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  1 of 39                        © Boardworks Ltd 2007
Where in the world?
How does a cell resemble a city?




  2 of 39                          © Boardworks Ltd 2007
What do cells contain?




  3 of 39                © Boardworks Ltd 2007
Animal or plant?




  4 of 39          © Boardworks Ltd 2007
Exploring animal cells




  5 of 39                © Boardworks Ltd 2007
Exploring plant cells




  6 of 39               © Boardworks Ltd 2007
What is a cell wall?




The plant cell wall is made
from cellulose



 maintain the shape and structure of the cell

 prevent damage to the cell caused by excess water intake.

Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is freely
permeable to water and other molecules.


   7 of 39                                          © Boardworks Ltd 2007
What is a vacuole?
The vacuole is a fluid–filled
sac found within plant cells
and some bacteria.

The vacuole has a range of
functions, including:

 storing waste products
 maintaining the water and pH balance of the cell
 regulating the turgor pressure of the cell.

The site of vacuoles depend on how much water the plant
has absorbed.

   8 of 39                                      © Boardworks Ltd 2007
What are chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis
in plant cells.

A green pigment in chloroplasts
called chlorophyll absorbs the
energy in sunlight.




                                               thylakoids




  9 of 39                                     © Boardworks Ltd 2007
10 of 39   © Boardworks Ltd 2007

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Scale of the Universe Game Walkthrough

  • 2. Where in the world? How does a cell resemble a city? 2 of 39 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
  • 3. What do cells contain? 3 of 39 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
  • 4. Animal or plant? 4 of 39 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
  • 5. Exploring animal cells 5 of 39 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
  • 6. Exploring plant cells 6 of 39 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
  • 7. What is a cell wall? The plant cell wall is made from cellulose  maintain the shape and structure of the cell  prevent damage to the cell caused by excess water intake. Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is freely permeable to water and other molecules. 7 of 39 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
  • 8. What is a vacuole? The vacuole is a fluid–filled sac found within plant cells and some bacteria. The vacuole has a range of functions, including:  storing waste products  maintaining the water and pH balance of the cell  regulating the turgor pressure of the cell. The site of vacuoles depend on how much water the plant has absorbed. 8 of 39 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
  • 9. What are chloroplasts? Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells. A green pigment in chloroplasts called chlorophyll absorbs the energy in sunlight. thylakoids 9 of 39 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
  • 10. 10 of 39 © Boardworks Ltd 2007

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology Animal and Plant Cells Teacher notes This illustration contains several discussion points relating to cell structure, and could form the basis of a debate about the similarity between a cell and a city/country. For example, both cells and cities/countries: produce their own power: represented by pink/red buildings (mitochondria) have a central controlling organisation: represented by tall building in centre (nucleus) have border controls: represented by perimeter wall (membrane/wall) have storage facilities: represented by the harbour and lakes (vacuoles) import food and gas: represented by oil tankers some can produce their own food: represented by green building (chloroplast) export waste: represented by dumper trucks have good communication links with neighbours: represented by communications satellites (neurones and hormones) have good defence: represented by heavily-armoured ships and white boats (white blood cells)
  2. Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology Animal and Plant Cells Teacher notes This activity could be used to gauge students’ existing knowledge of the major organelles in animal and plant cells.
  3. Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology Animal and Plant Cells Teacher notes Appropriately coloured voting cards could be used with this classification activity to increase class participation.
  4. Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology Animal and Plant Cells Teacher notes This click and reveal activity could be used to check students’ understanding of the organelles found in animal cells.
  5. Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology Animal and Plant Cells Teacher notes This click and reveal activity could be used to check students’ understanding of the organelles found in plant cells.
  6. Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology Animal and Plant Cells
  7. Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology Animal and Plant Cells Teacher notes Some animal cells have a small/temporary vacuole involved in digestion or secretion.
  8. Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology Animal and Plant Cells Teacher notes Chloroplasts are between 2 µm and 10 µm in diameter.