Sewing machine & different types of stitch & their class.

1. History of Sewing Machines
Hand sewing is an art form that is over 20,000 years old. The first
sewing needles were made of bones or animal horns and the first thread was
made of animal ligament. Iron needles were invented in the 14th century. The
first eyed needles appeared in the 15th century.
Isaac Singer invented the up-and-down motion mechanism, and Allen Wilson
developed a rotary hook shuttle.
Sewing machines did not go into mass production untilthe 1850's, when Isaac
Singer built the first commercially successful machine. Singer built the first
sewing machine where the needle moved up and down rather than the side-
to-side and the needle was powered by a foot treadle.

2. Classification of Lockstitch Sewing Machine
Lockstitch sewing machine can be divided into four main parts :
1.Thesewing head
2.Thehorizontal arm
3. The vertical arm
4. The machine bed
1. The Sewing Head :
The sewing head is the main sewing part of the machine, it containsvarious
sewing element such as the needle bar, pressure bar & take up lever.
2. The Horizontal Arm:
The horizontal armconnectsthe sewing head and the vertical armof a machine.
It containsthe armshaft, which sends movementsfromthe balance wheel to the
variousmoving partsin the sewing head.
3. The Vertical Arm :
The vertical armcontainsthe shaft and beltsof connecting rodswhich send
movementsfromthe horizontal armshaft to the varioussewing mechanismsin
the machine bed.
4. The MachineBed :
The machine bed is the part of the machine situated beneath the sewing head,
the horizontal armand the vertical arm, the mainfunctionof the machine bed is
to support the materialsto be sewnand to provide the mounting pointsfor those
moving parts.

4. Stitch
Stitch: Loop or loops of one or morethreads, when bound with each other,
either by interlacing, intralooping, interloopingor combination of those when
sewing fabric, each unitof such configuration is called stitch.
Interlacing,Interlooping & Intralooping
Interlacing: During stitching, when one loop of one thread passes over
another loop of another thread, it is called interlacing.
Interlooping: When loop of one thread passes through the loop of another
thread, it is called interlooping.
Intralooping: When a loop of one thread passes through the loop of same
thread during sewing, it is called intralooping.
Interlacing Interlooping Intralooping

5. Stitches are of 70 types:
All these typesof stitchesare grouped in6 classes. According to British
Standard, the typesare:
1: Stitch class-100(Singlethread chainstitch).
2: Stitch class200(Hand stitch).
3: Stitch class-300(Lockstitch).

6. 4: Stitch class-400(Multi thread chain stitch).
5: Stitch class-500(Over edgestitch).
6: Stitch class-600(Coveringchain stitch).