4. Legend: Aeneas settles in Rome after
Trojan War
His descendants, Romulus & Remus
found Rome
History: 600s BC: Etruscans conquer
Rome
509 BC: Etruscan king overthrown &
republic established
5.
6. Hills & Rivers
Built on 7 steep hills
What advantages did the land near Rome offer?
Farm Life
Live in simple huts of mud or timber
What values did Roman farmers share?
7.
8. Republic lasted 500 years
Conflict between patricians & plebeians
450 BC: Constitution written (12 Tables)
Three Branches of Government
9. Executive
2 consuls
Commanded army & directed gov’t for one
year
Power of veto
Legislative
Senate:
Assemblies:
Judicial
8 judges served for one year
10. Leader with absolute power.
Used in times of crisis
Appointed for a short time.
458 BC: Cincinnatus made
dictator
Defeated the enemy & returned
power in one day
11.
12.
13. By 275 BC: dominate central Italy & Greece
How did the Romans treat these conquered
people?
14.
15. Three wars with North African city-state Carthage
Starts 264 BC
Rome wins all three wars
Highlights
2nd: Hannibal invades Rome with elephants
3rd: Rome destroys Carthage and enslaves its people
17. General, politician, dictator
Captures Gaul
Wants to help the poor
Popularity makes others
nervous
44 BC: Senate names him
dictator for life
Expands the Senate
Creates jobs for the poor
18. Senators fear Caesar's growing power
March 15, 44 BC: assassinated on the Senate floor
What happens after Caesar is killed?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FvgP5hO99o
19.
20. Adopted son of Julius Caesar
27 BC: Becomes first emperor
How did Augustus rule?
21. “Peace of Rome”
Lasted 200 years
2 million square miles
300,000 men in army
Public works projects
By 100s AD: Empire stretches from Spain to
Mesopotamia; N. Africa to Britain
22.
23. Agriculture
Most Romans farmers
Industry
Manufactured:
Trade
Land and sea trade routes
throughout Mediterranean
What’s not grown is traded for
24.
25. What is currency?
What are the advantage of currency?
26.
27. Father was the head of the household
Women ran household and raised children
Could not vote
Wealthy boys educated at private schools
Girls married at age 14
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juWYhMoDTN0
(Teenage life)
28. Who was in the new middle class?
1/3 of population slaves
Most did physical labor
Slave revolts common, but usually unsuccessful
29.
30. Hundreds of nature spirits
Idea of gods in human form from Etruscans
Specific gods from the Greeks
Priests were government officials
Emperors worshiped as gods
31.
32. 1 million people (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population)
What problems existed in the city of Rome?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrIEwjgfbYs (3D tour)
33. Large homes in countryside
Attended theater and threw dinner parties
What foods were served at Roman dinner parties?
34.
35. Problem: free-flowing human waste
Solution:
Problem: lack of fresh water
Solution:
Problem: many Romans dirty
Solution:
36. “Bread and Games”
Rome gave free grain to the poor
Entertainment at public areas
Chariot races at the Circus Maximus
Gladiator fights in the Coliseum
What did Romans like about these contests?
Gladiator Youtube
14:55
Hunger Games
37. 63 BC: Rome conquers
Jewish kingdoms in Judea
Jewish sacred writings
promise a Messiah
What did the Jews believe
about the promised
Messiah?
38.
39. Jewish
Born in Bethlehem, grew up in Nazareth
Traveling preacher with many followers who
believed him to be the promised Messiah.
40. What was Jesus’ message?
How did Jesus teach his lessons?
41. A threat to the Roman
Empire.
Roman Pontius Pilate
condemns Jesus to death.
Jesus rises from death,
proving his divinity.
42. Church encouraged charity, helping the poor,
equality
Gentiles (non-Jews) also convert to Christianity
Debate over whether Christians should follow
Jewish law
At first, Rome ignores Christianity
43.
44. Saul converts on the road to
Damascus
Expert in Jewish law
Roman citizen. Why did this help?
Took advantage of the Pax
Romana to spread Christianity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4ZJxb4uW-E
45. Gentiles need not follow Jewish law to be Christians
Wrote epistles (letters) to churches throughout the
Mediterranean
Paul explained Christian beliefs and encouraged
conversion
46. Arrested by the Romans in
Jerusalem
60 AD: House arrest in
Rome for two years
Dies in Rome
Most influential Christian
missionary