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Ontario Assoication of Landscape Architects AGM
               Markham City Hall
                March 23, 2012




              City Building:
           A New Convergence




                Ken Greenberg
           Greenberg Consultants, Inc.
Eric Pedersen 1960 - 2012
From feet and two wheels to four wheels……..




           ……and beyond
It seemed like such a great idea at the time




1939 World’s Fair in NY – General Motors makes its pitch Interstate Highways
…that it shaped a whole new way of living
But unfortunately the reality is not quite like the dream…..
and ultimately tests to failure….




                                we pollute the atmosphere
                                and induce climate change




                                                            and Peak Oil arrives
As the roads quickly fill up



                                    compromise our health
In 2 generations the urban world is transformeda walk out of the city, pretty much any city
                                       Just take
From lively active sidewalks   …to forlorn arteries lined with parking lots
These two worlds are experiencing parallel and complementary challenges
Battle lines are drawn: Jacobs vs. Moses
and ultimately people start to vote with their feet




    ….as walkable urban places are seen by many to provide a more satisfying
    future and shared public spaces become a key to economic vitality
provoking a great reversal




1970                                         2005

Average Individual Income, City of Toronto
with a corresponding gradation of auto dependence
             Walking                        Driving




             Cycling                       Transit
A pattern of living and
working emerges that is
ultimately not sustainable
with dramatic impacts on
congestion




                             Source: MTO, GO Transit, Globe and Mail
AUTOPIA                                                            DEAD MALLS
High Gas Prices Worsening the Housing Bust–But Not                 Where Malls are Dying in America
Downtown                                                           From the Wall Street Journal
By Marty Jerome                                                     By Kellvyn Brown , 05-22-09
April 24, 2008 |
Here’s a real-estate tip: Buy downtown. In many cities, prices
have already bottomed out and are holding steady–or nudging
up. The same can’t be said for the suburbs. In fact, commute
times to downtown areas are turning out to be a direct
predictor of how far home prices have fallen–and how far off a
recovery still is. The longer the commute, the bigger the drop.
High gas prices alone don’t explain why many people are                       and cracks appear in the auto
moving closer to work. But they’re giving many Americans a                        dependent paradigm
painful reminder that long commutes carry aggravations that
ultimately didn’t justify saving money on a house: the weeks
spent every year sitting in snarled traffic, the mortal peril of
congested freeways, the maintenance and fast depreciation of
your car, and so forth.
The Good (City) Life: Why New York's Life Expectancy Is the Highest in
the Nation
Nona Wilils Arononowitz
…. The latest data from the Bureau of Vital Statistics shows New York City…has the
highest life expectancy in the country. Babies born in 2009 can expect to live a record
80.6 years. That's almost three years longer than a decade ago, and more than two
years longer than the current national average of 78.2 years.

First, we don't spend our entire lives in cars. We walk everywhere. With narrow
streets, an abundance of stores, and a dearth of parking, the city is practically
designed to make us walk. Before we get on the subway, we walk there, and after we
arrive at our stop, we climb numerous flights of stairs.

Our old people also have it much better than the elderly in bucolic settings. The
essentials—food, medicine, laundromats, parks—are usually mere blocks from their
homes. The hospital is likely a shorter distance away, too. High population density
means a plethora of neighbors who can look after each other. When people live on
top of each other, the likelihood of social isolation plummets—and the age of death
rises. Life expectancy isn't the whole story—just because someone is old doesn't
mean they're able to live a pleasurable and fulfilling life. But cities like New York
tend to provide that, too. There's something to be said for mental stimulation, which
New York City delivers in droves. Studies have shown that cultural attractions getting
people out of the house and exercising their brains elongate life. So do friends. So,
apparently, do random people with crazy outfits walking down the street. The more
variety in one's daily life, the more life is, literally, worth living.
Despite the caveats, this newest data makes it clear: It's high time for the myth of
the “urban health penalty” to die out.
These challenges (and others) are immense but cities, the most
   remarkable of human creations and the great synthesizers, have an
   incredible capacity to learn, to recover, and to adapt

MAKING THE PARADIGM SHIFT - unlearning bad habits, new tools, teams and ways of working




    Taking a method on the road to Saint Paul – the Saint Paul on the Mississippi Development Framework
    Making mixed-use, compact, dense, walkable places
Learning that ‘sustainability’ is not a category but a way of synthesizing and connecting




                 ‘Symbiocity’                      Finding the essential DNA to create new places
Recycling obsolescent lands and resources
Recognizing that quality of life is a key economic asset
Developing the critical ability to assemble the pieces
Adaptive Re-use
Warehouse Districts
THE KINGS




       Layering on What Exists
Adding to the richness and synergy
Making each chess piece count
Appreciating the great value of a shared strategic vision
Maintaining a strategic overview of transforming moves
Drilling down
Re-tooling our infrastructure while revising our priorities for city streets




Experiencing New York in a whole new way - Broadway from 23rd Street to Columbus Circle at 59th Street
…and expanding the range of ways to get around
Back to the future in unexpected ways
                                        Motor Car Laws are   Separate Auto Paths
                                        badly needed         may be the answer!
New designs appear for sharing the rights-0f-way into “complete streets”
Including re-allocating space in existing rights-of-way
Making room for and developing respect for all users
As priorities reverse again….
Creating a world where kids can ride their bikes to school again




         understanding that active transportation contributes to public health
Car free Sundays in the Emperor’s Palace
Transformations of urban and suburban environments – 1980’s and 2011




St. Lawrence Historic District               Bank Street Ottawa
Transit as the armature of urban growth
Making new neighbourhoods with transit priority, fine-grained pedestrian and cycle networks




                      Fine-grained pedestrian and cycle networks
                        Fine-grained pedestrian and cycle networks
Responding to shifts in how existing streets are actually used
In city after city streets redesigned – King Street in Kitchener , St. Catherine in Montreal,
Granville in Vancouver, Bank Street in Ottawa, Yonge Street and John Street in Toronto
Including temporary pedestrian takeovers of city streets – sharing in time
104th Street Edmonton
Y0nge Street, Toronto
Re-learning how to make dense and diverse cities work for all ages and abilities
But it’s not just how dense you make it; it’s how you make it dense!
Finding ways to achieve higher levels of mix and overlap in new projects




Kendall Square in Cambridge and pedestrian street in Malmo
Universities and Colleges as city builders
Recovering from errors




Regent Park public housing project rebuilt as an new mixed-use mixed income neighbourhood
Making room for diversity and initiative: tapping the ingenuity of new arrivals -
  allowing the city to evolve




The incubation of businesses for new immigrant communities now happens in the suburban strip mall
Dealing with the powerful imperatives of nature




                                          Integratng flood proofing with city building - an urban estuary
                                          where the Don River enters Toronto Harbour


Recovering from the disastrous mudslide
on the Venezuelan coast
Co-existence – the Intertwining of the urban and the natural
Seeing the big picture; forging connections to great natural features
Responding to the irresistible urge to get to the water’s edge
The city becomes its own year round resort
Public Space as the life blood of social communities
The essential common ground in a city of new arrivals
And yet under severe stress just when it most needed
New roles for civil society in the breach
The big design and development project of the next 50 years:
            Retrofitting suburban infrastructure
Suburban Transformations




     Mississauga - A “Vibrant Downtown” is one of 8 themes in the city’s
     Strategic Plan for next millennium
Marrying land use, transit investment and urban form – Downtown 2021
Public and private convergence to make it mixed, compact and walkable




                                  Colonizing the parking lots in Mississauga from a Farmers
                                  Market to the creation of a new downtown nieighbourhood
A Regional Focus – Support from 3 interlocking Provincial Plans for the GTHA




    “Greater Toronto Area Greenbelt”                    “Places to Grow”




                                       “The Big Move”
Putting it all together - trailblazing in cities that are leading the way




                     Boston/Cambridge, Vancouver, Stockholm, Paris
There is an overwhelming case for empowering cities

Cities hold the key to a more sustainable future
 Need to make the paradigm shift there - we have no better options
 Success goes to those cities that make the transition
 We need to make the critical changes together in democratic settings
 We need to create a new political space that reflects how we actually live in cities

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Oala agm markham ken greenberg

  • 1. Ontario Assoication of Landscape Architects AGM Markham City Hall March 23, 2012 City Building: A New Convergence Ken Greenberg Greenberg Consultants, Inc.
  • 3.
  • 4. From feet and two wheels to four wheels…….. ……and beyond
  • 5. It seemed like such a great idea at the time 1939 World’s Fair in NY – General Motors makes its pitch Interstate Highways
  • 6. …that it shaped a whole new way of living
  • 7. But unfortunately the reality is not quite like the dream…..
  • 8. and ultimately tests to failure…. we pollute the atmosphere and induce climate change and Peak Oil arrives As the roads quickly fill up compromise our health
  • 9. In 2 generations the urban world is transformeda walk out of the city, pretty much any city Just take
  • 10. From lively active sidewalks …to forlorn arteries lined with parking lots
  • 11. These two worlds are experiencing parallel and complementary challenges
  • 12. Battle lines are drawn: Jacobs vs. Moses
  • 13. and ultimately people start to vote with their feet ….as walkable urban places are seen by many to provide a more satisfying future and shared public spaces become a key to economic vitality
  • 14. provoking a great reversal 1970 2005 Average Individual Income, City of Toronto
  • 15. with a corresponding gradation of auto dependence Walking Driving Cycling Transit
  • 16. A pattern of living and working emerges that is ultimately not sustainable with dramatic impacts on congestion Source: MTO, GO Transit, Globe and Mail
  • 17. AUTOPIA DEAD MALLS High Gas Prices Worsening the Housing Bust–But Not Where Malls are Dying in America Downtown From the Wall Street Journal By Marty Jerome By Kellvyn Brown , 05-22-09 April 24, 2008 | Here’s a real-estate tip: Buy downtown. In many cities, prices have already bottomed out and are holding steady–or nudging up. The same can’t be said for the suburbs. In fact, commute times to downtown areas are turning out to be a direct predictor of how far home prices have fallen–and how far off a recovery still is. The longer the commute, the bigger the drop. High gas prices alone don’t explain why many people are and cracks appear in the auto moving closer to work. But they’re giving many Americans a dependent paradigm painful reminder that long commutes carry aggravations that ultimately didn’t justify saving money on a house: the weeks spent every year sitting in snarled traffic, the mortal peril of congested freeways, the maintenance and fast depreciation of your car, and so forth.
  • 18. The Good (City) Life: Why New York's Life Expectancy Is the Highest in the Nation Nona Wilils Arononowitz …. The latest data from the Bureau of Vital Statistics shows New York City…has the highest life expectancy in the country. Babies born in 2009 can expect to live a record 80.6 years. That's almost three years longer than a decade ago, and more than two years longer than the current national average of 78.2 years. First, we don't spend our entire lives in cars. We walk everywhere. With narrow streets, an abundance of stores, and a dearth of parking, the city is practically designed to make us walk. Before we get on the subway, we walk there, and after we arrive at our stop, we climb numerous flights of stairs. Our old people also have it much better than the elderly in bucolic settings. The essentials—food, medicine, laundromats, parks—are usually mere blocks from their homes. The hospital is likely a shorter distance away, too. High population density means a plethora of neighbors who can look after each other. When people live on top of each other, the likelihood of social isolation plummets—and the age of death rises. Life expectancy isn't the whole story—just because someone is old doesn't mean they're able to live a pleasurable and fulfilling life. But cities like New York tend to provide that, too. There's something to be said for mental stimulation, which New York City delivers in droves. Studies have shown that cultural attractions getting people out of the house and exercising their brains elongate life. So do friends. So, apparently, do random people with crazy outfits walking down the street. The more variety in one's daily life, the more life is, literally, worth living. Despite the caveats, this newest data makes it clear: It's high time for the myth of the “urban health penalty” to die out.
  • 19.
  • 20. These challenges (and others) are immense but cities, the most remarkable of human creations and the great synthesizers, have an incredible capacity to learn, to recover, and to adapt MAKING THE PARADIGM SHIFT - unlearning bad habits, new tools, teams and ways of working Taking a method on the road to Saint Paul – the Saint Paul on the Mississippi Development Framework Making mixed-use, compact, dense, walkable places
  • 21. Learning that ‘sustainability’ is not a category but a way of synthesizing and connecting ‘Symbiocity’ Finding the essential DNA to create new places
  • 23. Recognizing that quality of life is a key economic asset
  • 24. Developing the critical ability to assemble the pieces
  • 25. Adaptive Re-use Warehouse Districts THE KINGS Layering on What Exists
  • 26. Adding to the richness and synergy
  • 27. Making each chess piece count
  • 28. Appreciating the great value of a shared strategic vision
  • 29. Maintaining a strategic overview of transforming moves
  • 31. Re-tooling our infrastructure while revising our priorities for city streets Experiencing New York in a whole new way - Broadway from 23rd Street to Columbus Circle at 59th Street
  • 32. …and expanding the range of ways to get around
  • 33. Back to the future in unexpected ways Motor Car Laws are Separate Auto Paths badly needed may be the answer!
  • 34. New designs appear for sharing the rights-0f-way into “complete streets”
  • 35. Including re-allocating space in existing rights-of-way
  • 36. Making room for and developing respect for all users As priorities reverse again….
  • 37. Creating a world where kids can ride their bikes to school again understanding that active transportation contributes to public health
  • 38. Car free Sundays in the Emperor’s Palace
  • 39. Transformations of urban and suburban environments – 1980’s and 2011 St. Lawrence Historic District Bank Street Ottawa
  • 40. Transit as the armature of urban growth
  • 41. Making new neighbourhoods with transit priority, fine-grained pedestrian and cycle networks Fine-grained pedestrian and cycle networks Fine-grained pedestrian and cycle networks
  • 42. Responding to shifts in how existing streets are actually used
  • 43. In city after city streets redesigned – King Street in Kitchener , St. Catherine in Montreal, Granville in Vancouver, Bank Street in Ottawa, Yonge Street and John Street in Toronto
  • 44. Including temporary pedestrian takeovers of city streets – sharing in time
  • 47. Re-learning how to make dense and diverse cities work for all ages and abilities
  • 48. But it’s not just how dense you make it; it’s how you make it dense!
  • 49. Finding ways to achieve higher levels of mix and overlap in new projects Kendall Square in Cambridge and pedestrian street in Malmo
  • 50. Universities and Colleges as city builders
  • 51. Recovering from errors Regent Park public housing project rebuilt as an new mixed-use mixed income neighbourhood
  • 52. Making room for diversity and initiative: tapping the ingenuity of new arrivals - allowing the city to evolve The incubation of businesses for new immigrant communities now happens in the suburban strip mall
  • 53. Dealing with the powerful imperatives of nature Integratng flood proofing with city building - an urban estuary where the Don River enters Toronto Harbour Recovering from the disastrous mudslide on the Venezuelan coast
  • 54. Co-existence – the Intertwining of the urban and the natural
  • 55. Seeing the big picture; forging connections to great natural features
  • 56. Responding to the irresistible urge to get to the water’s edge
  • 57. The city becomes its own year round resort
  • 58. Public Space as the life blood of social communities
  • 59. The essential common ground in a city of new arrivals
  • 60. And yet under severe stress just when it most needed
  • 61. New roles for civil society in the breach
  • 62. The big design and development project of the next 50 years: Retrofitting suburban infrastructure
  • 63. Suburban Transformations Mississauga - A “Vibrant Downtown” is one of 8 themes in the city’s Strategic Plan for next millennium
  • 64. Marrying land use, transit investment and urban form – Downtown 2021
  • 65. Public and private convergence to make it mixed, compact and walkable Colonizing the parking lots in Mississauga from a Farmers Market to the creation of a new downtown nieighbourhood
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 69. A Regional Focus – Support from 3 interlocking Provincial Plans for the GTHA “Greater Toronto Area Greenbelt” “Places to Grow” “The Big Move”
  • 70. Putting it all together - trailblazing in cities that are leading the way Boston/Cambridge, Vancouver, Stockholm, Paris
  • 71. There is an overwhelming case for empowering cities Cities hold the key to a more sustainable future Need to make the paradigm shift there - we have no better options Success goes to those cities that make the transition We need to make the critical changes together in democratic settings We need to create a new political space that reflects how we actually live in cities