Anatomy pharynx and larynx - Olaleye

1. Pharynx & Larynx
Olaleye O.O.
2B10

2. • Pharynx
– Subdivisions and borders
– Pharyngeal muscles
– Pharyngeal gaps
– Blood supply and innervation
• Larynx
– Laryngeal cartilages
Paired vs. unpaired
Basic structure
Membranes and ligaments
– Vocal cords and folds
– Muscles and innervation
– Blood supply

3. • Is a wide muscular tube
• 12 cm in length
• Located posterior to the nasal and oral cavities
• Extends inferiorly, posterior to the larynx
• Extends from the cranial base to the inferior border of the cricoid
cartilage (anteriorly) and inferior border of C6 (posteriorly) [Extends
from the base of the skull to the level of the C6 vertebra]where it is
continuous with the oesophagus
• Widest opposite the hyoid bone and narrowest at the junction where
it joins the oesophagus

4. Pharyngeal wall
The wall of the Pharynx consists of five layers:
1. Mucous membrane
2. Submucosa
3. Pharyngobasilar fascia
4. Pharyngeal muscles (3 constrictors)
1. Stylopharyngeus
2. Salpingopharyngeus
3. palatopharyngeus
5. Buccopharyngeal fascia

6. • Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx

7. • Respiratory function
• Roof and Posterior wall:
Continuous surface that lies inferior to the body of the sphenoid bone
and the basilar part of the occipital bone
• Pharyngeal tonsils:
Found in the mucous membrane of the roof and the posterior wall of
the nasopharynx

9. • Digestive function
• Aids in the process of deglutition
• Borders
Superiorly: Soft Palate
Inferiorly: Base of the Tongue
Laterally: Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal arches

10. • Palatine tonsils
– Collections of lymphoid tissue on either side of the Oropharynx
between the arches
• Tonsillar bed
– Superior constrictor of the pharynx and the pharyngobasilar fascia
form the tonsillar bed

12. • Extends from the superior border of the epiglottis and the pharyngoepiglottic
folds to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
• Borders
Posteriorly:
related to the bodies of the C4- C6 vertebrae
Posterior and lateral walls:
Middle and Inferior constrictor muscles

13. • Palatopharyngeus and Stylopharyngeus muscles form the walls
• Piriform recess, small depression of the laryngopharyngeal cavity on either
side of the laryngeal inlet
• Separated from the laryngeal inlet by the aryepiglottic fold

15. 2 layers of voluntary muscle:
• External circular layer
• Internal circular layer

16. External circular layer
• Constrictor muscles
• Primarily responsible for constricting the pharynx during swallowing
• Mainly innervated by the pharyngeal branch of vagus and the
pharyngeal plexus
• Middle and Inferior constrictor muscles are also innervated by the
external and recurrent laryngeal nerves

17. • Internal Longitudinal layer
• Elevate/shorten and widen the pharynx during swallowing and speaking
• Palatopharyngeus
• Stylopharyngeus
• Salpingopharyngeus
• Palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus are innervated by the
pharyngeal branch of CNX and the pharyngeal plexus
• Stylopharyngeus is innervated by CN IX

19. • 1. Cranium to Superior Constrictor muscle
Levator Veli Palatini
Pharyngotympanic tube
Ascending palatine artery
• 2. Superior Constrictor to Middle Constrictor
Stylopharyngeus
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Stylohyoid ligament

20. • 3. Middle Constrictor to Inferior Constrictor
Internal laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal artery and vein, which passes to the larynx
• 4. Inferior to the Inferior Constrictor Muscle
Recurrent Laryngeal nerve
Inferior Laryngeal artery

23. Supply to the upper parts of the pharynx
• Ascending pharyngeal artery
• Ascending palatine artery
• Tonsillar branches of the facial artery
• Branches of the maxillary and lingual arteries
Supply to the lower parts of the pharynx
• Pharyngeal branches of the inferior thyroid artery

24. LARYNX
• Is the upper , expanded part of the windpipe
which is modified for phonation
• Supported by a number of cartilages

25. • Complex organ of voice production
• Composed of 9 cartilages connected by membranes and ligaments
• Contains the vocal folds
• Located anteriorly in the neck
• Vertebral levels C3-C6
• Connects the inferior part of the Oropharynx to the trachea
• Lies anterior to the Laryngopharnx
• Secondary function is to guard the air passages

27. • 3 unpaired cartilages
Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottic
• 3 paired cartilages
Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate

35. • Main divisions of the Laryngeal Cavity
Laryngeal Vestibule
Middle part of the laryngeal cavity
Laryngeal Ventricle
Infraglottic cavity
• Vocal folds and ligaments
• Quadrangular membrane

40. Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Cricothyroid Antero-lateral part Inferior margin and External Stretches and tenses
of cricoid cartilage inferior horn of thyroid laryngeal nerve vocal ligament
cartilage
Thyro-arytenoid Lower ½ of Anterolateral arytenoid Relaxes valocal
posterior aspect of surface ligament
angle of thyroid
laminae and
cricothyroid
ligament
Posterior Crico- Posterior surface Abducts vocal folds
arytenoid of lamina of cricoid
cartilage Inferior
Vocal process of laryngeal nerve
arytenoid cartilage (terminal part of
Lateral crico- Arch of arytenoid recurrent Adducts vocal folds
arytenoid cartilage laryngeal nerve
from vagus)
Transverse & One arytenoid Contra-lateral arytenoid Adducts arytenoid
Oblique arytenoids cartilage cartilage cartilages
Vocalis Lateral surface of Ipsilateral vocal ligament Relaxes posterior vocal
vocal process of ligament while
arytenoid maintaining tension of
cartilages anterior part

41. • Superior Laryngeal artery
Supplies the internal surface of the larynx
• Cricothyroid artery
Supplies the cricothyroid muscle
• Inferior Laryngeal artery
Supplies the mucous membrane and the muscles of the inferior part of the
larynx