3. ENERGY
Energy is a physical quantity that describes the
amount of work that can be done by a force.
FORMS OF ENERGY
4. ENERGY CRISIS……..?
An energy crisis is any great shortfall in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It
usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural
resources.
The crisis often has effects on the rest of the economy, with many recessions being
caused by an energy crisis in some form. In particular, the production costs of electricity
rise, which raises manufacturing costs.
ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN
Energy crisis in Pakistan was expected and it started in the year 2007. We will look at
the demand and supply of 2008 and expected demand and supply of coming years.
6. CAUSES OF ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN
• ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY
• FLUCTUATION OF OIL PRICES IN ENERGY MARKET
• FAULTY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• AGING OF EQUIPMENT
• UNPRODUCTIVE EFFORTS
• MISMANAGEMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES
7. SOLUTIONS
To overcome the current energy crisis Pakistan needs to
take the following steps:
•Short term plans
•Medium term plans
•Long term plans
8. SHORT TERM PLANS:
•Increase the number of IPPs (independent Power Producers)
•Reactivate the closed power generating units
•Overhaul the existing poor distribution system
•Import electricity to fulfill the current need for industries on ADHOC basis
•Government should have strict check on energy indicators on regular basis to counter such
crisis in future
MEDIUM TERM PLANS:
•Transformation of existing system to renewable energy resources
•Developing and installing biogas, solar, wind and micro hydro based projects in villages
9. LONG TERM PLANS:
•Developing and installing coal based powerhouses
•Initiate agreements for mega projects with the energy extensive countries for sustainable
energy resources
•Exploration of more oil, gas and coal reserves
•Provide incentive for up gradation and training to the engineers for new technology
10. ALTERNATIVES
According to AEDP (Alternate Energy Development of Pakistan) the current status of electrical energy is:
TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY: 19505 MW
ENERGY SOURCES
THERMAL 12580 MW 65%
HYDEL 6463 MW 33%
NUCLEAR 462 MW 2%
The AEDP is working on the following alternate energy resources:
•Wind
•Micro wind
•Solar photovoltaic
•Micro hydel
•Biomass / waste-to-energy
•Solar thermal
•Bio fuels
•Fuel cell
•Geo thermal
11. WIND:
• Free and clean
• wind corridor that is 60 km wide (Gharo ~ Kati Bandar) and 180 km
long (up to Hyderabad).
• Up to 50,000 MW production potential in Pakistan
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS:
• Solar cells convert solar energy in to electricity
• Pakistan has an excellent potential of receiving solar radiations throughout
the year
• Solar Energy is available at a rate of 1000 watts per square meter in Pakistan.
HYDEL:
•Cheapest and most suitable for Pakistan
•Pakistan has got the potential of producing 46000 MW of electricity
•Out of which only 6595 MW is produced
12. BIOMASS / WASTE-TO-ENERGY:
•For 20 years the developed countries are using this technology
•Every city of Pakistan produces thousands of tons of solid waste and millions of gallons
water waste
•Can be converted in to energy (power generation) and fertilizer
FUEL CELL:
•Hydrogen fuel cell is a device which is compact, flexible and highly efficient.
•Ultimate non pollutant energy source till now.
STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN
•FOUR WIND MILLS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED IN COASTAL AREA OF SINDH
• 10 SMALL HYDRO PLANTS WITH A CAPACITY OF 110 MW IN PROGRESS
•BHASHA DAM POLICY WILL BE TAKEN IN TO CONSIDERATION
13. CONCLUSION
• PAKISTAN IS BLESSED AND RICH IN RESOURCES
• POLICIES SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED NOW
•POLLICIES SHOULD NOT CHNGE WITH THE CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT
• WE CAN EVEN EXPORT ENERGY IF WE PRODUCE IT AT OPTIMUM LEVEL
