Intra-household dynamics play a critical role in the transmission of poverty. Instead of focusing on poverty, the paper argues, development practice should channel its efforts towards fostering intergenerational wealth creation. Therefore, a clear understanding of intra-household and community dynamics of poverty transmission is an essential starting point for designing effective socio-economic development interventions.

1. Intergenerational Transmitted Poverty & Wealth Creation Towards a Lifecourse Approach to Community Development; Lessons for South Africa Mthokozisi Sidambe& James Chakwizira October 2008

2. Outline of Presentation Core Rural Development Challenges Poverty & Wealth Life Testimony Definitions Why focus on Intergenerational transfer of poverty and wealth (ITPW) Unemployment trends Percentage of people living below R250 per month poverty lines Persons below MLL (Eastern Cape Example) Chronic and Transient Poverty: The Continuum Classes of the Poor The substances being transferred Parent to Child Intergenerational Transfer of Wealth and Poverty Prerequisites for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods and Development Care’s Livelihood Security Model Life course Perspective to Poverty Alleviation Dalisoka Primary School, EC Life Story of a Girl Child Minibus Taxi Industry and the BBBEE footprints in South Africa Marrying Theory and Practice: An Example Possible Strategic and Practical Life Course Interventions Concluding Remarks

3. Why focus on Intergenerational transfer of poverty and wealth (ITPW)? Growth and Development History Decades of consistent attack on poverty MDGs Transfer of poverty and wealth (ITPW) Lessons & options

4. Poverty & Wealth Life Testimony ‘’You want to know to how I define poverty. How can you ask that question when you yourself see that I live in poverty? The definition of poverty is right in front of you. Look at me, I stay alone. I don’t have enough food. I have no decent clothing or accommodation. I have no clean water nearby to drink. Look at my swollen leg. I can’t get to the clinic, which is too far for me to walk. So what kind of definition do you expect me to give you which is better than what you are seeing with your naked eyes?’’ (Sachikonye 2003: Preface).

8. Road length/ km2

9. Population density

10. Electricity and water provision

11. Dependency ratio

12. Pupil/ teacher ratio

13. Unemployment

14. Poverty gap

15. Etc...and addressing the high concentrations of poverty & associated social needs in the deep rural economy environments High Med-high Medium Med-low Low Deep rural – developmental environments Core Challenge for Rural Dev. Addressing the Access Divide … AND

16. Persons Below MLL – Eastern Cape Province (an example)

17. Chronic and Transient Poverty: The Continuum Classes of the Poor

18. The Substances being Transferred Source: Moore, K. (2001:10)

19. Parent to Child Intergenerational Transfer of Wealth and Poverty Source: Moore, K. (2001:5)

21. Lifecourse perspective to poverty alleviation CROSS-CUTTING Gender, Disabled, HIV/AIDS (Health and well-being), Environmental Conservation, Good Governance Accessibility – access to all basic human needs e.g. education, health etc Childhood Level & type of LC intervention Infancy Pre-Natal Adulthood Old-age (Twilight) Teenage X 0 Age & life phase Schools Access Curricula SET Health Interventions Education & Awareness Nutrition Employment Jobs LED Career Guidance Safety Nets Living Pension (Old-age grants) INTERVENTIONS BBBEE At the Moment BBBEE is looking at this phase. Our proposal – stretch it – it’s a continuum

22. Possible Strategic and Practical Life Course Interventions Indigenous Knowledge Systems Appropriate Technology Education P - Political E - Economic S - Social T - Technical P – Physical L – Legal E - Ecological G – Globilisation (Need to pay attention to all these in LC public interventions) Life Course Perspective to Poverty Alleviation Labour intensive job employment e.g. EPWP Strengthening local capacity and institutions Partnerships

23. Need for Multi-disciplinary approach To Life course Interventions Concluding Remarks and Thoughts Interface Between Theory & Practice Collective Learning & Action (R&D Demo Projects etc) Intergrated & Comprehensive Packages Sustainable Development & Communities

24. Thank you … Mthokozisi Sidambe Email: mthokozisi.sidambe@gmail.com James Chakwizira, CSIR Email: jameschakwizira@yahoo.com