Intro_oddology2

oddologyTM
The story told, in this presentation, with the
help of text, pictures and symbols, may be of
interest to some people.
The story has been given the name oddology.
It is requested that this name is referred to, by
other people, if they begin to manipulate
information, as suggested in the story.
30/09/2014
THE STORY IN THESE SLIDES IS
COPYRIGHTED MORESOURCE Ltd.
1

30/09/2014
215/11/2010
ALL INFORMATION ON SLIDES IS
2
THE WORLD’S MOST COMPLEX MACHINE
FOR MANIPULATING INFORMATION
THE WORLD’S SIMPLEST MACHINE
FOR MANIPULATING INFORMATION
MANIPULATION* OF INFORMATION
WE NEED TO GET BACK TO FUNDAMENTALS IN ORDER TO
TEACH COMPUTERS ABOUT OUR WORLD
* The term ‘manipulation of information’,
can as a minimum be suggested to mean to:
make new,
retrieve,
store,
process and
transmit/communicate information.

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The digital computer is an invention that “manipulates information”,
i.e. it can store, process and distribute information to other
computers in networks.
Computers use the idea of zero or one for both processing and
storing information, as well as distributing/communicating information.
The zero or one idea can be called the “Digital Idea” and expanded
to include:
• Yes or No,
• Like that or NOT like that.
• True or False
BACK TO FUNDAMENTALS
”THE DIGITAL IDEA”

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Language was developed to tell what goes on in our brains
Language therefore enabled us to tell stories, and people tell stories in all languages
Verbal stories can be written down as text, with pictures and/or film
assisting with the telling of stories. They are then contained in documents
All stories are interpreted by the receiving person to obtain ”meaning”
and/or ”understanding” for that person
”Meaning” and/or ”understanding”, of a story, does NOT always come easy
Persons may have different ”meanings” and/or ”understandings”, of a story
Meaning and/or understanding is even more difficult to get,
when a story is heard or read in an unknown language
LANGUAGE and ”THE DIGITAL IDEA”

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Some differences between computers and humans
Computers
DO NOT have:
1. Meanings
2. Opinions
3. Problems
4. Understandings
Computers
DO NOT enjoy:
A. Jokes
B. Debates
C. Metaphors
D. Reading stories
Most humans have one
or more of 1, 2, 3 and 4
Most humans enjoy one
or more of A, B, C and D
What we have in common is that both computers
and humans can ”manipulate” information

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Postulate:
Information is always about something!!
That ”something” can be called ”an entity.”
The information about an entity can be called ”its attributes”.
Therefore: "Information is attributes about entities”,
“ Attributes about entities is information”
THEREFORE; BACK TO FUNDAMENTALS:
IT IS WE HUMANS THAT NEED TO DEFINE
WHAT INFORMATION IS, OR IS NOT

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There are two types of attributes:
A. Those that can be measured, using some
defined and agreed units of measurement
B. Those that can NOT be measured. These
are “assigned” to entities, by people,
including possible relations/associations
of entities.
ATTRIBUTES

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In addition, can be stated that:
"Entities are occurrences of an entity type*",
"Entities can make relations/associations, which can be
called “associate entities“
"There are physical and non-physical entities”
BACK TO FUNDAMENTALS
* Some Entity Types, in an industry, can be called the
Basic Entity Types (BETs), for that industry.

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Why Basic Entity Types (BETs)?
Manipulating information about oil- and gas- wells may not be important for Marks & Spencer,
Sainsbury and other retailers, but quite important for Shell and BP, and indeed for other
companies in the oil industry
Shell and BP may not be interested in the same wells, but all their wells belong to entity type
”Well”, and so do the other wells that other such companies have information about.
Shell, BP and other companies employ People to do work for them, and so do M & S,
Sainsbury and other retailers. All persons belong to entity type ”Person”.
Persons and Wells can be classified in many ways, thus becoming specialisations of
Person and Well, but they remain Persons and Wells. They are NOT a specialisation,
or a class, of something else, other than all individual entities being physical,
It thus becomes necessary to make choises as to which entities, belonging to
which entity types, one wish to have information about, in an industry.
The entity types needed in an industry, and that are NOT merely a specialisation of
another entity type, can be called Basic Entity Types (BETs), for that industry

Basic Entity Types (BETs) for the Oil Industry
FUNCTION
PART-FUNCTION
FUNCTIONAL
PACKAGE
ITEM FUNCTION
TASK
r
BUSINESS
OBJECTIVE
BUSINESS
PART-OBJECTIVE
PURPOSE
PERSON
EQUIPMENT
TOOL
WELL MATERIAL
NONE E ,T,W,C
MATERIALS
COMPONENT
WELL
COMPANY/
ORGANISATION
10
NATURAL PROCESS
UNIT PROCESS
GEOLOGICAL STRATA
GEOLOGICAL FAULT
MEDIUM
CHEMICAL REACTION
CHEMICAL
ELEMENT
UNWANTED
EVENT
ROBOT
COMPUTER
DOCUMENT
TIME
SPACE/AREA

FUNCTION
PART-FUNCTION
FUNCTIONAL
PACKAGE
ITEM FUNCTION
TASK
r
BUSINESS
OBJECTIVE
BUSINESS
PART-OBJECTIVE
PURPOSE
COMPANY/
ORGANISATION
11
NATURAL PROCESSUNIT PROCESS
CHEMICAL REACTION
UNWANTED
EVENT
DOCUMENT
The Basic Entity Types for the Oil Industry;
the occurrences of which are non-physical
•The lack of recognition and consistent definition of
most of these entity types* have made previous efforts
in so-called “ER modelling” difficult/unsuccessful.
•Standards for identifiers should be agreed. *Companies and
Documents have various
identifiers

Car
function
Engine
function
Body
function
Chassi
function
Wheel
function
etc.
Cylinder
function
Crankshaft
function
Block
function
Piston
function
etc.
is not
is not
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THE IDEA OF COMPOSITION
One can say that an entity at one place in the composition consists of, or
is being defined by way of the underlying entities. The Idea of Compositions
are used, in oddology, to define some non-physical BET entities

Business part-
objective 1
Business
Objective,
Business part-
objective 2
Business part-
objective 3
Business part-
objective 4
etc.
etc.
Purpose 3.1 Purpose 3.2 Purpose 3.3 Purpose 3.4
BUSINESS OBJECTIVE COMPOSITION WITH PURPOSES AT
THE LOWEST DIVIDE
Business Objectives defined using Compositions
NEW
INFORMATION
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EXAMPLE: EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE BUSINESS
PART BUSINESS
EQUIPMENT
SERVICING
L3.2.1
EQUIPMENT
MAINTENANCE
L3.2
PART BUSINESS
EQUIPMENT
TESTING AND
INSPECTIO
L3.2.2
PART BUSINESS
EQUIPMENT
REPAIR
L3.2.3
PART BUSINESS
EQUIPMENT
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
L3.2.4
To keep equipment
operating
To acquire information
about equipment
To make equipment
fit for purpose/have integrity
To establish which
tasks need to be done
PART BUSINESS
OBJECTIVE
PART BUSINESS
OBJECTIVE
PART BUSINESS
OBJECTIVE
PART BUSINESS
OBJECTIVE
Business objective description:
To have fit for purpose equipment
and have information about them
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Business part objective:
To make equipment fit for purpose/
have integrity
- Equipment item function
performance
- Physical strength
- Dynamic state
- Fluid containment
- Fluid condition
- Fluid flow
- Equipment temperature
-
Equipment pressure
-
Equipment dimension
-
Equipment cracks
-
Equipment volume
-
Equipment electrical
containment
- Equipment electric
Conductivity-
Equipment electrical potential
- Signal transmission
- Equipment LSA
- Equipment coating condition
PART BUSINESS
EQUIPMENT
REPAIR
(L3.2.3)
SAMPLE OF PURPOSES FOR
EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE PART BUSINESS
EQUIPMENT REPAIR (L3.2.3)
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- Function capability test
- Strength Inspection
- Fluid containment observation
- Fluid flow test
- Sources of Ignition checks
- Trip Testing
- Trip Actuation
- Equipment function performance
- Fluid Flow
- Mechanical Strength
- Dynamic condition improvement
- Fluid Containment
- Temperature Containment
- Electrical Containment
- Function Controlability
Equipment classes
Pumps Comp- Gene-
ressors rators
Motors Pipes Heat-
exchanger
Instru-
ments
Cables
Purposes forTesting and Inspection part objective
Purposes for Repair part objective
- Vibration measurements
- Temperature measurements
- Dimensional checks
- Electrical containment checks
- Dimensional correctness
- Electrical Conductivity
- Source of ignition removal
- Logic impulses provision
- Trip impulse provision
- Trip reaction
- Radiation removal
etc.
Purposes for different Equipment Classes
30/09/2014 16

DEFINITION OF A TASK
TASK
NEW
INFORMATION
NOTE 1: NOTE 2:
A TASK IS A UNIT OF WORK THAT PEOPLE CAN DO
NEW INFORMATION IS ALWAYS
ONE OR MORE NEW ENTITIES or
ONE OR MORE NEW ATTRIBUTES about
EXISTING ENTITIES
THERE ARE
PHYSICAL AND
NON-PHYSICAL
ENTITIES
i.e. A task is a none physical entity
which can have a relationship with persons.
A person can do many tasks and
one task can be done by many persons.
Unit of work (Task)
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Business part-
objective 1
Business
Objective,
Business part-
objective 2
Business part-
objective 3
Business part-
objective 4
etc.
etc.
Purpose 3.1 Purpose 3.2 Purpose 3.3 Purpose 3.4
1. BUSINESS OBJECTIVE COMPOSITION WITH PURPOSES AT THE LOWEST DIVIDE
2. ASSIGNMENT OF TASKS TO ACHIEVE PURPOSES
Business Objectives and Tasks relations
NB! A TASK CAN BE ASSIGNED TO MORE THAN ONE PURPOSE.
I.E. SUB-SETS OF TASKS FOR PURPOSES CAN OVERLAP.
TASKS
NEW
INFORMATION
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IMPLEMENTATION OF A TASK
TASK
NEW
INFORMATION
EXISTING
INFORMATION

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FUNCTION F21FUNCTION F19 FUNCTION F23FUNCTION F22FUNCTION F20
PART-FUNCTION
F21.1
PART-FUNCTION
F21.2
PART-FUNCTION
F21.3
PART-FUNCTION
F21.4
FUNCTIONAL
PACKAGE F21.3.01
FUNCTIONAL
PACKAGE F21.3.02
FUNCTIONAL
PACKAGE F21.3.03
TOTAL
FUNCTIONALITY
OF FACILITIES
etc.
ITEM FUNCTION
F21.3.02.01
ITEM FUNCTION
F21.3.02.02
ITEM FUNCTION
F21.3.02.03
ITEM FUNCTION
F21.3.02.04
Functions defined using Compositions
FUNCTIONAL
PACKAGE F21.3.04
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
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F20. Separation & Stabilization
F20.1 Incoming crude oil
F20.2 Manifolding
F20.3 1st stage separating
F20.4 2nd stage separating
F20.6 Oil conditioning
F20.7 Well testing
F21. Crude Handling
F21.1 Crude storage
F21.2 Crude transfer
F21.3 Metering
F21.4 Crude offloading
F21.5 Crude Oil Washing (COW)
F21.6 Crude venting
EXAMPLES OF FUNCTIONS and PART-FUNCTIONS
F23. Gas Compression LP
F23.1 LP gas suction and scrubbing
F23.2 1st stage compression
F23.3 2nd stage compression
F23.9 LP Compression driving
F24. Gas dehydration
F24.1 Gas dehydration
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BUSINESS
OBJECTIVE
PURPOSE
BUSINESS
PART-
OBJECTIVE
TASKS
BUSINESS OBJECTIVES,
PURPOSES and
TASKS TO ACHIEVE THEM
ITEM
FUNCTION
FUNCTIONALITIES and
EQUIPMENT PERFORMING THEM
EQUIPMENT
FUNCTIONAL
PACKAGE
FUNCTION
PART-UNCTION
Actual entities can
be
standardized
for all design
and operation
Facility dependent
(i.e. cannot be standardized
for the industry)
FUNCTION GROUP*
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(*FUNCTION GROUP
if considered useful)
STANDARDISATIONS IN THE OIL- and GAS-INDUSTRY

THE IDEA OF CLASSIFICATION
(sometimes called SPECIALISATION)
Equipment
Pump
etc.
Instrument Motor Heat-
Exchanger
Centrifugal
Pump
Reciprocating
Pump
Screw
Pump
Gear
Pump
etc.
Equipment
Pump
etc.
Instrument Motor Heat-
Exchanger
Centrifugal
Pump
Reciprocating
Pump
Screw
Pump
Gear
Pump
etc.is
is
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All entities, being occurrences of BETs, can be Classified, but they remain
occurrences of BETs, also after such specialisations.
Occurrences of a BET may be occurrences of another BET. E.g. A Natural Process
can be an Unwanted Event.

Information, to be communicated, must be available before it can be communicated
Therefore:
“Communication is distribution of already available information, to a(nother) receiver”. The
information does not change by being communicated
The digital computer distributes information to other computers in networks, using the
digital idea.
People use languages and documents to communicate with each other, but LANGUAGE
and DOCUMENT are NOT information
There are thousands of languages available. Some say 8000, but the information (about
entities) do not change because another language is being used to communicate the
information
Documents are entities where information can be stored. One document can contain
information about many entities, and information about one entity can be found in many
documents
Since neither LANGUAGE or DOCUMENT are information, it is often difficult to identify the
information when LANGUAGE and/or DOCUMENT are used for communication.
COMMUNICATION IN THE ”DIGITAL WORLD”
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 All words in the left column represent ”a Person”.
 The digital idea requires a separation between the entity (which needs an identifier)
and its attributes/relations.
 In the right column can be seen some suggested attributes/relations that can
make sense of what the word in the left column represents.
LANGUAGE IS NOT REALLY SUITABLE FOR COMMUNICATING INFORMATION
Word in language Explanation using the digital idea
Administrator, Boss, Chef, Chief, Cook,
Dentist, Director, Examiner, Executive,
Governor, Joiner, Manager, Officer
All these are due to the relationship with sets
of Tasks (work) the person do or can do
Activist, Criminal, Crook, Hoodlum, Hooligan,
Lout, Thug, Terrorist, Rebel
Based on an assigned relationship with tasks
the person has previously done
Proprietor, Landowner, Owner Relationship with the person and some
other entity
Captive, Detainee, Hostage, Inmate, Prisoner Relationship with where (the area) the
person is located (most likely also against
his or hers own wish)
Adult, Baby, Child, Kid, Teenager, Youngster,
Veteran,
Here the age attribute of the person results
in the chosen word
Collector, Hoarder, Miser, Saver, Scrooge,
Stasher
Here the person is assigned a wealth
attribute of some kind
He, Man, She, Woman Gender attribute of the person for word
Brother, Father, Mother, Sister Gender attribute and relationship of the
person with another person

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30
PERCEPTION WITH “INFORMATION” IN DOCUMENTS

One generally perceived view, about IT systems development
“They run over budgets and over time and,
if and when completed, they do not perform as they should”
This is a result of:
• Not accepting a clear definition of information and
• Not separating information from communication,
In addition, most lectures about IT systems, and their benefits, are full of:
• Fables
• Metaphors
• Myths
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE IT INDUSTRY
The following slides provide some evidence of terms and meataphors used.
No two people, let alone all the people in an industry can interprete these
terms the same way.
30/09/2014 31

Terms by others. E.g. FT’s Mastering Information Mgt
Information Access Knowledge Accumulation
Information Age Knowledge Application
Information Asymmetries Knowledge Creation
Information Bombardment Knowledge Creators
Information Bottlenecks Knowledge Flow
Information Capturing Knowledge Management
Information Collection Knowledge Process
Information Content Knowledge Residing
Information Context Knowledge Sharing
Information Conveying Knowledge Transparency
Information Creation Knowledge Use
Information Distribution Knowledge Value
Information Evaluation Knowledge Workers
Information Flow Knowledge work Processes
Information Frontier Knowledge work Project
Information Glue Learning Culture
Information Manipulation Learning Just-in-time
Information Organization Learning after Doing
Information Processing Learning before Doing
Information Reach Learning during Doing
Information Receiving Learning while Doing
Information Repositories Organizational Hierarchies
Information Richness Organizational Activity
Information Sharing Organizational Culture
Information Storing Organizational Cultures
Information Transparency Organize People
Information Value Organize Processes
Information about Knowledge Strategic Change
Information management Strategic Thinking30/09/2014 32

Fast implementation and record-breaking performance speeds will skyrocket your
Business Intelligence project.
Use Business Intelligence to turn a team into a consistently-overachieving selling
machine.
Big Data Analytics by Storm
Building from scratch a unique BI technology
Powerful technology on the back-end to crunch big data sets
Independently join multiple, large data sources, analyze and visualize them in
beautiful dashboards, Share, filter, drill down on the data
Dig for insights and make fact-based decisions fast and efficiently.
Big Data Analytics can be a challenging concept with multiple sources, a number of
different ways to connect and users wanting insight faster than ever.
METAPHORS etc
30/09/2014 33

Improve the performance of connecting to Big Data sources
A quick walk through of several best practices for working and connecting to Big
Data sources
A successful Business Intelligence Proof of Concept (POC) will save time and
money and will ensure you don’t outgrow your BI solution.
5 Tips to a Successful Proof-Of-Concept (POC) for Business Analytics Solutions
How to ensure you don't outgrow your Business Analytics solution
The Value of Elusive Information: How to Recognise the New Value of Data
"90% of all data stored within a company isn't available for analysis"
The five pillars of data you need to know
Human driven machine learning
Real Data - Real Success
Data Refinery
METAPHORS etc
30/09/2014 34

30/09/2014
35
STATEMENTS FROM PAPERS DEALING WITH ONTOLOGIES
“A model of textual affect sensing using real-world knowledge”
“Local Models Semantics, or contextual reasoning=locality+compatibility”
“The PROMPT suite: interactive tools for ontology merging and mapping”
“This distributed nature of ontology development has led to a large number of
ontologies covering overlapping domains”
“Towards a standard upper ontology”
“Tools for inventing organizations: toward a handbook of organizational processes”
“Artificial Intelligence: a new synthesis”
“ConceptNet — A Practical Commonsense Reasoning Tool-Kit
Commonsense knowledge base and natural-language-processing tool-kit
which supports many practical textual-reasoning tasks over real-world documents
including topic-gisting, analogy-making, and other context oriented inferences.
The knowledge base is a semantic network presently consisting of over
1.6 million assertions of commonsense knowledge encompassing
the spatial, physical, social, temporal, and psychological aspects of everyday life”

30/09/2014
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In ISO 15926: An <activity> is a <possible_individual> that brings about change
by causing the <event> that marks the <beginning>, or the <event> that marks
the <ending> of a <possible_individual>.
An activity consists of the temporal parts of those members of <possible_individual>
that participate in the activity.
The participating temporal parts will be classified by the <participating_role
_and_domain> that indicates the role of the temporal part in the <activity>.
EXAMPLEPumping a fluid with a mechanical pump can be represented by
“an instance of <activity>.”
In oddology the word Task has been chosen for the unit of work that can be done
by person, robot and computer. (Activity will also be acceptable)
Each Task is defined for the new information it produces.
Tasks are discrete and discretionary
Pumping a fluid is to increase pressure of a liquid Medium, and is NOT a Task,
as it cannot be done by Person, i.e. have such a relation with person.
Each type of pumping such as centrifugal pumping, reciprocating pumping,
screw pumping etc are, in oddology, ‘Unit Process Types’.
ISO 15926 versus oddology

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John Stuart Mill quote
(British philosopher and Civil Servant 1806 – 1873)
“No progress is possible without a considerable change in peoples understanding and way of thinking.”
oddology has at least to be accepted to represent a considerable change in understanding and way of thinking
Voltaire quote
(François-Marie Arouet 1694 – 1778, better known by the pen name Voltaire,
French writer and philosopher.)
“Madness is to have erroneous perceptions and to reason correctly from them”.
oddology at least uniquely defines the word “information” before reasoning from it
Albert Einstein quotes:
(German born American Physicist who developed the special and general
theories of relativity. Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. 1879-1955)
“Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.”
oddology thinking is not what others do when entering, what can be called, “the digital world”
“Everything that is really great and inspiring is created by the individual who can work in freedom.”
oddology is definitely created by an individual who has worked in freedom
Friedrich Nietzsche quote
(German classical Scholar, Philosopher and Critic of culture, 1844-1900.)
“Insanity in individuals is something rare, but in groups, parties, nations and epochs it is the rule”
The creator of oddology has not previously been called insane, so perhaps the “oil world” jointly is?
oddology deals only with the I in ICT, whereas the IT industry is
preoccupied with the T. Do we need oddology, to agree the I in the “digital
world”? YES we do!!! This is supported by the quotes below.

Intro_oddology2

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