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European Health Care Summit 2014
Big hospitals versus small hospitals –
is either better?
Dr. Ernst Walther
Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek
Origins and history of hospitals in Germany
1285: Foundation of the „Heilig Geist Hospital“ by
The city council and citizens of Lübeck

1710: Erection of the „Werk-, Zucht- und
Tollhaus“ Celle by Georg I. Ludwig of Hannover
(Great-Britain)

1710: Foundation of the „Charité“ by
Friederich I. to prevent a spread of the plague
Types of Hospitals in Germany
• Health care provision is local, supra-local, supra-regional
• Capacities are planned by the "Länder"
• Hospitals differ in intensity of health care provision
determined following federal state law
• There are four care levels

1. Basic Hospital Services Provision
2. Regular Hospital Services Provision
3. Specialised, focused Hospital Services Provision
(e.g. Schön Klinik Eilbek in Hamburg)
4. Maximum Hospital Services Provision
Basic Facts Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek 2013
Primary care hospital with
additional specialized
departments . 703 beds.

24h daily emergeny room

17 medical departments /
Integrated Practice Units

20.000 inpatients p.a.

More than 1.600 employees

50.000 outpatient contacts p.a.

Focus on orthopedics,
neurology und
psychosomatic medicine

© 2013 Schön Klinik

Seite 4
Neurocentre Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek
Head Physicians: Daniel Wertheimer und Dr. Ernst Walther

Acute Care Neurology
25 beds
Cases 2012: 1112
--------------------------------------------------------

Neurology Intensive Care
38 beds Neuro-ICU

Neurological Early Rehabilitation
49 beds
Cumulative cases 2012: 426
--------------------------------------------------------

Continuative Neurological
Rehabilitation (Phases C/D)
15 beds
Cases 2012: 139
© 2013 Schön Klinik

Seite 5
Neurocentre: Work force
Overview: employees

Physicians incl.
thereof Head Physicians
therof Speciality Registrars

graduated nurses
Therapists
Hygiene specialists
Tracheal cannula specialists
Breathing therapists
Social service employee
Quality manager for relatives
Certified Urologists
Incontinence team (nurses)
Total

© 2013 Schön Klinik

Accredication for medical training

45
2
7

220
70
2
2
1
1
1
2
2

Neurology

36 Mon.

Neurological intensive care
medicine
12 Mon.

EEG training centre of the DGKN
Nursing specialist in neurological
early rehabilitation

346

Seite 6
Employees in German Hospitals (in fte)
840,000

834,585

830,000

825,654

820,000

810,000
800,000
791,914

790,000
780,000
770,000
2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

17% of the employees in German hospitals are physicians
83% are non-physicians, of which 45% are nurses
FTE = Full Time Equivalent, Source: Federal Statistics Agency
© 2013 Schön Klinik

Seite 7
Why is an early onset of rehabilitation important for the
course of neurological diseases?

• The likelyhood of regeneration is the earlier the better
• The kind and dimension of functional deficits is better understood in
multi-professional therapy teams

• The dynamic and functional dimension of the disease will be better
understood

• Appropriate therapy strategies can be initiated promptly and focussed on
the functional problem

Conclusion: Neuro-rehabilitation should start during the ICU
stay on the cutting edge when the acuity of the primary
disease just allows the first therapeutic approaches.
© 2013 Schön Klinik

Seite 8
© 2013 Schön Klinik

Seite 9
Hospital Planning and Renumeration

• The federal state determines an individual health care provision
mandate for each hospital i.e. the permitted quantities of health
services provision (except for emergency cases)

• Since 2004 most of the hospital health services are renumerated on
the basis of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)

• Each hospital negotiates with the local representation of the sickness
fund to determine the annual budget

• The annual budget is calculated by using the individual quantities of
the hospital multiplied with the uniform standard price for health
services in the respective state ("Landesbasisfallwert")

• The deficits or surpluses are balanced in the following year
© 2013 Schön Klinik

Seite 10
Patient referrals neurological early rehabilitation
Hospitals Hamburg 2012
Number of beds early rehabilitation Hamburg 1.1.13

Klinik

Betten
FR

Beatmungs
betten FR

Schön Klinik Eilbek

53

31

BG Unfallklinik HH

28

16

Allocating hospitals
University hospital

AK Harburg

28

AK Nord Heidberg

5%
5%

Asklepios
Kliniken
Hamburg

36%

12

AK St. Georg

9%

Other hospitals,
surroundings

20

Wilhelmsburg Groß Sand

161

© 2013 Schön Klinik

Other hospitals,
Hamburg
University cardiac
centre

20

Frührehabetten Gesamt

15%

30%

47

others

Datenquelle: Controlling Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek

Seite 11
Effiency and Economy in German Hospitals

"Germany is part of the OECD countries with the most efficient
hospitals. The number of cases in relation to the number of
employees weighted based on ICD categories shows that the
hospitals in Germany have a comparatively low input of personnel
per case. The number of cases, though, has been rising more than in
other countries. Reasons are not clear yet.
(Source: Study, Schreyögg, Insitute for Effciency of International Hospital Systems, Management in Health Care,
University of Hamburg, 2013)

Prices for health services in German are relatively low as compared
to other OECD countries (OECD 2010).

Measuring quality across throughout patient pathways needed
Project Schön Klinik and WINEG/TK planned:
"Development of an intersectoral quality monitoring - starting with
health services at the departments of neurology and orthopedics at
Schön Klinik Eilbek"
© 2013 Schön Klinik

Seite 12
Continuous Measuring of Quality and
Outcome at Schön Clinics since 2007

• An independent, new institute for
quality assurance of hospitals will be
implemented in Germany until autumn 2014
• Annual Budget: 16 million EUR

• Tasks are e.g. measuring quality, outcomes
rather than patient satisfaction, determination
of minimum quantities for certain operations
like endoprotheses or intervertebral discs

© 2013 Schön Klinik

Seite 13
Thank you for your attention.

Seite 14

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Ernst Walther: Efficiency and economy in German hospitals

  • 1. European Health Care Summit 2014 Big hospitals versus small hospitals – is either better? Dr. Ernst Walther Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek
  • 2. Origins and history of hospitals in Germany 1285: Foundation of the „Heilig Geist Hospital“ by The city council and citizens of Lübeck 1710: Erection of the „Werk-, Zucht- und Tollhaus“ Celle by Georg I. Ludwig of Hannover (Great-Britain) 1710: Foundation of the „Charité“ by Friederich I. to prevent a spread of the plague
  • 3. Types of Hospitals in Germany • Health care provision is local, supra-local, supra-regional • Capacities are planned by the "Länder" • Hospitals differ in intensity of health care provision determined following federal state law • There are four care levels 1. Basic Hospital Services Provision 2. Regular Hospital Services Provision 3. Specialised, focused Hospital Services Provision (e.g. Schön Klinik Eilbek in Hamburg) 4. Maximum Hospital Services Provision
  • 4. Basic Facts Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek 2013 Primary care hospital with additional specialized departments . 703 beds. 24h daily emergeny room 17 medical departments / Integrated Practice Units 20.000 inpatients p.a. More than 1.600 employees 50.000 outpatient contacts p.a. Focus on orthopedics, neurology und psychosomatic medicine © 2013 Schön Klinik Seite 4
  • 5. Neurocentre Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek Head Physicians: Daniel Wertheimer und Dr. Ernst Walther Acute Care Neurology 25 beds Cases 2012: 1112 -------------------------------------------------------- Neurology Intensive Care 38 beds Neuro-ICU Neurological Early Rehabilitation 49 beds Cumulative cases 2012: 426 -------------------------------------------------------- Continuative Neurological Rehabilitation (Phases C/D) 15 beds Cases 2012: 139 © 2013 Schön Klinik Seite 5
  • 6. Neurocentre: Work force Overview: employees Physicians incl. thereof Head Physicians therof Speciality Registrars graduated nurses Therapists Hygiene specialists Tracheal cannula specialists Breathing therapists Social service employee Quality manager for relatives Certified Urologists Incontinence team (nurses) Total © 2013 Schön Klinik Accredication for medical training 45 2 7 220 70 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 Neurology 36 Mon. Neurological intensive care medicine 12 Mon. EEG training centre of the DGKN Nursing specialist in neurological early rehabilitation 346 Seite 6
  • 7. Employees in German Hospitals (in fte) 840,000 834,585 830,000 825,654 820,000 810,000 800,000 791,914 790,000 780,000 770,000 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 17% of the employees in German hospitals are physicians 83% are non-physicians, of which 45% are nurses FTE = Full Time Equivalent, Source: Federal Statistics Agency © 2013 Schön Klinik Seite 7
  • 8. Why is an early onset of rehabilitation important for the course of neurological diseases? • The likelyhood of regeneration is the earlier the better • The kind and dimension of functional deficits is better understood in multi-professional therapy teams • The dynamic and functional dimension of the disease will be better understood • Appropriate therapy strategies can be initiated promptly and focussed on the functional problem Conclusion: Neuro-rehabilitation should start during the ICU stay on the cutting edge when the acuity of the primary disease just allows the first therapeutic approaches. © 2013 Schön Klinik Seite 8
  • 9. © 2013 Schön Klinik Seite 9
  • 10. Hospital Planning and Renumeration • The federal state determines an individual health care provision mandate for each hospital i.e. the permitted quantities of health services provision (except for emergency cases) • Since 2004 most of the hospital health services are renumerated on the basis of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) • Each hospital negotiates with the local representation of the sickness fund to determine the annual budget • The annual budget is calculated by using the individual quantities of the hospital multiplied with the uniform standard price for health services in the respective state ("Landesbasisfallwert") • The deficits or surpluses are balanced in the following year © 2013 Schön Klinik Seite 10
  • 11. Patient referrals neurological early rehabilitation Hospitals Hamburg 2012 Number of beds early rehabilitation Hamburg 1.1.13 Klinik Betten FR Beatmungs betten FR Schön Klinik Eilbek 53 31 BG Unfallklinik HH 28 16 Allocating hospitals University hospital AK Harburg 28 AK Nord Heidberg 5% 5% Asklepios Kliniken Hamburg 36% 12 AK St. Georg 9% Other hospitals, surroundings 20 Wilhelmsburg Groß Sand 161 © 2013 Schön Klinik Other hospitals, Hamburg University cardiac centre 20 Frührehabetten Gesamt 15% 30% 47 others Datenquelle: Controlling Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek Seite 11
  • 12. Effiency and Economy in German Hospitals "Germany is part of the OECD countries with the most efficient hospitals. The number of cases in relation to the number of employees weighted based on ICD categories shows that the hospitals in Germany have a comparatively low input of personnel per case. The number of cases, though, has been rising more than in other countries. Reasons are not clear yet. (Source: Study, Schreyögg, Insitute for Effciency of International Hospital Systems, Management in Health Care, University of Hamburg, 2013) Prices for health services in German are relatively low as compared to other OECD countries (OECD 2010). Measuring quality across throughout patient pathways needed Project Schön Klinik and WINEG/TK planned: "Development of an intersectoral quality monitoring - starting with health services at the departments of neurology and orthopedics at Schön Klinik Eilbek" © 2013 Schön Klinik Seite 12
  • 13. Continuous Measuring of Quality and Outcome at Schön Clinics since 2007 • An independent, new institute for quality assurance of hospitals will be implemented in Germany until autumn 2014 • Annual Budget: 16 million EUR • Tasks are e.g. measuring quality, outcomes rather than patient satisfaction, determination of minimum quantities for certain operations like endoprotheses or intervertebral discs © 2013 Schön Klinik Seite 13
  • 14. Thank you for your attention. Seite 14