The voluntary sector in 2016
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This document summarizes statistics about the voluntary sector in the UK. It finds that most voluntary organizations are small, with over 80,000 organizations having incomes below £10,000. Total voluntary sector income was £43.9 billion in 2013/14, with most sources of income increasing except for some government grants. Volunteer rates remain high, with over 40% of people volunteering at least once a month. The voluntary sector employs over 827,000 people.
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The voluntary sector in 2016
- 1. THE VOLUNTARY SECTOR IN 2016 NICK OCKENDEN 24TH JUNE 2016 WWW.NCVO.ORG.UK @NICKOCKENDEN
- 2. THE VOLUNTARY SECTOR’S ECONOMY IS DOMINATED BY LARGE CHARITIES, BUT MOST ORGANISATIONS ARE SMALL Source: NCVO, TSRC, Charity Commission Income band Micro < £10k Small £10-100k Medium £100k-£1m Large £1m-£10m Major £10-£100m Super- major > £100m Number of organisations 81,104 54,477 22,150 4,613 581 40 Annual income £0.2bn £1.9bn £6.8bn £12.9bn £14.0bn £8.0bn There are 162,965 voluntary organisations in the UK
- 3. 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Individual Government Voluntary sector Investment Private sector National Lottery MOST SOURCES OF INCOME INCREASED IN 2013/14 Sources of voluntary sector income, 2000/01 to 2013/14 (£m, 2013/14 prices) Source: NCVO, TSRC, Charity Commission £19.4bn £15bn
- 4. EARNED INCOME FROM INDIVIDUALS CONTINUES TO INCREASE Types of income from individuals, 2000/01 to 2013/14 (£m, 2013/14 prices) Source: NCVO, TSRC, Charity Commission 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Voluntary and legacies Earned £10bn £9.4bn
- 5. 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 Grants Contracts GOVERNMENT INCOME HAS INCREASED SLIGHTLY BUT HAS NOT REACHED 2009/10 LEVELS Government income from grants and contracts, 2001/01 to 2013/14 (£m, 2013/14 prices) Source: NCVO, TSRC, Charity Commission £12.2bn £2.8bn
- 6. GOVERNMENT INCOME PREDOMINANTLY INCREASED IN THE SUPER-MAJOR CATEGORY Change in government income by income band, 2012/13 to 2013/14 (£m, 2013/14 prices) Source: NCVO, TSRC, Charity Commission
- 7. 85% OF VOLUNTARY SECTOR EXPENDITURE WAS ON CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES AND GRANT-MAKING Spending breakdown, 2013/14 Source: NCVO, TSRC, Charity Commission
- 8. THE VOLUNTARY SECTOR EMPLOYS 827,000 PEOPLE Number of employees in Tesco, the voluntary sector, and the NHS in 2015 Source: Labour Force Survey, Tesco, NHS
- 9. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2001 2003 2005 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 At least once a month At least once a year VOLUNTEERING LEVELS REMAIN HIGH Rates of formal volunteering, 2001 to 2014/15 (%) Source: Citizenship and Community Life Surveys 42% 27%
- 10. DEPARTMENTAL SPENDING CUTS Spending Review 2015: Day-to-day Spending Cuts Since 2010/11 Source: IFS -79% -70% -42% -44% -45% -45% -36% -12% -26% -12% -3% -12% 10% 39% 18% -100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% Local government DEL Transport Business DWP,HMT,HMRC Justice Defra Culture Scotland, Wales, N.I Home Office Total RDEL Education Defence Health International development Cabinet office Change in resource DEL (cumulative) 2010-11 to 2019-20 2015-16 to 2019-20
- 15. NCVO UK Civil Society Almanac https://data.ncvo.org.uk/ The Road Ahead www.ncvo.org.uk info@ncvo.org.uk 15
Notes de l'éditeur
- There are just under 163,000 (162,965) voluntary organisations in the UK We undertake analysis according to different income bands Small organisations dominate the sector in terms of numbers, but hold the minority of the income The largest charities are few in number but have the majority of the income Charities with an annual income of more than £10m account for less than half a percentage of the total number of charities in the UK But are responsible for just over half of the total annual income of the sector We have seen a continued growth in the very largest charities Which is why we have created a new category, a super-major income band for those charities that have an annual income of more than £100m
- All types of income have increased between 2012/13 and 2013/14, except for the national lottery which fell slightly
- Income from individuals is the largest source of income for the voluntary sector – the trend is one of continued growth Individual donations, legacies, Earned income (e.g. charity shops and membership fees) In 2013/14 the voluntary sector received £19.4bn income from individuals
- Total income from government = £15bn for 2013/14 Two clear trends here – increasing amounts of government income being directed through contracts, and much less through grants The recent decline in government grants has now levelled off, but remains at low level and below its historic peak
- Most of the rise in income in the sector has been seen amongst organisations within the super-major income band (those with an annual income of more than £100m) Between 2012/13 and 2013/14, the income of these super-major charities increased by £1.7bn, and their government income they received increased by £447m The small and medium-sized organisations have not seen such a rise We recently explored this in relation to work with Lloyds Foundation for England and Wales, in which our analysis found organisations with an annual income between £100K and £1m were more financially unsecure and volatile
- Turning to spending… As discussed, spending has increased to £41.7bn in 2013/14
- 827,000 people were employed in the voluntary sector in the UK in June 2015 Equivalent to 2.7% of the UK workforce For comparison, the NHS is the single largest employer in the UK with 1.6m employees Tesco is the largest private sector employer with 314,000 employees in the UK Continues to be dominated by women, females making up 66% of the total workforce
- There are other ways to look at the value of the sector, beyond finances Volunteers remain the lifeblood of the sector Data drawn from the Community Life Survey here – we do secondary analysis on the datasets Currently 42% of adults report volunteering formally (through a group, club or organisation) at least once a year, and 27% say they do so regularly (at least once a month) These rates of volunteering are high and have remained stable over the past decade. Marked increase in young people volunteering (50% increase in the past five years; rising from 23% in 2010/11 to 35% in 2014/15)– key area of potential growth for volunteering
- Cuts in government spending will clearly have a big impact on the basis that around 33% of the sector’s total income is from government Even though the majority of charities receive no government funding, they are still part of the same public service ecosystem and will feel the knock on effect of cuts This chart from the IFS shows spending changes for this parliament in the light blue colour, and spending changes across both this parliament and the last parliament in purple. The good news is that key public services departments such as health and education have been largely protected. As you can see though other important departments such as DWP and Justice will experience cuts of over 40% between 2010/11 and 2019/20.
- Challenge for the voluntary sector is not just due to funding The other side of the equation is demand In addition to short term drivers of demand, such as the recession and reductions in public sector expenditure, the UK is also facing some important long term trends. The most important of which is the aging population. Falling fertility rates, rising life expectancy and retirement of the baby boomer generation mean that the ratio of working age people to pensioners will drop from 3.2:1 to 2.7:1 in 2037. With the elderly being the fastest growing age group in Britain, increasing pressure is being put on healthcare and social services. And that’s before we even get to changing expectations. 20 years ago the average person visited their GP 3 times a year. That has now doubled to an average of 6 times per year It’s also likely to affect how people can get involved, for example by volunteering – with people working later in life or looking after grandchildren more, will a group of volunteers much of the sector has come to rely on simply not be willing or able to participate in the same way as their parents? I think organisations need to be doing more to plan for and respond to these changes, particularly with regard to things like volunteering – most of the focus has been on young people, but these changes with older people could have a massive impact, and the sector is not really looking at it yet
- The ways in which people are participating and getting involved will change. Some will be driven by people having less time, others by developments in technology which can facilitate new forms of engagement – e.g. micro-volunteering through smartphones Good gym is an interesting example of social action, using technology – it connects runners with isolated older people. Technology can and will continue to change how organisations function and behave Charities should regularly review their digital capabilities, infrastructure, opportunities, and risks Particularly with regard to things like the risk of data security breaches
- Charities are under the spotlight as never before These headings will, I’m sure, be familiar Over the past 18 months or so charities have been popping up in the news for all the wrong reasons – with regular media stories on fundraising, pay, campaigning, investments, administrative costs and more. Public trust in charity, while still high, has started to decline – none of us want this to continue Major developments such as the independent Etherington Review of fundraising which made a number of major recommendations such as the development of a fundraising preference service (and opting in proposals), the new fundraising regulator (which is established and has recently launched its website), merging of the Inst of Fundraising and the Public Fundraising Regulatory Association (PFRA) – major emphasis throughout on the role of trustees and good governance There will be a move to greater transparency and accountability, and trustees and managers of charities will need to ensure their organisation’s activities stand up to scrutiny
- This is an example of a campaign by the Charity Defense Council in the US I’d be interested if such an approach could work here – there has been much positive work by organisations such as Charity Comms, and NCVO continues to champion the sector Helpful reminder that we need to keep our beneficiaries at the heart of what we all do, and the impact that we have on them We also mustn’t forget that the sector exists to do good, to make the greatest possible difference, and we need to proudly tell people about that