAPHY = writing

Instant History Lesson
When: timeline of events
Who: artists & scientists
What: equipment & art
Look for the key points made in colour!

1490
The Camera Obscura,
(translated as “dark room”),
dates back to the Chinese
philosopher Mo-Ti in the 5th
century BC.
Reinerus Gemma-Frisius 1544
First documentation of the camera obscura is by
Leonardo DaVinci in his 1490 writings.
The physics behind this technology is simple: light
reflects off objects outside; light bounces off the
objects and channels into a small hole; the light enters
a dark room and projects the outside objects upside
down on a wall inside.

1614
Angelo Sala, a Dutch
scientist,
experimented with
“silver salts”.
He published results
in 1614 that powdered
silver nitrate turns as
black as ink when
exposed to sun.
1567-1637

1661
Many chemists contributed
to the advancement of the
early work of Angelo Sala.
Robert Boyle, a founder of
the Royal Society of
Photography, reported in
1661 that silver chloride
turned dark due to exposure,
at first thought due to air.
Boyle is known today for
“Boyles Law” which states
that “the volume of a gas at
constant temperature is
proportional to its pressure”.
1627-1691

1727
Johann Heinrich Schulze, a
professor of anatomy,
discovered in 1727 that
“silver salts”, specifically a
piece of chalk dipped in
silver nitrate, turned black
from white when exposed to
the sun. The unexposed side
remained white. He
experimented creating crude
photographic impressions,
but eventually it all turned
black due to exposure.
1687-1744

1802
The first well-documented attempts
to produce photos using light
sensitive materials in a camera
were those of Thomas Wedgwood.
Assisted by Sir Humphrey Davy,
Wedgwood started experiments in
1795 and described his work in an
1802 published paper entitled “An
Account of a Method of Copying
Paintings Upon Glass, and of
Making Profiles, by the Agency of
Light Upon Nitrate of Silver”
Although he made remarkable
progress, he failed in keeping the
image permanent. He called the
images “sun prints”.
1771-1805

1826
The first successful picture is
produced by Joseph Nicephore
Niepce in 1826 required an 8
hour exposure time.
It was a photo of a view from the
Niece family house in Gras,
France. Niece calling his
pictures “heliographs” or sun
drawing.
1776-1833

1835
William Henry Fox Talbot
developed permanent paper
negatives in 1835. He calls it
”calotype” process, which
allows for multiple printings,
based on a paper negative.
It is of a lesser quality than
the succeeding
Daguerreotype. Even though
the Daguerreotype enjoyed
more success during the
early days of photography,
the calotype system was the
true forerunner of today’s
modern photography
process.
1780-1877

1839
Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre first
exposed silver-coated copper plates to
iodine, obtaining silver iodide. Then he
exposed them to light for several
minutes. After that he coated the plate
with mercury vapor heated to 75
｡
Celsius, to amalgamate the mercury
with the silver, finally fixing the image
in salt water. These ideas led to the
famous Daguerreotype developed in
1839.
Niece and Daguerre go into a 10-year
partnership after Daguerre discovers a
method to shorten exposure time to a
half hour. Niece dies four years later
and Daguerre carries on to invent
glass plates and discovers that an
image can be made permanent by
immersing it in salt.
1787-1851

1842
The cyanotype process was
developed by Sir John Herschel
in 1842. Herschel undertook
many early experiments in
photography. He and Talbot
corresponded regularly. The
calotype process became more
popular around 1900.
Photographers sometimes used
it as a means of getting a quick
initial print or 'blueprint' of their
work, perhaps making it in a
hotel bedroom on location,
before returning to their studio
to make their final print.
1832-1940

1879
In 1880 George Eastman
begins to commercially
manufacture dry plates
following his emulsion-coating
machine invention in 1879
enabling the mass-production of
photographic dry plates. This is
the beginning of the Kodak
empire with the launch of the
Eastman Dry Plate Company.
1854-1932

1888
George Eastman then
introduces the "Kodak" box
Camera in 1888 for the
amateur market. It is
loaded with 100 exposures
on a film roll for $25. It is
simple to operate with a
three step process. Once
exposed, the camera and
the film are sent back to
the Eastman Dry Plate and
Film Co. for developing.
1854-1932

1893
Thomas Edison commissions W. K. L. Dickson to invent a motion-
picture camera in 1887. In 1893 Dickson produces the
Kinetograph camera. This device ensured intermittent but regular
motion of the film strip with a regularly perforated celluloid film
strip to ensure precise synchronization between the film strip and
the shutter.
1854-1932 1860-1935

Photographs 1824-1890
Photogram
c. 1824
Heliograph
c. 1826
Calotype
c. 1860
Daguerretype
c. 1860
Tintype
c. 1860
Glass Plate
c. 1890
Early equipment, simple composition, limited subject matter.

Kinescope
c. 1899
Kodak Film
c. 1909
Kodak no. 3
c. 1910
Film
c. 1912
Advancing equipment, composed compositions, expanding subject matter.

Film with studio lighting
c. 1924
Negative manipulation
c. 1969
c. 1978 c. 1986
c. 1932
c. 1940
Varying equipment, creative compositions, entertaining subject matter.

c. 1988
c. 2000
c. 2004
c. 2006
c. 1991 c. 1996
Advanced equipment, artistic compositions, limitless subject matter.

Now go make history!

Instant history photography morrissey

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