1. Underpinnings

2. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

3. 3 point clue
Early document based on majoritarian rule.
2 point clue
1 point clue

4. 3 point clue
Early document based on majoritarian rule.
2 point clue
First governing document in America.
1 point clue

5. 3 point clue
Early document based on majoritarian rule.
2 point clue
First governing document in America.
1 point clue
Written by those who came over on the Mayflower.

6. Mayflower Compact
3 point clue
Early document based on majoritarian rule.
2 point clue
First governing document in America.
1 point clue
Written by those who came over on the Mayflower.

7. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

8. 3 point clue
Contains concepts of preservation of civil liberties, the abolition of
slavery, and the rule of law
2 point clue
1 point clue

9. 3 point clue
Contains concepts of preservation of civil liberties, the abolition of
slavery, and the rule of law
2 point clue
Written by Montesquieu in 1748 advocating separation of powers
1 point clue

10. 3 point clue
Contains concepts of preservation of civil liberties, the abolition of
slavery, and the rule of law
2 point clue
Written by Montesquieu in 1748 advocating separation of powers
1 point clue
Document dealing with the spirit of government.

11. Spirit of Laws
3 point clue
Contains concepts of preservation of civil liberties, the abolition of
slavery, and the rule of law
2 point clue
Written by Montesquieu in 1748 advocating separation of powers
1 point clue
Document dealing with the spirit of government.

12. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

13. 3 point clue
Drafted at the second Continental congress. The clause against
slavery was removed before it was approved.
2 point clue
1 point clue

14. 3 point clue
Drafted at the second Continental congress. The clause against
slavery was removed before it was approved.
2 point clue
List of grievances against King George III
1 point clue

15. 3 point clue
Drafted at the second Continental congress. The clause against
slavery was removed before it was approved.
2 point clue
List of grievances against King George III
1 point clue
Document written by Jefferson declaring independence from England

16. Declaration of
Independence
3 point clue
Drafted at the second Continental congress. The clause against
slavery was removed before it was approved.
2 point clue
List of grievances against King George III
1 point clue
Document written by Jefferson declaring independence from England

17. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

18. 3 point clue
Led by Hamilton and in favor of the National Bank
2 point clue
1 point clue

19. 3 point clue
Led by Hamilton and in favor of the National Bank
2 point clue
Group for the ratification of the Constitution
1 point clue

20. 3 point clue
Led by Hamilton and in favor of the National Bank
2 point clue
Group for the ratification of the Constitution
1 point clue
Party that came to oppose the Anti-Federalists

21. Federalists
3 point clue
Led by Hamilton and in favor of the National Bank
2 point clue
Group for the ratification of the Constitution
1 point clue
Party that came to oppose the Anti-Federalists

22. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

23. 3 point clue
plan that would have created a legislative branch that gave the larger states
more power
2 point clue
1 point clue

24. 3 point clue
plan that would have created a legislative branch that gave the larger states
more power
2 point clue
Counter to the New Jersey plan
1 point clue

25. 3 point clue
plan that would have created a legislative branch that gave the larger states
more power
2 point clue
Counter to the New Jersey plan
1 point clue
Plan proposed by Virginia delegates at the Constitutional Convention

26. Virginia Plan
3 point clue
plan that would have created a legislative branch that gave the larger states
more power
2 point clue
Counter to the New Jersey plan
1 point clue
Plan proposed by Virginia delegates at the Constitutional Convention

27. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

28. 3 point clue
Applied to the states under the incorporation doctrine via the 14th
amendment
2 point clue
1 point clue

29. 3 point clue
Applied to the states under the incorporation doctrine via the 14th
amendment
2 point clue
A condition of the Anti-Federalist dominated states for the ratification
of constitution
1 point clue

30. 3 point clue
Applied to the states under the incorporation doctrine via the 14th
amendment
2 point clue
A condition of the Anti-Federalist dominated states for the ratification
of constitution
1 point clue
First ten amendments

31. Bill of Rights
3 point clue
Applied to the states under the incorporation doctrine via the 14th
amendment
2 point clue
A condition of the Anti-Federalist dominated states for the ratification
of constitution
1 point clue
First ten amendments

32. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

33. 3 point clue
The framers didn’t trust this form of government because they didn’t trust
the masses
2 point clue
1 point clue

34. 3 point clue
The framers didn’t trust this form of government because they didn’t trust
the masses
2 point clue
The type of government used in Greece
1 point clue

35. 3 point clue
The framers didn’t trust this form of government because they didn’t trust
the masses
2 point clue
The type of government used in Greece
1 point clue
Type of democracy where decisions are made by the masses

36. Direct Democracy
3 point clue
The framers didn’t trust this form of government because they didn’t trust
the masses
2 point clue
The type of government used in Greece
1 point clue
Type of democracy where decisions are made by the masses

37. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

38. 3 point clue
Advocated by Federalist # 51
2 point clue
1 point clue

39. 3 point clue
Advocated by Federalist # 51
2 point clue
Meant to keep one branch or person from becoming too powerful
1 point clue

40. 3 point clue
Advocated by Federalist # 51
2 point clue
Meant to keep one branch or person from becoming too powerful
1 point clue
Meant to keep the branches of government apart

41. Separation of Powers
3 point clue
Advocated by Federalist # 51
2 point clue
Meant to keep one branch or person from becoming too powerful
1 point clue
Meant to keep the branches of government apart

42. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

43. 3 point clue
Meant to inform the public about the safeguards in the Constitution to
protect people’s rights and check ambition
2 point clue
1 point clue

44. 3 point clue
Meant to inform the public about the safeguards in the Constitution to
protect people’s rights and check ambition
2 point clue
Federalist paper written by Madison about separation of powers and
Checks and balances
1 point clue

45. 3 point clue
Meant to inform the public about the safeguards in the Constitution to
protect people’s rights and check ambition
2 point clue
Federalist paper written by Madison about separation of powers and
Checks and balances
1 point clue
One of the most studied Federalist papers along with Federalist #10

46. Federalist # 51
3 point clue
Meant to inform the public about the safeguards in the Constitution to
protect people’s rights and check ambition
2 point clue
Federalist paper written by Madison about separation of powers and
Checks and balances
1 point clue
One of the most studied Federalist papers along with Federalist #10

47. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

48. 3 point clue
Author of the Second Treatise on Government
2 point clue
1 point clue

49. 3 point clue
Author of the Second Treatise on Government
2 point clue
Father of the idea of natural rights
1 point clue

50. 3 point clue
Author of the Second Treatise on Government
2 point clue
Father of the idea of natural rights
1 point clue
English Enlightenment contemporary of Hobbes

51. John Locke
3 point clue
Author of the Second Treatise on Government
2 point clue
Father of the idea of natural rights
1 point clue
English Enlightenment contemporary of Hobbes

52. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

53. 3 point clue
Combined ideas of Edmund Randolph and William Paterson
2 point clue
1 point clue

54. 3 point clue
Combined ideas of Edmund Randolph and William Paterson
2 point clue
Resulted in bicameral legislature
1 point clue

55. 3 point clue
Combined ideas of Edmund Randolph and William Paterson
2 point clue
Resulted in bicameral legislature
1 point clue
Solved conflict between big states and small states

56. Great Compromise
3 point clue
Combined ideas of Edmund Randolph and William Paterson
2 point clue
Resulted in bicameral legislature
1 point clue
Solved conflict between big states and small states

57. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

58. 3 point clue
Proposed to simply amend Articles of Confederation
2 point clue
1 point clue

59. 3 point clue
Proposed to simply amend Articles of Confederation
2 point clue
Proposed that each state have one vote in Congress
1 point clue

60. 3 point clue
Proposed to simply amend Articles of Confederation
2 point clue
Proposed that each state have one vote in Congress
1 point clue
Favored by small states

61. New Jersey Plan
3 point clue
Proposed to simply amend Articles of Confederation
2 point clue
Proposed that each state have one vote in Congress
1 point clue
Favored by small states

62. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

63. 3 point clue
Met in Philadelphia in 1787
2 point clue
1 point clue

64. 3 point clue
Met in Philadelphia in 1787
2 point clue
They had to decide issues of slavery and representation
1 point clue

65. 3 point clue
Met in Philadelphia in 1787
2 point clue
They had to decide issues of slavery and representation
1 point clue
They wrote the Constitution

66. The Framers
3 point clue
Met in Philadelphia in 1787
2 point clue
They had to decide issues of slavery and representation
1 point clue
They wrote the Constitution

67. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

68. 3 point clue
An idea credited to Montesquieu
2 point clue
1 point clue

69. 3 point clue
An idea credited to Montesquieu
2 point clue
For example, Supreme Court justices are nominated by the president and
approved by Congress
1 point clue

70. 3 point clue
An idea credited to Montesquieu
2 point clue
For example, Supreme Court justices are nominated by the president and
approved by Congress
1 point clue
The power of one branch of government to block acts by the other
two branches

71. Checks and Balances
3 point clue
An idea credited to Montesquieu
2 point clue
For example, Supreme Court justices are nominated by the president and
approved by Congress
1 point clue
The power of one branch of government to block acts by the other
two branches

72. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

73. 3 point clue
More liberal justices tend to use one
2 point clue
1 point clue

74. 3 point clue
More liberal justices tend to use one
2 point clue
Alexander Hamilton used this, and thought it allowed the establishment of
a National Bank
1 point clue

75. 3 point clue
More liberal justices tend to use one
2 point clue
Alexander Hamilton used this, and thought it allowed the establishment of
a National Bank
1 point clue
Not a literal interpretation of the Constitution

76. Loose Interpretation
3 point clue
More liberal justices tend to use one
2 point clue
Alexander Hamilton used this, and thought it allowed the establishment of
a National Bank
1 point clue
Not a literal interpretation of the Constitution

77. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

78. 3 point clue
Stated that an absolute monarch is needed to maintain order
2 point clue
1 point clue

79. 3 point clue
Stated that an absolute monarch is needed to maintain order
2 point clue
Expressed belief that people give up their freedom for protection
by the government
1 point clue

80. 3 point clue
Stated that an absolute monarch is needed to maintain order
2 point clue
Expressed belief that people give up their freedom for protection
by the government
1 point clue
Written by Thomas Hobbes in 1651

81. Leviathan
3 point clue
Stated that an absolute monarch is needed to maintain order
2 point clue
Expressed belief that people give up their freedom for protection
by the government
1 point clue
Written by Thomas Hobbes in 1651

82. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

83. 3 point clue
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
2 point clue
1 point clue

84. 3 point clue
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
2 point clue
Written by Rousseau
1 point clue

85. 3 point clue
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
2 point clue
Written by Rousseau
1 point clue
Focused on value of a social contract, saying it must be based on popular
sovereignty to have legitimacy

86. The Social Contract
3 point clue
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
2 point clue
Written by Rousseau
1 point clue
Focused on value of a social contract, saying it must be based on popular
sovereignty to have legitimacy

87. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

88. 3 point clue
Product of the Second Continental Congress
2 point clue
1 point clue

89. 3 point clue
Product of the Second Continental Congress
2 point clue
Lacked a judicial branch and used a unicameral legislature
1 point clue

90. 3 point clue
Product of the Second Continental Congress
2 point clue
Lacked a judicial branch and used a unicameral legislature
1 point clue
First US Constitution

91. Articles of Confederation
3 point clue
Product of the Second Continental Congress
2 point clue
Lacked a judicial branch and used a unicameral legislature
1 point clue
First US Constitution

92. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

93. 3 point clue
Believed England had a model government because it had Parliament, a
king, and courts
2 point clue
1 point clue

94. 3 point clue
Believed England had a model government because it had Parliament, a
king, and courts
2 point clue
Author of Spirit of the Laws
1 point clue

95. 3 point clue
Believed England had a model government because it had Parliament, a
king, and courts
2 point clue
Author of Spirit of the Laws
1 point clue
Advocated separation of powers

96. Montesquieu
3 point clue
Believed England had a model government because it had Parliament, a
king, and courts
2 point clue
Author of Spirit of the Laws
1 point clue
Advocated separation of powers

97. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

98. 3 point clue
Proposed narrowing jurisdiction of Supreme Court and creating a council
to review the president’s actions
2 point clue
1 point clue

99. 3 point clue
Proposed narrowing jurisdiction of Supreme Court and creating a council
to review the president’s actions
2 point clue
Some wanted a Bill of Rights
1 point clue

100. 3 point clue
Proposed narrowing jurisdiction of Supreme Court and creating a council
to review the president’s actions
2 point clue
Some wanted a Bill of Rights
1 point clue
Opposed a strong central government

101. Antifederalists
3 point clue
Proposed narrowing jurisdiction of Supreme Court and creating a council
to review the president’s actions
2 point clue
Some wanted a Bill of Rights
1 point clue
Opposed a strong central government

102. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

103. 3 point clue
mostly affected the Southern states
2 point clue
1 point clue

104. 3 point clue
mostly affected the Southern states
2 point clue
dealt with the representation of non-citizens
1 point clue

105. 3 point clue
mostly affected the Southern states
2 point clue
dealt with the representation of non-citizens
1 point clue
resolved the question of how to count slaves
in the population

106. 3/5 Compromise
3 point clue
mostly affected the Southern states
2 point clue
dealt with the representation of non-citizens
1 point clue
resolved the question of how to count slaves
in the population

107. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

108. 3 point clue
not the form of government used in New
England town hall meetings
2 point clue
1 point clue

109. 3 point clue
not the form of government used in New
England town hall meetings
2 point clue
the framers thought of the United States as
this, as opposed to a democracy
1 point clue

110. 3 point clue
not the form of government used in New
England town hall meetings
2 point clue
the framers thought of the United States as
this, as opposed to a democracy
1 point clue
involves representation, unlike direct
democracy

111. Republic
3 point clue
not the form of government used in New
England town hall meetings
2 point clue
the framers thought of the United States as
this, as opposed to a democracy
1 point clue
involves representation, unlike direct
democracy

112. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

113. 3 point clue
Jefferson looked at the Constitution in this
way
2 point clue
1 point clue

114. 3 point clue
Jefferson looked at the Constitution in this
way
2 point clue
Hamilton did not favor this manner of
interpreting the Constitution
1 point clue

115. 3 point clue
Jefferson looked at the Constitution in this
way
2 point clue
Hamilton did not favor this manner of
interpreting the Constitution
1 point clue
the opposite of a loose interpretation

116. Strict Interpretation
3 point clue
Jefferson looked at the Constitution in this
way
2 point clue
Hamilton did not favor this manner of
interpreting the Constitution
1 point clue
the opposite of a loose interpretation

117. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

118. 3 point clue
included by Jefferson in the Declaration of
Independence, although with one substitution
2 point clue
1 point clue

119. 3 point clue
included by Jefferson in the Declaration of
Independence, although with one substitution
2 point clue
conceived by several philosophers including
John Locke
1 point clue

120. 3 point clue
included by Jefferson in the Declaration of
Independence, although with one substitution
2 point clue
conceived by several philosophers including
John Locke
1 point clue
life, land, and liberty

121. Natural Rights
3 point clue
included by Jefferson in the Declaration of
Independence, although with one substitution
2 point clue
conceived by several philosophers including
John Locke
1 point clue
life, land, and liberty

122. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

123. 3 point clue
written by Madison
2 point clue
1 point clue

124. 3 point clue
written by Madison
2 point clue
talked about a predecessor of interest groups
1 point clue

125. 3 point clue
written by Madison
2 point clue
talked about a predecessor of interest groups
1 point clue
admitted that factions were not likely to be eliminated

126. Federalist Paper #10
3 point clue
written by Madison
2 point clue
talked about a predecessor of interest groups
1 point clue
admitted that factions were not likely to be eliminated

127. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

128. 3 point clue
used in modern day terms to protest Washington DC’s lack of
representation in Congress as well as during Tea Party
protests
2 point clue
1 point clue

129. 3 point clue
used in modern day terms to protest Washington DC’s lack of
representation in Congress as well as during Tea Party
protests
2 point clue
a popular opinion as a result of the Stamp Act
1 point clue

130. 3 point clue
used in modern day terms to protest Washington DC’s lack of
representation in Congress as well as during Tea Party
protests
2 point clue
a popular opinion as a result of the Stamp Act
1 point clue
being taxed without being represented in
government

131. No taxation without
representation
3 point clue
used in modern day terms to protest Washington DC’s lack of
representation in Congress as well as during Tea Party
protests
2 point clue
a popular opinion as a result of the Stamp Act
1 point clue
being taxed without being represented in
government

132. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

133. 3 point clue
the author of this pamphlet supported the
Pennsylvania constitution
2 point clue
1 point clue

134. 3 point clue
the author of this pamphlet supported the
Pennsylvania constitution
2 point clue
influenced thoughts of independence
1 point clue

135. 3 point clue
the author of this pamphlet supported the
Pennsylvania constitution
2 point clue
influenced thoughts of independence
1 point clue
written by Thomas Paine

136. Common Sense
3 point clue
the author of this pamphlet supported the
Pennsylvania constitution
2 point clue
influenced thoughts of independence
1 point clue
written by Thomas Paine

137. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

138. 3 point clue
thought that life without laws was “solitary,
poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
2 point clue
1 point clue

139. 3 point clue
thought that life without laws was “solitary,
poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
2 point clue
along with Locke, thought that people would give
up some freedom to gain security and order
1 point clue

140. 3 point clue
thought that life without laws was “solitary,
poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
2 point clue
along with Locke, thought that people would give
up some freedom to gain security and order
1 point clue
wrote Leviathan

141. Hobbes
3 point clue
thought that life without laws was “solitary,
poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
2 point clue
along with Locke, thought that people would give
up some freedom to gain security and order
1 point clue
wrote Leviathan

142. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

143. 3 point clue
written in 1215
2 point clue
1 point clue

144. 3 point clue
written in 1215
2 point clue
forced King John of England to observe the rights of
freemen and accept that his will could be bound by the law
1 point clue

145. 3 point clue
written in 1215
2 point clue
forced King John of England to observe the rights of
freemen and accept that his will could be bound by the law
1 point clue
was a document that influenced the
Constitution

146. Magna Carta
3 point clue
written in 1215
2 point clue
forced King John of England to observe the rights of
freemen and accept that his will could be bound by the law
1 point clue
was a document that influenced the
Constitution

147. 3 point clue
2 point clue
1 point clue

148. 3 point clue
states that the President should restrict himself/herself to
the specific powers listed in the Constitution
2 point clue
1 point clue

149. 3 point clue
states that the President should restrict himself/herself to
the specific powers listed in the Constitution
2 point clue
Presidents who follow this model are generally considered
to be weaker than those who follow the Jeffersonian Model
1 point clue

150. 3 point clue
states that the President should restrict himself/herself to
the specific powers listed in the Constitution
2 point clue
Presidents who follow this model are generally considered
to be weaker than those who follow the Jeffersonian Model
1 point clue
this manner was first demonstrated by
Madison

151. Madisonian Model
3 point clue
states that the President should restrict himself/herself to
the specific powers listed in the Constitution
2 point clue
Presidents who follow this model are generally considered
to be weaker than those who follow the Jeffersonian Model
1 point clue
this manner was first demonstrated by
Madison