Workshop Proceedings (Part 1)

Mauritius Breadfruit Sector Consortium
First Partnership Inception
Workshop

Workshop Report

9th & 10th February 2012
Food and Agricultural Research Council (FARC),
Reduit, Mauritius

Supported by the PAEPARD Project

First Partnership Inception Workshop Report February 2012

Table of Contents

Introduction ..............................................................................................................................2
Day 1 – Introduction to PAEPARD and establishment of Knowledge Base ......................3
Welcome and Introduction of Participants ............................................................................. 3
Introduction to the PAEPARD Project................................................................................... 3
The Mauritius Breadfruit Sector Consortium ........................................................................ 6
.
The Value-Chain Approach ................................................................................................... 7
Participants’ Expectations from workshop ............................................................................ 7
Demonstration of the use of the wiki ..................................................................................... 9
Workshop Activities & Introduction to Group Work .......................................................... 10
Team Building Activity ........................................................................................................ 12
Group work sessions (Part 1) – Participatory development of the knowledge-base ............ 12
Day 2 – Value-chain approach, roles of the stakeholders and way forward ....................14
Recap of Day 1 and continuation of group presentations .................................................... 14
Group work (Part 2) – Consolidation of knowledge, technology and skills assets .............. 14
Group Work (Part 3) - Breadfruit Value-Chain Approach and Analysis ............................. 14
Linkages among themes along the value chain .................................................................... 14
Refining the questions we are asking ourselves ................................................................... 15
Validation of the Breadfruit Value-Chain stakeholders ....................................................... 15
Results of the group work sessions .......................................................................................16
Discussion and Way Forward ...............................................................................................37
Closing remarks .....................................................................................................................38
Annex I – List of Participants ................................................................................................ 39
Annex II – Workshop Programme ........................................................................................ 40
Annex III – List of Stakeholder Institutions of the Breadfruit Sector ................................... 41
Annex IV: Review of the literature ....................................................................................... 42
Annex V: Evaluation of the workshop .................................................................................. 43

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Introduction
The Mauritius Breadfruit Sector Consortium organized a two-day Partnership Inception
Workshop on 9th and 10th February 2012 at the Food and Agricultural Research Council,
Reduit. This workshop is supported and is part of the Platform for African-European
Partnership on Agricultural Research for Development (PAEPARD) Project, which is
facilitating this collaboration among various stakeholders in the Breadfruit Sector in
Mauritius as well as European Partners (African-European Partnership).

The stakeholders present at the workshop were from research institutions, the University of
Mauritius, farmer organisations, breadfruit exporters, breadfruit growers, the Ministry of
Agro-Industry and Food Security (plant protection and propagation) and the private sector.
The workshop was facilitated by two external facilitators who have been selected and trained
by PAEPARD.

The overall objectives of the workshop were for stakeholders to:

 Get to know each other
 Understand the PAEPARD project
 Appreciate the importance of partnership within the consortium
 Understand and apply the value-chain approach
 Participate actively in different group activities
 Establish a framework for effective partnership

During the two days of the workshop, the participants were exposed to presentations and
group activities in line with the workshop objectives.

The presentations served to increase awareness and understanding of the PAEPARD project
support, the proposed concept note and the principles behind the implementation of the
Consortium activities. The group activities were formulated to improve mutual understanding
among stakeholders along the breadfruit value chain in Mauritius and promote a collaborative
spirit among the participants.

This report covers the proceedings of the two-day workshop held on 9th and 10th February
2012 as well as the background materials used during the workshop.

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Day 1 – Introduction to PAEPARD and establishment of Knowledge Base
The first day of the workshop was focused on getting to know about the PAEPARD project,
the Breadfruit Sector Consortium and the establishment of a knowledge base on breadfruit.
PowerPoint presentations were delivered by the Facilitators, followed by group activities to
establish the knowledge base in a collaborative and participatory manner.

Welcome and Introduction of Participants
The workshop was opened by Mr. K. Bheenick, Programme Manager at the Food and
Agricultural Research Council (FARC), lead partner of the breadfruit sector consortium and
convener of the workshop. He welcomed the participants and explained the importance of
holding this workshop. He laid stress on the common visioning aspect of the consortium
partners who are from different sectors of the breadfruit value chain. He also acknowledged
the assistance of PAEPARD in the funding of the workshop and added that after this two-day
workshop another one would follow in about a month’s time. He explained that the FARC’s
vision was that the consortium activities lead to the elaboration of a National Breadfruit
Programme, which could later be extended to a regional level where breadfruit planting
programmes are being implemented. Each participant was then requested to present
himself/herself and give a brief over-view of the work being done on breadfruit by their
respective organizations (see list of participants in Annex I). After the introductions, Mr. K.
Bheenick went over the Agenda of Day 1 (Annex II) for the participants to have an idea of
how the day was going to be and wished the participants all the best for the rest for the two-
day workshop.

Introduction to the PAEPARD Project
The first presentation was on introduction to the PAEPARD Project, which was presented by
Mr. T. Gunesh, one of the workshop facilitators. The presentation was focused on the
PAEPARD Project, its context, objectives, expected results, major activities and how the
concept note from Mauritius was selected during the PAEPARD second call for concept
notes. Mr. T. Gunesh laid accent on the requirement of the PAEPARD project for the
involvement of non research stakeholders in Agricultural Research for Development. He
talked on the need for demand-driven partnerships and added that following the Partnership

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Inception Workshops, PAEPARD would be organizing a write-shop for writing of proposals
for the themes identified with a view to get funding from financing institutions. It was also
mentioned that among the 69 concept notes that were received by PAEPARD, 10 consortia
were selected based on different criteria and the Mauritius consortium was among the 10
selected ones. The federating themes of the European and African partnerships, as well as the
list of concept notes selected by PAEPARD were presented (Fig 1).

Figure 1. Introduction to the PAEPARD Project and selection process of concept notes

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Figure 1(contd). Introduction to the PAEPARD Project and stages in the process of selection
of concept notes

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The Mauritius Breadfruit Sector Consortium
The second presentation was made by Mrs. I. Boodhram, the concept note applicant. She
gave a brief overview of the concept note submitted by the Mauritian Consortium, entitled
“Micro propagation and cultivation of in vitro breadfruit plants and development of novel
products from breadfruit as an alternative source of carbohydrates in Mauritius”. Breadfruit
has been chosen as it is a crop that provides a lot of opportunities; be it in terms of fresh
produce or transformed product, that is, gluten-free flour among others. It has the potential of
being an income generating plant for small households as well as for small scale orchards.
Mrs Boodhram explained to the participants that the concept note had been submitted
following consultations with a few of the stakeholders and partners and that this workshop,
with its extended consultation with stakeholders, provided an excellent opportunity to review
the proposed activities of the consortium. She also presented the partners currently involved
in the project.

Figure 2. Proposed outcomes and partnership arrangements of the Consortium

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The Value-Chain Approach
The value-chain approach was presented by Ms. Nawsheen Hosenally, one of the workshop
facilitators. She built on Mrs. Boodhram’s presentation to demonstrate that there are many
partners involved in the consortium and there are multiple linkages among them. However, in
order to work in a partnership, it is important to have a proper understanding of the existing
relationships and an agreed mechanism for interactions. She explained about the value-chain
approach and proposed that, through the workshop activities, the importance of linkages
among different actors involved at various points in a value chain would be highlighted. She
also explained the role and responsibilities of the facilitators, which was mainly to act as a
neutral partner, to bring the partners together in their discussions and to promote mutual
understanding among them. Since a facilitator is not a leader, the role of a leader v/s
facilitator was also explained (Fig 3). Stakeholders were reassured that the partners of the
consortium had already been meeting and coordinating some of the activities, especially in
the preparations and organisation of the series of workshops to be supported by the
PAEPARD project.

Participants’ Expectations from workshop
After the participants had an overview on the PAEPARD project, the Mauritius breadfruit
sector consortium, the value-chain approach and the role of leader v/s facilitator, the floor
was opened for clarifications and discussions. Participants were then asked to describe their
expectations from the workshop (Box 1). In general, stakeholders had a wide range of
expectations, each specific to the current issues they were dealing with. This was to be
expected, and hopefully most of their expectations would have been addressed by the end of
the workshop activities.

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Figure 3. Introduction to the Value Chain Approach as it would be applied to the breadfruit
sector in Mauritius

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Box 1. Participants’ Expectations from Workshop

 Discuss problems being encountered for producing grafts and find solutions
 See if partners within the consortium may help in production of the planting materials
for farmer organization presently awaiting planting materials to set up a breadfruit
village,
 See whether it will be possible to introduce planting materials from abroad
 Find how the consortium can work together to conserve germplasm in Mauritius and
support each other in propagation as well
 Get maximum knowledge and information on the whole value-chain
 Need a real sharing of information and all partners must collaborate in doing so
(value-chain approach and inclusive demand-driven partnerships)
 Get new ideas on value-addition, product development and new ventures in the
breadfruit sector
 Know how we are going to collaborate based on the work that has already started and
what we want to do in the future
 We have worked as individuals up to now, but time has come to sit together and
become a team
 Discuss the opportunities that are available and try to make the most of these by
working as a team
 All collaborators become one (Not just talking, but make it happen)
 It is a first-time multi-stakeholder partnership and it is hoped that it will work well
such that the workshop acts as a trigger for more interaction
 Hope that this workshop does not “die” like those in the past
 Get the support of policy makers
 Come up with a group project to benefit the country
 Make workshop successful, have write-shop and get funding
 Hope to get funding through this partnership

Demonstration of the use of the wiki
Since the first meeting of the consortium, a wiki was created to facilitate collaboration within
the multi-stakeholder partnership. The wiki consisted of several pages, each having specific
objectives. A demonstration was made on the use of the wiki and how different partners may
collaborate by sharing their work, participate in discussion forums, upload files and comment
on the different pages. The wiki is accessible at http://paepardmauritius.pbworks.com

Furthermore, there was another page on the wiki which consisted of an editable map of
breadfruit trees in Mauritius using Google Maps. The objectives of this map are (a) to test if
‘crowd-sourcing’ is a viable method of gathering information in a spatial and descriptive

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manner in Mauritius and (b) to provide the members of the breadfruit sector consortium with
a map of distribution and quantity of breadfruit trees to work with, to complement statistics
that may be available. A step-by-step demonstration was also done to show the participants
how they can add breadfruit trees to the map.

Participants then discussed the wiki and ways in which it could be useful, not only to the
partners in the consortium, but to all stakeholders. There was an immediate need expressed
for a tutorial to be made available about the use of the wiki and also on the procedure to edit
the map of breadfruit trees in Mauritius. Participants likened the wiki to a one-stop shop of
information, where at institutional level each member of the consortium or each stakeholder
would have a clear idea of the work being done by each partner. Furthermore, the wiki would
be a place to gather other information related to the consortium. Participants also expressed
their appreciation of the breadfruit mapping is being done, which will benefit many of the
stakeholders in the breadfruit in Mauritius. In addition, importers and exporters who are not
in the consortium will still get valuable information through the map. Finally, it was also
hoped that the map would provide a proper framework of the breadfruit sector and
characterize the agglomerations of breadfruit trees into backyard production or mini-
orchards. Thus, a lot of hope was placed on the development of the map, but its success
would depend on the contribution of the stakeholders and the public at large.

Workshop Activities & Introduction to Group Work
The workshop objectives and activities were explained to the participants through a
PowerPoint Presentation (Figure 4).

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Figure 4. Presentation of the group work activities during Day 1 of the workshop

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Team Building Activity
Prior to the group activity, following the lunch break, the participants were exposed to a team
building activity called “The Human Knot”. The participants were divided into 2 groups and
each group had to form a circle. In each group, the participants were required to hold the
hands of each other (except the person next to oneself). Without releasing their hands, they
had to untangle themselves to form a perfect circle.

This team building activity had 2 objectives; (a) to make the participants realize the essence
of collaboration in a team, and (b) to act as an energizer. The team building activity may be
viewed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqTuIlNHtmc&feature=youtu.be

Group work sessions (Part 1) – Participatory development of the knowledge-base
The second part of Day 1 of the workshop consisted of a group activity with the objective to
create a knowledge base on breadfruit. To facilitate the process, a review of literature on
Breadfruit, based on 7 key documents identified, had been carried out by Research Assistants
at the Food and Agricultural Research Council (FARC) prior to the workshop. In this
Literature Review, 11 themes were identified along the value chain, and the contents
organised by theme (Table 1)

Table 1. Themes identified for Group Activity
1. Origin and distribution of breadfruit
2. Germplasm
3. Environmental requirements
4. Propagation methods and planting materials
5. Agronomy and cultural practices
6. Fruiting
7. Harvest and post -harvest
8. Product development and marketing
9. Market/Exports
10. Uses of plant parts other than the fruit
11. Consumer preferences, education and products

The participants were divided into 4 groups according to their interests to the themes. Each
group was comprised of 3-4 members and was allocated 1 to 3 themes to work upon
(depending on the number of pages and the content). Each participant was handed a copy of
the Literature Review on Breadfruit, which included the theme which they had to work on.

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After going through the reading material on their respective themes, members of each group
were required to discuss among themselves and address the following questions for each
theme;

(a) What do we know? – Green
(establishing the knowledge assets)
(b) Where are we now? – Yellow
(establishing the current status)
(c) Where should we be? – Blue
(establishing objectives for the theme)
(d) What is missing to get there? – Pink
(establishing what is required to achieve the objective)
(e) What questions are we are asking ourselves? – White
Figure 5: Questions to be answered for each theme
(establishing the information needs)

The answers to the above questions were written on cards of corresponding colours for each
question and these were stuck on the wall according to the theme. Each group was given at
least 1hr30mins to cover the review of the literature, to discuss the issues and to address the
issues adequately.

After the group activity, the group leaders presented their outputs during the plenary session
(Figs. 6-8). During the different presentations, other participants also had the opportunity to
post any new ideas/ questions on the given themes, thus enriching the existing knowledge
already gathered by the group members or identifying areas that required more clarification
or detailed information. Since there was not enough time to complete all the presentations,
the last group would present their work the following day. The work carried out by the
groups would serve for the following group activity sessions the next morning.

Figure 6. Group Presentations at the end of Day 1

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Day 2 – Value-chain approach, roles of the stakeholders and way forward

Recap of Day 1 and continuation of group presentations
Day 2 started off with the welcoming of the participants by the facilitators of the workshop.
Members of the last group, who worked on the last 3 themes, presented their work following
which ideas/ questions from the floor were added to the flip-chart (like the previous day).

The facilitators then did a quick recap of the activities of Day 1 (about PAEPARD, the
consortium, value-chain approach, role of facilitators, workshop objectives, group activity)
before explaining what was expected from the participants on Day 2 (Annex II).

Group work (Part 2) – Consolidation of knowledge, technology and skills assets
The next group activity built on what had been done the previous day. Participants were
required to validate the knowledge, technology and skills assets by reassessing the statements
and qualifying them as based on (a) literature available (b) documented research or
information from other organisations and (c) indigenous knowledge. This process would
ensure that knowledge assets that the groups had identified were already documented or the
sources of information were known. This would facilitate compilation of information and the
generation of knowledge products, at a later stage, to guide the research and development
process.

Group Work (Part 3) - Breadfruit Value-Chain Approach and Analysis

Linkages among themes along the value chain
The second group work was based on the value-chain approach, whereby the participants
were asked to have a look at the themes of different groups and to find linkages and discuss
how components from other themes are inter-connected. If there are links, they had to locate
where these links are, and how do they see them connected.

The objective of the activity was to enable the consortium stakeholders to see the connection
of roles/ components in the different themes that were selected.

After each group had a look at the other themes and found connections, two groups were
chosen at random to present the linkages they found both upstream and downstream along the

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value chain. After the presentations, it was agreed by the stakeholders that they could
collectively identity several linkages among the themes all along the value-chain. The
facilitators explained that further Value Chain Analysis, for which methods have been
developed, would be carried out at the next workshop, when more information about the
themes and their linkages had been gathered.

Refining the questions we are asking ourselves
Following the activity of Day 1 listing the “questions we are asking ourselves” and the
presentations thereon, there were many questions which had been generated by participants.
However, some of the questions were duplicated while others were not well formulated or
unclear. Therefore, the group work consisted of clustering of questions while also re-visiting
the list of questions after the value chain linkages had been established during the previous
session. The objective was to come up with a clear set of questions that would have to be
answered and the information further analyzed at a later stage.

The facilitators explained that the next step would consist of synthesizing a draft of the output
of the group activities, which would be further discussed on the consortium wiki and during
the next Partnership Inception Workshop.

Validation of the Breadfruit Value-Chain stakeholders
The last group activity for the workshop consisted of identifying the stakeholders involved in
addressing each theme along the breadfruit value-chain. Participants were provided with a list
of partners/ stakeholders involved in the Mauritius Breadfruit Consortium (Annex III).
Considering the 11 themes identified in the breadfruit value-chain, they were required to:

 Locate who are the different stakeholders involved (Who?)
 Why they are involved in that specific theme (Why?)
 How are they involved – their roles (How?)

Flip-charts and markers were provided to the participants and they divided the questions in 3
columns (who, why, how) and they located which stakeholder is involved where for each
theme. While the participants were provided with a list of stakeholders, they were allowed to
add stakeholders who they thought might have an important role in the value chain (Fig.7).

One group was chosen at random to present its work to validate that all other groups had also
completed the exercise in a similar manner (Fig. 8)

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Figure 7. Group Discussion on stakeholders present in value-chain

Figure 8. Group presentation on stakeholders and their roles

Results of the group work sessions
Results of the group work sessions are shown below: the cumulative results of the group
work carried out during the workshop for each of the 11 themes. The literature review,
presented in Annex V, is referred to in each of the thematic sections.

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1. Origin and Distribution of Breadfruit
Review of the literature:

Annex IV, pages 1-3

What do we know?

 Origin (from literature)
 Tropical Distribution worldwide (from literature)

Where are we now?

 Do not know the number of varieties locally
 Do not know about the distribution of varieties locally

Where should we be?

 Number of varieties introduced
 Number of trees
 More exhaustive review of literature
 Other sources of information?

What is missing to get there?

 Eco-geographical survey on breadfruit trees

What questions are we asking ourselves?

 What is the Geographical distribution of breadfruit trees in Mauritius?
 Should we do a Tree census in Mauritius?
 Can we use a GIS system?
 Breadnut - number of trees and distribution?
 Is a census of breadnut trees required?
 Can there be other sources of information?

Stakeholders involved in issues related to Origin and Distribution of breadfruit

Who? Why? How?
1. CSO Involved in census Include breadfruit on
household survey
2. All stakeholders in the To map distribution of On consortium wiki
breadfruit sector breadfruit trees across the island
3. Documentation centres Involved in documentation More exhaustive review of
(MAIFS/ AREU/ MSIRI/ literature
FARC)

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2. Germplasm

Annex IV, pages 4-8

What do we know?

 Twenty varieties identified as core varieties (literature)
 Can be conserved by tissue culture(literature)
 Seem to have two varieties or phenotype locally (round & oblong)(observation)
 Breadnut can be used as root-stock for grafting (local validated practice)
 Breadnut has an edible seed (high protein)(literature)

Where are we now?

 Propagating only two seedless varieties locally
 In vivo production of plants using root only (Literature Revue agricole)

Where should we be?

 Characterisation of our varieties (morphological & molecular)
 Any development project for which we need new germplasm
 Introduction of new varieties if there is a need
 In-vitro propagation


 Breadfruit to shift from an under-utilized crop to a commercial crop
 Collaboration with international and local institution dealing with Breadfruit


 Which varieties exist in Mauritius?
 Is there a possibility of extension of production season particularly with increasing
urbanization
 Has there been genetic erosion or drift in our local varieties?
 Should we increase our genetic pool?
 Can we look for germplasm of dwarf varieties to facilitate harvest?
 Is there a need to promote conservation of existing germplasm?
 Do Reunion, Comores and Seychelles, for example, have the same varieties?
 Are we having any pest/disease problems?
 Are bats a problem with breadfruit?
 Breadnut - is there a demand for it? What do we know about it?
 Why breadnut as a root stock?

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 Is breadfruit a suitable alternative to breadfruit in Mauritius? Why bother about
breadnut?
 How to differentiate between young plants of breadnuts and breadfruit?
 Which institutions will be involved in this? Or has capacity? Private labs or
propagators?

Stakeholders involved in issues related to germplasm

Who? Why? How?
1. UoM  Studies on general  Student projects
erosion or drift in local
varieties
 Research existent and
facilities available
2. AREU  Varieties existing in  Survey by extension
Mauritius services
 Introduction of new  Evaluation trials
varieties  Collaborative programs
 On-going research on (UoM?)
breadfruit
 Research on usefulness
of breadnut regarding
nutritional properties and
on a rootstock
3. MAIFS (NPPO &  Facilitate introduction of  PRA & Disease/ pest
Entomology) new germplasm surveillance
4. MAIFS (Horticulture  Already involved in  In-vitro and In-vivo
division) conservation collections
5. FARC  Already involved in  In-vitro collections
conservation of
germplasm
6. Research organizations  Already involved in  Collaborative programs
in different countries Research and
development

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3. Environmental Requirements

Annex IV, pages 9-11

What do we know?

 Wide range of adaptation (literature)
 Agro-climatic requirements (literature)

Where are we now?

 Distribution is nearly all over the island
 Not clear if there are concentration zones of trees

Where should we be?

 Mapping of trees distribution
 Identifying agro-climatic zones suitable for optimal production


 Agronomic studies that report on adaptation in Mauritius
 Experimental trials


 Are there specific micro-climates that are ideal for breadfruit?
 Tolerance to drought with relation to climate change?
 Tolerance to cyclones?
 What is the yielding period in different zones and where to obtain the general yield
data?
 Check germplasm with different production & harvesting time to extend period of
supply?
 Is it possible to extend the production season?
 Can breadfruit be grown in super-humid regions of Mauritius?
 Is soil pH and high rainfall limiting factors to breadfruit tree growth in Mauritius?
 Is breadfruit an invasive species?

Stakeholders involved in issues related to environmental requirements

Who Why How
1. AREU  On-going research  Trials in different
locations
2. Meteorological  Meteorological data  Provision of
Services available meteorological data

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4. Propagation methods and planting materials


What do we know?

 Can be propagated by root cuttings , air layering, stem cutting, grafting, T.C methods,
seeds

Where are we now?

 Studies already started
 Selected clones being propagated
 Root cuttings main method, higher success rate
 In-vitro propagation (under experiment)
 Air-layering(under experiment)
 Grafting

Where should we be?

 Should have already mastered vegetative propagation methods
 Should have already large number of breadfruit plants for sale
 Planting material at affordable price (current price at Barkley Rs 185/unit)


 Research facilities and funds
 Skilled labour
 Need more starting materials


 Tapping funds (from where)?
 Training for propagation required?
 Pros and cons of propagation method
 Is any method of propagation highly recommended
 What are the success rates of the different propagation methods?
 Do we have facilities for mass propagation (large scale)?
 What are the problems encountered for different propagation methods
 Is it easy to propagate by in-vivo methods
 What if someone use root cuttings from grafted plants?
 Is there any subsidized price for large scale?
 What are the current prices?
 Cost effective method of propagation

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 Where to get readily available planting materials?
 Do we have enough planting materials and root stock?
 Which rooting system/ propagation method is suitable against cyclone?
 Who is and how to coordinate gathering of information on amount of planting
materials available, rate of production?
 Which institutions have capacity to do this? Private sector?
 Can people /farmers/ students be trained on grafting techniques?
 Who can/will train producers on propagating methods?

Stakeholders involved in issues related to propagation methods and planting materials

Who? Why? How?
1. MAIFS (Barkly ES)  Propagation  Propagation and sale by
 Sale of planting material conventional means
 Adapt protocol for Tissue
culture method for sale
2. AREU  Research and Development  Research and
 Information Dissemination Development on different
 Training methods of propagation
of breadfruit
 Sale of breadfruit
planting material
 Training of Extension
Officers and growers
3. FARC (Tissue  Research and Development on  Research on in-vitro
Culture Lab) protocol development propagation of breadfruit
 Production and sale of planting  Sale of tissue-culture
materials plants
 Research on Tissue
culture in collaboration
with UoM
4. UoM  Research  Research on Tissue
culture in collaboration
with FARC
5. Labourdonnais and  Propagation and sale of planting  Propagation by
other private sectors materials conventional means and
 Production and sale of sale
agricultural produce  Collaborate in on-farm
trials (OFT’s)

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5. Agronomy and cultural practices


What do we know?

 Fast growing/long life
 Hardy
 Productive
 Well adapted to local conditions
 Old trees can be rejuvenated

Where are we now?

 Evaluation plots set up at AREU
 Rejuvenation under observation

Where should we be?

 Germplasm (local) characterization completed (molecular/phenotypic)
 Establish local clones conservatory
 Map of growing areas should have been available


 Funds
 Insufficient planting materials
 Absence of guidelines
 No training to growers
 Using elevators for plucking
 Mechanized techniques


 What are the factors responsible for fruit drops?
 What are the production constraints?
 Can we go for high density planting materials
 Can reports on the evaluations be made available( preliminary)
 How does pruning affect yield?
 Recommendations on pruning
 Are the training materials/leaflets suitable? Is there need to revise/updates
 Do we have agro-climatic maps?
 What are the known production seasons in Mauritius?
 Are there any appropriate tools for harvesting

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 Can tall trees be pruned?
 What are irrigation requirements?
 Should we have specific varieties for fresh and processing?
 Bearing time for different planting materials(stem cuttings, root cuttings, grafting)
 Can we do intercropping?
 Can fruiting be enhanced like litchis?
 What is the recommended pathway ‘to move from under-utilized crop to commercial
crop’

Stakeholders involved in issues related to Agronomy, Cultural practices & Fruiting

Who? Why? How?
1. AREU  Research and  Agronomic evaluation
Development  Production of
 Information recommendation sheets
dissemination  Workshops/ Field days/
 Training visits
2. SFWF  Provide support to  Identify constraints faced
farmers (insurance, by growers in
schemes etc.) collaboration with AREU
3. Private firms  Importer of machinery/  Make available
tools appropriate harvest tools
for breadfruit
4. Growers/ MAMCF/  Producers of breadfruit  Collaborate with AREU
Ministry of cooperatives for on-farm trials
5. MAIFS  Schemes for pest control  Support/ incentives for
 Control of pests control of bats

24


6. Fruiting


What do we know?

 Seasonal
 Large trees can be regenerated
 Maturity indices easy
 Fruit production capacity

Where are we now?

 Production season known
 Fruit drop high
 Tall trees difficult to harvest
 Production capacity of local accessions(yield) known

Where should we be?

 Less fruit drop


 Local agronomic studies


 In case of attacks by fruit bats, bird-netting needed?
 What are the post harvest losses?
 Have the fruits got good preservation qualities?
 What are the approved pesticides on breadfruit?
 What are the pest and diseases affecting breadfruit?
 When do we know that the fruits are ready for harvest?
 Can it be grown in super humid zones?
 How to produce off season fruits?
 Introduction and evaluation of new clones?
 Support from NPPO for introduction?

25


Stakeholders involved in issues related to Agronomy, Cultural practices & Fruiting

Who? Why? How?
1. AREU  Research and  Agronomic evaluation
Development  Production of
 Information recommendation sheets
dissemination  Workshops/ Field days/
 Training visits
2. SFWF  Provide support to  Identify constraints faced
farmers (insurance, by growers in
schemes etc.) collaboration with AREU
3. Private firms  Importer of machinery/  Make available
tools appropriate harvest tools
for breadfruit
4. Growers/ MAMCF/  Producers of breadfruit  Collaborate with AREU
Ministry of cooperatives for on-farm trials
5. MAIFS  Schemes for pest control  Support/ incentives for
 Control of pests control of bats

26


7. Harvest and Post Harvest


What do we know?

 Grading/sorting
 Waxing
 Water Treatment
 Traditional minimal processing (e.g water treatment)
 Rod Plucking
 Climbing using ladder
 Picking up falling fruits
 Quality index at harvest
 Packing (Leno bags, gunny bags, bamboo baskets)

Where are we now?

 No information on existing varieties
 Using traditional harvest technique
 International post-harvest practices exist

Where should we be?

 Develop quality parameters (Norms/Standards)
 Pruning activities
 Early and late varieties
 Develop dwarf and early maturity plants disease
 Packing to reduce post-harvest losses (e.g agricultural crates)


 Schemes/loans for post-harvest/harvest facilities
 Effective collaboration between partners
 No existing protocols for harvesting/post-harvest
 Sharing of information
 More research and development funding
 International collaboration


 At which stage to harvest? (Maturity index – optimum and actual)
 Is the practice of placing fruit in water documented and justified?
 Do we have appropriate tools for harvest in Mauritius? E.g. Aluminum poles

27


 After harvest (green) No. of days kept (Stored) for local marketing?
 What can be done (Backyard/for local market) to increase shelf-life of breadfruit?
 What are the recommended packaging/storage materials for Mauritius?
 Appropriate methods to increase shelf-life?
 Effect of pruning on yield/quality?
 Develop protocol – Responsibility?
 Can we put breadfruit in under cool conditions to increase shelf-life?
 Which type of wax can be used? Available?

Stakeholders involved in issues related to harvest and post-harvest

Who? Why? How?
1. Cooperatives  To achieve economies of  Regrouping of farmers
scale
2. Associations and  Better management  Training
companies (SMEDA)  Incentive schemes
 Appropriate funding
mechanisms
3. AREU  Harvest and post-harvest  Research and trials
protocol
 Norms and standards  Literature and research
 Shelf-life improvement  Literature and research
 Improvement in  Training/ information
harvesting techniques kits/ grants/ schemes for
 Pest and disease equipments
management  Awareness campaigns/
 Improved cultural information materials/
practices identification of pests
and diseases
4. UoM/AREU  Harvest and post-harvest  Research
protocols
5. MSB/ UoM/ AREU  Norms and standards  Literature and research
6. Private companies/  Improvement in  Training/ information
AREU harvesting techniques kits/ grants/ schemes for
equipments
7. SFWF/ Meteo/ Private  Risk management  Support/ assistance/
companies insurance schemes
8. AREU/MAIFS  Pest and disease  Awareness campaigns/
management information materials/
identification of pests
and diseases

28


8. Product development and marketing


What do we know?

 Marketing channel – local/export
 Animal feed (Pigs)
 Processing awareness exist (chips, canned, flour, boiled)
 Human consumption (boiled, chips, curry, snacks)
 High potential for export
 High risk crop (cyclone prone)
 High land requirement

Where are we now?

 Export of product (approx. 100mT)
 Development and research on flour production
 Long-term storage (freezing) shelf-life studies
 Development of frozen French fries, wedges

Where should we be?

 Increase usage as staple food side dishes
 Unacceptable fruits, waste from processing as animal feed
 Resource material for composting
 Substitute for current bad eating habits (e.g. oily foods, saturated foods)
 Tap on outer island resources (Rodrigues)


 More research and development and funding
 Lack of information on product
 Critical mass to invest in commercial production
 Loans/incentive schemes
 Setting up of food parks


 How do we think we are going to increase usage as staple?
 Regarding increasing consumer awareness, what is being done?
 What is the demand for breadfruit on the local market?
 Can it be used for baby foods?
 For flour making, are there any specific requirements (varietal, stage of maturity)?

29


 Fresh products or processed?
 Market consumption?
 Is there scope for development of SME (Processing)?
 Is there any kind of risk management strategy in place?
 Land availability for setting up orchards?
 When is the next fruit tree census?

Stakeholders involved in issues to product development and marketing

Who? Why? How?
1. FARC/SFWF  Demand for fresh and  Survey
processed breadfruit  Breadfruit festival
2. AREU/ UoM  Consumer preferences/  Survey/ sensory
New products evaluation
3. Enterprise Mauritius  New markets  International exhibitions/
partnerships
4. AREU/ UoM/ NPPO  Type of varieties  Literature
 Trials
 Research
5. Land use division/ AS/  Land availability  Land bank
MAIFS
6. APAU/ MAIFS  Census on breadfruit  Survey
trees in the Republic of  Complete enumeration
Mauritius  Editable/clickable map
7. Food security fund/  Access to capital  Schemes
DBM/ Private banks  Grants
 Loan facilities
8. MAIFS/ MAMCF/  Continuous/ Reliable  Partnerships/ Bi-lateral
Private stakeholders/ supply of breadfruit agreements
SFWF
9. AMB/ Freeport  Storage facilities  Provide storage facilities

30


9. Markets/Export


What do Where are we Where should we be? What is missing to get
we know? now? there?
Different  Fresh breadfruits  Wider range of  Identify local
types of for export products and germaplasm/ Access
products  Breadfruit flour breadfruit varieties other germplasm
 Other usages at  Develop  R&D on processed
level of commercial products
household e.g. production  Identify interested
chips, cakes entrepreneurs

Different  E.U  Regional and  Data on volume and
markets international value of exports and
markets country of destination
 Identify new export
markets
 Identify competitors in
export markets
Market  E.U and local  Australia, USA,  Determine current
demand markets Canada and New annual production in
Zealand Mauritius
 Tourist industry  Work with hotel chef
 Domestic markets  Local market
e.g. frozen chips, intelligence
canned, flour  Market intelligence for
 Gluten free Gluten free products
products
Market  Fulfilling SPS  Infrastructure for  Financial Resources for
Access requirements for commercially investment
E.U processing  Identify SPS
 Food safety requirements for
requirements potential export markets
 SPS requirements (e.g. fruit flies)
for other  Develop packaging
international  Develop certification
markets (Market system for food safety
barriers) and allergens free
 Logistics for
packaging and
export (Perishable)
 Certification
(evidence for
Gluten free
products)

31



Types of products

 What is current production volume?
 What is current export volume?
 To which markets are breadfruit exported?
 What are other potential markets?

Different Markets

 In these export markets, what are customs duties applied?
 In these export markets what are SPS requirements?
 Can Mauritius abide by these SPS requirements?
 Market intelligence in current and potential export markets: Who are the buyers? Price?
Need specific varieties? Potential for market development? How consumed?

Market demand

 Who are our competitors?
 Their Prices?
 Cost analysis including freight cost?
 Seasonality of supply from Mauritius v/s others?
 Development of other products; Processed; Pulp/ canned/ frozen / possible? Cost?

Market access

 Export markets potential for these processed products?
 What inputs are needed: Infrastructure, technology, packaging, storage conditions,
transport conditions, cold-chain? (processed)
 Forecast of production volume in next 5-10 years?
 What are requirements to import/ propagate varieties?
 What is shelf life of varieties?
 What are current standards for export? Size/ type of packaging?
 Determine regularity of supply for export markets?
 Are breadfruit destined for export coming from orchards or backyards?
 Any orchard project?
 Can orchard be certified global gap?
 If marketed as Gluten free, who will certify?
 What are health and nutritional advantages and How can these be used for marketing?
 Sensitization of farmers on gap to produce good quality breadfruit, Who/How?
 What is potential for absorption on local market?

32


 Market intelligence: Who are buyers? Preferred way of consuming? Price? Potential for
processed products and prioritize? Hotels: Potential?
 Should new recipes be developed?
 Marketing of breadfruit on local market: How? Who? For both processed and fresh?
 What time of the year are competitors exporting?
 What are the conditions for import of new breadfruit accession?
 Any strategy to market breadfruit as potential candidates for food security?
 What are the priorities for Mauritius?
 Should we have a brand name- branding breadfruit of Mauritius?
 What are storage conditions of breadfruit before export?
 What are the requirements for export? (size, weight, type and so on)
 What is the current practice for sale of breadfruit (whole/ whether semi processed?)
 Are there any post harvest treatments for breadfruit before export?
 Which sources of information exist on international trade of breadfruit?

Stakeholders involved in issues related to markets and export

Who? Why? How?
1. APEXHOM  Involved in export policies  Information on export
and information standards, market access
 Facilitation
2. Exporters  Know export markets  Information on export data and
constraints
3. Producers/ Processors  Need markets to sell  Production information
4. AREU  Post-harvest for exports  Research and Development on
shelf-life, post-harvest, storage,
packaging, Good Agricultural
Practices (GAPs) etc.
5. Enterprise Mauritius  Know export markets  Participation in trade fairs to
present breadfruits
6. NPPO  SPS for imports and  Allow import of germplasm
exports and information on SPS of
export matkets
7. Laboratories (Food  Testing of pesticides  Testing of pesticide residues
Tech Lab)
8. Women entrepreneurs  Capacity to produce/  Start processing
process
9. Chefs/ hotels  Use in restaurants  Use breadfruits – new recipes
10. Media  Communicate  Inform public about breadfruit
11. Consumer  Inform consumers  Inform consumers about
organizations benefits

33


10. Uses of Plant parts other than the fruit


What do we know? Where are we Where should we be? What is
now? missing to get
there?
Different parts of use of the other use of the other parts R&D on the
breadfruit tree, plant parts at of breadfruit other medicinal
multipurpose tree household than at household value
level level, e.g. handicraft
for tourism
industry/export
Can use timber, fruits, Using only
seeds, peel bark, latex, fruits
buds, leaves, flower,
spike, trees
Food Developing
flour
Used for animal Feed
Used for medicinal
purposes
Used for clothing
Agro-forestry shade
Caulking for canoes
Adhesives
Used for construction
of buildings,
handicrafts, surfboards


 What are the possible uses of by-products from breadfruit processing?
 Is there any economic importance of plant parts other that fruit for Mauritius?

Stakeholders involved in issues related to uses of plant parts other than the fruit

Who? Why? How?

34


11. Consumer preferences, Education and Products


What do we Where are we Where should we what is missing to
know? now? be? get there?
Most people are People should find it
Preferred by
discovering how normal that Peoples’ awareness
Asian niche
to use breadfruit breadfruit forms part of nutritional value
markets
in their menu of their diet
Develop breadfruit as
Preference for
a disaster relief food
fresh fruits
(food security)
Wide range of
products
Awareness on gluten
(international
free products
markets) e.g.
canned
Support from the
government


 Is breadfruit also consumed by Europeans in replacement of potato?
 In what forms consumers would like to eat breadfruit? Fresh or frozen?
 Are products demand driven?
 How has the perception/status of breadfruit changed over the years?
 Nutritional analysis of derived products (w.r.t. snacking at school)?
 Need for educating consumers?
 Survey on consumer preferences?
 What need to be done to increase consumer?
 Awareness on importance of breadfruit?
 Concept of breadfruit festival?
 Which countries are producing breadfruit flour?
 Quantity of flour exported and where?
 How many breadfruit need to replace 1kg of wheat?
 Cost of production of flour?

35


Stakeholders involved in issues related to Consumer preferences, Education and
Products

Who? Why? How?
1. Exporter (Sarjua?)  Already have access to  Provide information on
export market consumers from
international markets and
their requirements
2. Producers and Processors  Customer Satisfaction  Development of new
products
3. MoA/ Producers  Create awareness  Breadfruit festivals
 Breadfruit consumption
campaigns
 World Food Day
4. Consumer Protection  Platform for local  Consumer acceptance/
Association consumers consumer awareness
5. CSO, AREU  Data on breadfruit  Surveys
consumption locally  Data on per capita
consumption of breadfruit
6. Media  Consumer education  Radio talks, TV programs

36


Discussion and Way Forward
The last part of the workshop was a plenary session whereby the consortium partners
reflected on that had been achieved during those two days and discussed proposals for the
way forward. The aspects that guided the discussions included the role of each partner in the
partnership, expectations from each other and from the facilitators; the means of
communication considered appropriate for the consortium members, and planning for future
activities, including the next workshop.

The main conclusions of the discussion sessions are as follows:-

 A summary of the workshop will be written up and shared with the participants and
stakeholders (through the wiki)
 All partners in the consortium and those who are present in the workshop will be
required to share the work that they are presently doing (a summary) with respect to
breadfruit on the wiki
 Various partners are already working in collaboration, but this should be strengthened
further by communicating more with each other
 Communication will be done through emails and on the wiki, but regular physical
meetings will also be arranged at FARC, whereby all important discussions and
activities will take place
 Frequency of the meetings will depend on the speed at which we are working and
how much of the work has been done in a given time-frame
 Next workshop is expected to be around mid-March (depending on how fast we are
working on the output from workshop 1)
 Before next workshop, we are expected to have a meeting on 2nd March 2012, during
which a representative from Cole-ACP will be in Mauritius and will join us
 Between the 1st and 2nd workshop, we will try to find answers to the questions that
were generated during 1st workshop on the wiki and during physical meetings
 During the 2nd workshop, a value-chain mapping and analysis will be done
 For the questions that remain unanswered, they will be used to generate research
questions in the different aspects of the value-chain that had been identified (Also
done during second workshop)
 In the medium-term, we will try to establish a National Breadfruit Program, under
which there will be several project proposals on breadfruit
 After the 2nd workshop, a write-shop will be organized by PAEPARD in Nairobi,
Kenya
 When the project proposals are ready, we will apply for funding at local, regional and
international level
 Since the idea of using breadfruit as a staple crop is already on the agenda on the
government, we will request funding on breadfruit from the government (given that
the consortium has already been formed and partners involved are already working on
the subject)
37


 The Consortium will participate in events like the Breadfruit Day (organized by the
Agricultural Research and Extension Unit), Breadfruit festival and Breadfruit village
(Organized by Farmer Organization – MAMCF)
 Research will continue for years, but the partners are expected to be in touch
throughout the process and contribute to the value chain
 This whole process may take years, but without collaboration, it will not be possible

Closing remarks
Prior to closing the workshop, participants were asked to fill in the evaluation forms for the
First Partnership Inception Workshop. Mr K Bheenick, Programme Manager at the FARC
thanked the participants for their presence and their active participation. He reminded them
that the workshop had been a very productive and exhaustive one as the participants had to
think and probe a lot to compile as much information as possible. This has contributed to the
consortium members having a clearer idea of the current status of the breadfruit sector in
Mauritius, a joint vision of where we should be, and areas where gaps exist, which may be
filled up through Research and Development. He also thanked the facilitators for their efforts
and their success in maintaining the level of interaction during the workshop. Finally he
requested participants to remain in touch through email and through the wiki, and to
contribute with additional information to answer the questions being asked, as this
information will be used in the planning process for the next workshop and the generation of
the research project proposals.

38


Annex I – List of Participants
Name Institution Job Title Tel Fax Email
Mr. Yann Labourdonnais Assistant 266 9533 266 6415 pepiniere.ciaglabo@
Goblet Diversification intnet.mu
Manager
Mr. Yacoob Horticulture Scientific 464 5517 yamungroo@mail.gov.mu
Mungroo Division Officer
(MAIFS)
Mrs. AREU Research 670 8249 smyovana@gmail.com
Saraspadee Scientist
Subramaniam
Dr. Arvind University of Associate 403 7695 465 5743 aruggoo@uom.ac.mu
Ruggoo Mauritius Professor
Mrs. Sachita National Plant Scientific 464 4872 465 9591 moa-pathology@
Jawaheer – Protection Office Officer mail.gov.mu
Unathras (MAIFS)
Mr. Krit MAMCF/ SFWF Chairman Krit169annu@yahoo.com
Beeharry
Mr. Prithiviraj Small Farmers Technical 433 3249 spwfsp@intnet.mu
Dookithram Welfare Fund Officer
Mr. Devanand AREU Extension 261 9216 2619216 mjankee@grays.mu
Bhurtun Officer
Mrs. Babita AREU Research 466 1090 anchutejal@yahoo.com.sg
Dussoruth Scientist
Mr. Dharam Independent Agronomist dybachraz@intnet.mu
Bachraz (Farmer
Organization)
Mrs. Indira FARC Laboratory & 465 1011 465 3344 Indirab.farc@intnet.mu
Boodhram Nursery
Manager
Mr. Krishan FARC Programme 465 1011 465 3344 kjbheenick@yahoo.co.uk
Bheenick Manager
Ms. Varsha FARC Assistant 465 1011 465 3344 sheilajad@hotmail.com
Jadoo Research
Scientist
Ms. Anishka FARC Trainee 465 1011 465 3344 Anisun24@yahoo.com
Ramkhalawan
Ms. Pratima FARC Assistant 465 1011 465 3344 farc@intnet.mu
Greedharry Research
Scientist
Mr. Kaylasson FARC Assistant 465 1011 465 3344 farc@intnet.mu
Maistry Research
Scientist
Mrs. Raifa APEXHOM Secretary 433 4906 4334862 apexhom@intnet.mu
Bundhun General
Ms. Nawsheen Independent PAEPARD 910 1841 nawsheen.hosenally@
Hosenally Facilitator gmail.com
Mr. Toolsee Farmers Service PAEPARD 726 3393 hemrajgu@yahoo.com.au
Gunesh Centre Facilitator

39


Annex II – Workshop Programme

Partnership Inception Workshop Programme

DAY 1 Thursday 09 February 2012
09.00 – 09.30 Welcoming Address; Introduction to participants
09.30 – 10.00 Introduction to PAEPARD
10.00 – 10.30 Concept Note/Presentation of partnerships
10.30 – 11.00 TEA BREAK
11.00 – 12.00 Workshop Activities; Role of leader/facilitators; Introduction to
group work
12.00 -13.00 LUNCH
13.00 – 14.00 Group Work
14.00 – 14.30 TEA BREAK
14.30 – 15.30 Group Work / Presentations
15.30 – 16.00 Debriefing Session

DAY 2 Friday 10 February 2012
09.00 – 09.15 Recap of Day 1
09.15 – 10.15 Group Work/Presentations
10.15 – 10.30 TEA BREAK
10.30 – 11.30 The Breadfruit Value Chain Analysis Group Work
11.30 – 12.00 Presentations
12.00 -13.00 LUNCH
13.00 – 14.30 Discussion and way forward
14.30 – 15.30 Debriefing Session

40


Annex III – List of Stakeholder Institutions of the Breadfruit Sector

List of Stakeholder institutions as identified by Consortium partners:

 Food and Agricultural Research Council (FARC)
 Agricultural Research and Extension Unit (AREU)
 University of Mauritius (UoM)
 Conserverie Sarjua Ltee
 Mauritius Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Federation (MAMCF)
 Partner from European Union
 Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security (MAIFS)
 Association des producteurs et exportateurs horticoles de Maurice (APEXHOM)
 Other Exporters
 Les Moulins de la Concorde (LMLC)
 Producers (Large Scale and Small Scale)
 Mouvement Autosuffisance Alimentaire (MAA)
 National Plant Protection Office (NPPO)
 National Women Entrepreneur Council (NWEC)
 Agricultural Policy Analysis Unit (APAU)
 Agricultural Marketing Board (AMB)
 Ministry of Finance (MOF)

41


Annex IV: Review of the literature

Breadfruit Sector Consortium
(Mauritius, 2012)

Review of Literature
(8 Feb 2012)

Key:
1. Source 1; Breadfruit: Promoting the conservation and use of
underutilized and neglected crops (Diane Ragone, 1997)
2. Source 2; Artocarpus atilis (Diane Ragone, April 2006)
3. Source 3; Breadfruit. Morton, J.1987
4. Source 4; Regeneration guidelines for breadfruit (Ragone D. 2008)
5. Source 5; Postharvest handling Technical Bulletin (New Guyana
Marketing Corporation, 2004)
6. Source 6;Farm and Forestry Production and Marketing Profile for
Breadfruit(Diane Ragone, 2011)
7. Source 7; Report of First International Symposium on Breadfruit
Reasearch and Development (Taylor.M & Ragone. D, 2007, Nadi,
Fiji)

(This Annex is presented as a separate document)

42


Annex V: Evaluation of the workshop

43


44


What I liked the most about the workshop
 The purpose of the workshop was well explained.
 The willingness of all stakeholders to provide maximum information to
consortium. The spirit within workshop.
 Les interactions entre les différents intervenants qui ont été très intéressantes.
Chacun a apporté et partagé les connaissances de la culture du fruit à pain.
 The participants were all contributing for the success of the workshop, willing to
share all information about their activities; mutual trust; co-operation / team
spirit
 Discussion / Interaction; New knowledge on breadfruit ; Positive approach of each
participant
 New methods of brainstorming and analysis
 It was very interactive.
 Very interactive, lots of new ideas and new information
 Work groups, Interactive sessions
 The groupwork session and the issues to work upon
 Interactive workshop; Group work was interesting
 Information exchange.
 New ideas about use of breadfruits
 (3 blank returns)

What I did not like the most about the workshop
 Un aspect que l’on ne connait toujours pas, c’est ‘quantifier la demande’
 The venue
 There was some discussion that was not relevant to the theme
 Some information was not relevant
 The food
 The meal was not balanced, not tasty

45


What is the most important lesson I take with me at the end of the workshop
 Existence of the project and its coherence on Breadfruit
 Spirit of collaboration
 Work as a team
 Working in groups, with different opinions can help to find better solutions
 Working in such a group with people from different sectors / organization where
we feel there is a sharing of information increase in knowledge.
 Many institutions are working at their level on breadfruit. Collaborative work,
sharing of information essential
 We should not be working on our own: this leads to duplication of work. We
should work in collaboration for a fruitful objective.
 Different organisations have different types of information that can be used
(information which were not known before)
 The importance of value chain approach
 Importance of sharing ideas with other institutions
 To understand what is the position of our institution in the value chain
 La viabilité de la filière dépendera grandement de la volonté du consomateur ;
chaque maillon (stakeholder) de la filière est interdépendent. Un travail collectif
est un “must”.

46

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