2. BIOGRAFÍA • María Montessori nació en Chiaravalle, Italia el 31 de agosto 1870. • Se graduó de medicina en 1884, en la Universidad de Roma, convirtiéndose así en la primera mujer médico en Italia, • En su práctica médica, sus observaciones clínicas la condujeron a analizar cómo los niños aprenden, y que construyen su aprendizaje a partir de lo que existe en el ambiente. • El 31 de marzo 1896 nace su hijo Mario. • En 1902 empieza sus estudios de pedagogía, psicología experimental y antropología. • Constante investigadora; dicta varias conferencias sobre los métodos educativos para niños afectados por deficiencias mentales. • Crea en Roma la Escuela Ortofrénica, de la cual fue directora hasta 1900. • Su primera “Casa deiBambini”, fue inaugurada en 1907 y se convierte en el origen del método educativo Montessori.
3. • En 1909 dicta el primer curso de formación profesional. • En 1911 deja la consulta médica y se dedica al trabajo pedagógico. • En 1913 inaugura la Asociación Educativa Montessori en Washington, DC, Estados Unidos y da conferencias sobre su trabajo con los niños • En 1915, También en U.S.A, atrapa la atención del mundo con su trabajo del aula, llamado "la casa de cristal" y condujo cursos de aprendizaje para profesores. • En 1917 el gobierno español la invita a inaugurar un instituto de investigación. • En 1919, comienza a dictar una serie de cursos de aprendizajes a los profesores en Londres. • Durante el régimen de Mussolini, Montessori, acusó públicamente la doctrina fascista de "formar a la juventud según sus moldes brutales"; por esta razón abandona su tierra en 1933, estableciéndose posteriormente en Barcelona. • En 1947 fundó el "Centro Montessori" en Londres • Es nominada para el premio Nobel, en tres oportunidades distintas: 1949, 1950, y 1951. • En 1951 se retira de su vida como conferencista. • Luego de 14 años de exilio, regresó a Italia para reorganizar las escuelas e ingresar como docente a la Universidad de Roma. • María Montessori falleció de una hemorragia cerebral el 6 de mayo de 1952, en Noordwijk, Holanda, próxima a cumplir los 82 años.
5. Según María Montessori la libertad es ciertamente muy importante, pero para conquistarla los niños tienen que trabajar de forma independiente y respetuosa. Los niños participan de manera activa en su proceso de desarrollo y aprendizaje y pueden autodirigirse con inteligencia y elegir con libertad. En un ambiente Montessori el orden, el silencio y la concentración son la constante. Los maestros imparten las lecciones individualmente o en pequeños grupos abordando una amplia variedad de temas de acuerdo con los intereses del alumno. Los ejercicios pueden repetirse infinidad de veces al ser programados de manera individual permitiendo la comprensión mediante la repetición.
7. La metodología Montessori tiene una sólida y fundamentada trayectoria desde hace más de 90 años. Según María Montessori, los niños absorben como “esponjas” todas las informaciones que requieren y necesitan para su actuación en la vida diaria. El niño aprende a hablar, escribir y leer de la misma manera que lo hace al gatear, caminar, correr, etc, es decir, de forma espontánea. Con el método Montessori los niños aprenden a leer, escribir, contar y sumar antes de completar los 6 años, con un seguimiento adecuado en el hogar y la escuela.
8. “Ayúdame a hacerlo por mí mismo.” “Ayúdame a hacerlo por mí mismo.” Valorarlo, fe, confianza, paciencia. Valorarlo, fe, confianza, paciencia. Cada niño marca su propio paso o velocidad Cada niño marca su propio paso o velocidad Formar a la juventud según sus moldes brutales Formar a la juventud según sus moldes brutales El niño es el padre del hombre. El niño es el padre del hombre. “salvación se encuentra en el niño” “salvación se encuentra en el niño” “Demos al niño una visión de todo el universo”. “Demos al niño una visión de todo el universo”.
9. ESTOS SON: incorrección, autoedición, educación liberadora, educación de los sentidos, afecto, actividad y seguridad, Naturaleza, libertad y formación, la práctica de la Moral Viva, Educación en la paz y por la paz.. PRINCIPIOS BASICOS Entre otros puntos, Montessori dice que la educación se basa en un triángulo: Ambiente Amor Niño-Ambiente El amor se refiere al respeto, la libertad con responsabilidad, con límites y estructura. Valorarlo, fe, confianza, paciencia. Conocer sus necesidades. Empatía. PROPUESTAS EDUCATIVAS
10. OBRAS El arroz con coco (1912) Antropología pedagógica (1913) Método avanzado Montessori (2 vols., 1917) El niño en la Iglesia (1929) La misa explicada a los niños (1932) Paz y Educación (1934) El secreto de la infancia (1936)
Notes de l'éditeur
Custom animation effects: line sweeps in picture and text(Basic)To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in theSlides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Lines click Line (first option from the left).On the slide, press and hold SHIFT, and then drag to draw a straight, vertical line.Select the line. Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, in the Shape Width box, enter 7.5”.Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the ShapeStyles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click LineColor in the left pane. In the LineColor pane, select Solidline, click the button next to Color, and then under ThemeColors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click LineStyle in the left pane. In the LineStyle pane, in the Weight box, enter 2 pt.Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the ShapeStyles group, click ShapeEffects, point to Glow, and then under GlowVariations click Accent color 1, 5 pt glow (first row, first option from the left). Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the ShapeStyles group, click ShapeEffects, point to Glow, point to MoreGlowColors, and then under ThemeColors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click AlignCenter.Click AlignMiddle.On the slide, select the line. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Drag the duplicate line slightly off the right edge of the slide.With the duplicate line still selected, on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide. Click Align Middle.On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Picture. In the InsertPicture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert.On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 7.5” and the Width box is set to 5”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.ClickAlignRight.ClickAlignMiddle.To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following:On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click TextBox. On the slide, drag to draw a text box.Enter text in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following:In the Font list, select Arial.In the FontSize list, select 28.Click Bold.Click the button next to FontColor, and then under ThemeColors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click AlignTextRight to align the text right in the text box. Drag the text box onto the left half of the slide.To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 40%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click CustomAnimation. Select the line off the right edge of the slide. In the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click AddEffect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Basic, click FlyIn.Select the animation effect (fly-in effect for the second line). Under Modify: Fly In,do the following:In the Start list, select After Previous.In the Direction list, select FromLeft.In the Speed list, select Fast.On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane.In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the first line you created (in the middle of the slide). In the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click AddEffect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Basic, click FlyIn.Select the second animation effect (fly-in effect for the first line). Under Modify: Fly In,do the following:In the Start list, select AfterPrevious.In the Direction list, select FromRight.In the Speed list, select Fast.On the slide, select the picture. In the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click AddEffect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Basic, click Wipe.Select the third animation effect (wipe effect for the picture). Under Modify: Wipe,do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Direction list, select FromRight.In the Speed list, select Fast.On the slide, select the text box. In the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click AddEffect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Basic, clickFlyIn.Select the fourth animation effect (fly-in effect for the text box). Under Modify: Fly In,do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Direction list, select FromRight.In the Speed list, select Fast.
Custom animation effects: spinning clip art with text(Intermediate)To reproduce the clip art on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in theSlides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Clip Art.In the Clip Art pane, in the Search for box, enter j0435540. In the Search in list, select Everywhere, and then click Go. Select the clip art file in the pane to insert it into the slide. (Note: If you choose another clip art file, the clip art must be in the Windows Metafile format [.wmf].)On the slide, select the clip art. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:In the Shape Height box, enter 5.83”.In the Shape Width box, enter 8.12”.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.In the Microsoft Office PowerPoint dialog box, click Yes. On the slide, select the converted clip art. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the top-level group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup. Also in the Selection and Visibility pane, select the Autoshape object, and then press DELETE. Press CTRL+A to select all of the objects on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Preset, and then under Presets click Preset 8 (second row, fourth option from the left). With the group still selected, under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and do the following:On the Size tab, in the Height box, enter 6.27”.On the Size tab, in the Width box, enter 6.27”.On the Position tab, in the Horizontal box, enter 3.89”. On the Position tab, in the Vertical box, enter 1.55”To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click TextBox.Drag to draw a text box on the slide.In the text box, enter text and select it. On the Home tab, in the Font group do the following:In the Font list, select Candara.In the FontSize box, enter 32 pt.In the FontColor list, under StandardColors select Orange (third option from the left). Click Italic. Select the text box on the slide, and then under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:In the ShapeHeight box, enter 7.29”.In the ShapeWidth box, enter 7.29”.Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the WordArtStyles group, click TextEffects, point to Transform, and under FollowPath select ArchUp (first option from the left).To wrap the text upside down, at the bottom of the text box, drag the pink adjustment diamond from the center left position in the text box to the lower right corner of the text box. With the text box still selected, under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and then on the Position tab do the following:In the Horizontal box, enter 3.38”. In the Vertical box, enter 1.04”.To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the Animation tab, in the Animations group, click CustomAnimation.Select the circle clip art on the slide, and then in the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click AddEffect, point to Emphasis effect and select MoreEffects. In the AddEmphasisEffect dialog box, under Basic select Spin, and then click OK.Click the arrow to the right of the spin emphasis effect, select Effect Options,and do the following:On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, select QuarterSpin.On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, select Counterclockwise.On the Timing tab, in the Start list, select WithPrevious.On the Timing tab, in the Speed box enter4.0 seconds.Click OK.On the slide, select the text box, and then in the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click the AddEffect, point to Entrance and select MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade, and then click OK.Select the fade entrance effect (second effect), and under Modify: Fade do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Speed list, select Slow. With the text box still selected, click AddEffect, point to Emphasis and select MoreEffects. In the AddEmphasisEffect dialog box, under Basic select Spin, and then click OK.Select the spin emphasis effect (third effect), and under Modify: Spin do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Amount list, select HalfSpin.In the Speed list select Slow. With the text box still selected, click AddEffect, point to Emphasis and select MoreEffects. In the AddEmphasisEffect dialog box, under Basic select Spin, and then click OK.Click the arrow to the right of the spin emphasis effect (fourth effect), select Effect Options,and do the following:On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, in the Custom box enter 30°, and then press ENTER.On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, select Counterclockwise.On the Timing tab, in the Start list, select WithPrevious.On the Timing tab, in the Delay box enter 3.0 seconds.On the Timing tab, in the Speed box enter1 seconds (Fast).Click OK.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.In the Direction, list click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left)Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors clickBlack, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
