1. RENAISSANCE &

2. RENAISSANCE
 “Rebirth”
 Artistic movement in Europe
from 1300-1600
 Starts in Italy
 New ways of thinking about art
and the world
 Revived classical ideas of
Greece and Rome

3. HUMANISM
 Focus on humans and their potential for
achievement
 Well-rounded people
 Importance of the individual
 How was this different from thinking
during the Middle Ages?

4. WHY ITALY?
 Wealthy cities
 Florence, Milan, Venice
 Trade routes between Europe & Asia went through northern Italy
 Wealthy merchants became patrons of the arts

5. ADVANCES IN THE ARTS
 Perspective gives art depth & realism
 Bright colors & broad strokes
 Large domes for churches
 Writers focus on real-life

8. RENAISSANCE SPREADS
 English and French monarchs support the arts
 Artistic achievement a source of pride

9. THE PRINTING PRESS
 Johann Gutenberg
 Mid-1400s; Germany
 Prints complete version of Bible in 1455
 500 books in 5 months

10. THE RENAISSANCE: WAS IT A THING?
 Only the upper classes were involved
 Most lower and middle class people lived as they
always had
 New ideas did not reach the poor

11. THE REFORMATION
 Movement of the 1500s to change the Roman Catholic
Church
 Starts in Germany
 Protestant Reformation
 Questioning of church practices and church corruption

12. THE GREAT SCHISM

13. CHURCH CORRUPTION
 Church owns 1/5 of all land in Europe
 Most Europeans pay taxes to the Church
 Selling of indulgences

14. MARTIN LUTHER
 German monk
 Concerned about
indulgences
 Catholic church a
corruption of the
Christian religion

15. 95 THESES
 Bible the only source of religious truth
 People do not need clergy to interpret the Bible
 Salvation through faith only

16. CHURCH REACTION
 Pope Leo X & HRE
Charles V threaten to
punish if Luther does not
retract
 Luther joins with others to
continue his reform efforts

17. PEACE OF AUGSBURG

18. CALVINISM
 French reformer
 Predestination:
 Christians can do nothing to
earn salvation

19. CHURCH OF ENGLAND
 King Henry VIII wants a
divorce
 Pope will not grant
 King starts Church of England
(Anglican)
 Rejects power of the pope

20. COUNTER-REFORMATION
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
 Truth comes from Bible &
Church tradition
The Jesuits
 Founded by Ignatius of Loyola
(1530s)
 Obedience and discipline
 Inspired by Thomas Aquinas

21. COUNTER-REFORMATION
The Inquisition
 Court to find and punish those who stray from
Catholic teachings
 Intimidate and torture people to confess sins
 Pope creates list of banned books to be burned
 Outlaws non-Latin translations of Bible
 Only clergy allowed to read Bible

22. CHRISTIANITY SPREADS
Catholic Missionaries
 Franciscans – St. Francis of Assisi
 Dominicans – Dominic of Osma

23. LEGACY OF REFORMATION
 Religious wars between Catholics
& Protestants
 Protestant belief in self-governing
churches
 Influence American government