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Notes lab 04b the atom structure
1.
2. Each element is pure, it has its own
unique type of atom, which is
identified by its atomic number.
(1 – 118)
Everything is made up from these
elements or combinations thereof
3. The smallest particle of an element
is an atom.
The atom is the basic building block
of matter
It usually has no electric charge or
has a neutral charge
The atom is actually mostly empty
space!
4. The atom consists of 3 subatomic
particles that differ in their
location, electrical charge and
relative mass.
▪Proton
▪ Neutron
▪Electron
5. The Proton
Found in the nucleus of the atom.
The largest particle, almost equal
in mass to the Neutron.
It is a positively charged particle
(p+
)
6. The Neutron
Also found in the nucleus.
Almost equal in mass to the
Proton.
It has no charge (n0
) it is NEUTRAL
7. The Electron
Found outside the nucleus in the
”Electron Cloud” and also in the
outermost energy level “The Valence”
Much smaller than the proton or
neutron, having almost no mass.
It is negatively charged (e-
)
9. The outer energy level
electrons for each type
of atom. Number from
1 – 8.
They create a type of
“shell” around the atom
that allows for atomic
bonding.
At 8 valence electrons,
an atom can not bond
10. Every atom has
a name and
corresponding
number called
“The Atomic
Number” on the
“Periodic Table
of Elements”
The Atomic
Number is equal
to the number of
protons in the
atom’s nucleus.
It can’t ever
change
11. The number of
Protons in the
nucleus is also
(99.99% of the
time) the same as
the number of
total electrons in
the electron cloud
+ valence
This is why atoms
have no electrical
charge.
An equal number
of positive and
negative charges
produces a
neutral charge
12. The mass of an
atom (Atomic
Mass) comes
from the Nucleus
of the atom
In the nucleus, one
will find all the
protons and
possibly neutrons
Each proton has a
mass of 1 Atomic
Mass Unit, each
Neutron also has a
mass of 1 AMU
13. The list of atoms and their properties are
presented on the Periodic Table of
Elements
Each atom has a box with a unique
symbol to represent it on the Periodic
Table
The Symbol uses a capital letter and
sometimes a lower case letter to
represent each atom
15. How do I find out the number of valence
electrons?
Just look at the Group/Family
number’s singles digit.
The one’s digit in the group number is
the number of valence electrons for
each atom in that group/family
16. How do I find the number of Neutrons in
the nucleus of an atom?
Round the atomic mass to an even
number (Mass Number)
Subtract the atomic number from the
mass number
