1. HEALTH PROBLEMS OF RURAL WOMEN
A CASE STUdy OF BLOCk BRiNg iN diSTRiCT
ANANTNAg (j&k)
Submitted by:
jAvEEd AHMAd TEELi
( Enrollment No. 120471667)
Under the guidance of:
Mr. Javaid Ah. Bhat (Lecturer)
Govt. Degree College (Boys) Anantnag.
Councellor IGNOU
COURSE :
POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT
(PGDRD)
SUBMITTED TO : INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY(IGNOU)
NEW DELHI
YEAR 2013

2. PROjECT PROPOSAL
NAME
:
JAVEED AHMAD TEELI
PARENTAGE
:
GH. NABI TEELI
RESIDENCE
:
HILLER
TESHIL
:
KOKERNAG
DISTRICT
:
ANANTNAG
BLOCK
:
BRENG
POST OFFICE
:
HILLER
ENROLLMENT NO.
:
120471667
COURSE
:
PGDRD
COURSE TITLE
:
RDD-5
STAUDY CENTRE
:
GOVT. DEGREE COLLEGE BOYS
ANANTNAG
STUDY CENTRE CODE:
1211
COURSE THROUGH
IGNOU
:

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I Sincerely entered my gratitude to Mr. Javaid Ahmad Bhat (Lecturer ) “Govt. Boys
Degree College Anantnag for his credit supervision . His guidance has played a major roll in
the completion of this project . I am also thankful to “DESTINY” Which favours me in every
step,to my respondents and officers and persons who have provide me the required
information regarding my project” Health Problems of Rural Women in Block BRENG”.
Place: Anantnag
Signature
Date:
(JAVEED AHMAD TEELI)

4. CERTiFiCATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “ Health Problems of Rural Women
in Block Breng “ is original project study conducted by Mr. Javeed Ahmad Teeli
student of PGDRD from IGNOU has worked under my Supervision & guidance. He
has attended the required session held. This report has not formed on the basis of
any other degree of any university.
Place:
Anantnag
Signature of Supervisor
Date:
18-01-2013
{Mr. Javaid Ah. Bhat}

5. CONTENTS
1.
Introduction
2.
Situation in India
3.
Situation in Kashmir
4.
Map of Jammu & Kashmir
5.
General Geography of Jammu & Kashmir
6.
Literacy rate by sex for State , District (2011 census)
7.
Map of District Anantnag
8.
District Background
9.
District Anantnag from Medical Point of view
10.
Block Profile of Breng
11.
Block Breng from Medical Point of View
12.
Map of Block Breng
13.
Objectives of the Study
14.
Village Profile
15.
Map of village Hiller
16.
Village HILLER from Educational Point of vie
17.
Village Hiller from Medical Point of View
18.
Tools of Data Collection
19.
Findings

6. 20.
Questionnaire
21.
Structures in Shape of Respondents
22.
Table No. 1
23.
Table No. 2
24.
Table No.3
25.
Table No.4
26.
Table No.5
27.
Table No.6
28.
Table No.7
29.
Table No.8
30.
Table No.9
31.
Table No.10
32.
Table No.11
33.
Table No.12
34.
Table No.13
35.
Table No.14
36.
Table No.15
37.
Table No.16
38.
Table No.17
39.
Table No.18

7. 40.
Table No.19
41.
Table No.20
42.
Table No.21
43.
Disease meaning and symptoms
44.
An interview with BMO Larnoo
45.
An interview with village Head
46.
An interview with Principal Govt. HSS Hiller
47.
Conclusion & Suggestions
48.
Index
INTRODUCTION
The Population inhabiting in villages is called Rural Population.
About 74% of Indian Population is inhabiting in Rural areas. These areas
provide a fundamentals structure for growth and development of the
nation and if these areas were taken into consideration and be provide
with basic necessities and basic facilities. The whole country will progress
in a right direction. The prosperity in a rural area may be health if they are
educated, according
to Aristotle, “A sound body has a Sound mind”.

8. Hence good health ensures good thinking and good thinking ensures a
good society and the good society comprises both men and women.
About half of the rural population is women folk and unfortunately these
women folk are illiterate and quite unaware about personal and public
hygiene. If we want a prosperous and happy nation we should lay stress
on rising the health conditions of the rural women in every aspect.
It is true fact that if a women is educated the whole society is
educated , if the man is educated , a single individual is educated. Hence
stress should be laid on the education of women. So that they can play a
very important role in the development of the country in particular and the
whole world in general. The women is considered the colorful creature of
this universe. The hustle and bustle of the worlds is due to these fellows.
The advanced nations have given a due attention towards the welfare of
the women. In these countries there are equal opportunities for men and
women . Hence they are advanced in every field and those nations who
did not pay due attention towards the women are lacking behind in every
respect and there are poverty and illness.
A healthy women is the foundation stone of a healthy nation , when
the mother is healthy the younger too will be healthy and happy. A healthy
women and a healthy child will proceeds in a right direction. If a women is
not treated properly , forced to work hard not given her a good social
status . She naturally revolt and does not behave properly with her house
hold with the result , there is no proper nourishment and development of
herself and their ward to overcome such hurdles , a women should be
given proper education that she can understand her duty towards the
family and towards the welfare of the society as the mother is the first
teacher of the child. The child is indirectly influenced by the environment

9. prevailing at his residence. The environment helps in the modification of
behavior of the child will grow and develop in a right direction with right
thinking.
In the developed countries like Europe and America, there are special
care centres for the welfare of the women. They are independent
and think according to their wishes and ideals and can decide what
is right and what is wrong. There is equal treatment of women and
men and there is no differentiation between the two sexes . That is
why they are well advanced in every sphere of life. They are aware
of their duties and are in a better position to look off their wards
within and outside of their homes.
SITUATION IN INDIA
In our own country India women folk is not treated as part and
parsal of the society . They are looked down upon , they are not
independent of their wishes and other matter. They are tied in the social
restrictions , they are supposed to work like a man with him in the fields
as well as in the kitchen.

10. Women’s in India are viewed as Reproductive agents and they
fertility prized from an early age . They are conditioned to a subsequent
role . Fed lost and least , expected to be fertile , but remain chaste, till
married off . The women have a low social status. They are discharged if
they produce no off spring , rejected of beaten if they produce female off
springs, stigmatized if raped , and rejected some times burnt if they do not
bring enough dowry. If the infant fall ill they like to be blamed or accrued
of infidelity.
Women who comprises 50% of world’s population and carry the
burden of work 14-16 hours a day receive only 10% of world’s income
and own less than 1% of the world’s property in rural areas. In our own
country rural women accounts for 50% of food production. These women
are among the least agriculture and least hard members of society.
Differentials Treatment
In our own country (India) males are preferred as they can work on
the farms , look after their elders , bring their wives and children’s home.
Girls in India are known as go- away child.
IMPORTANCE OF WOMEN HEALTH
The women is the key to the provision of health services for the
family and society , yet she has been neglected and exploited by health
services. The mother is the central figure who provide the child care ,
hygiene , nutrition and even primary health care. Without good mental
and physical health for mother herself and health programmes are
doomed to failure.

11. If a nation has to develop then half of his population women and
girls must develop, be educated , become healthy and develop self
positive image .If
the so called better half continues discriminated and
exploited in the matter of nutrition , education , health and legal rights .
How she can be expected to give her , best for the health and
development of her child , family , society and the nation. “In India and
other poor country she is “ beast of burden”.
SITUATION IN KASHMIR
Our state of Jammu & Kashmir is sailing in the same boat with other
states of the India. The conditions of the women is not too good because
the literacy percentage among the women is very less particularly among
the rural women. Now here arise a question what are cause of unhygienic

12. conditions of the rural women in Kashmir? As far I am concerned the
following are the major causes of unhygienic problems in our state.
A. EDUCATION : The women in Rural areas are almost illiterates.
There are less schooling facilities in the rural areas . Due to illiteracy
the rural women still believes in old aged and unscientific and
unhygienic methods , such as :
a. Superstition also common in the Area , various diseases are
considered to be the work of sprits. They confirm whether the child
is a male or a female in the womb of mother not by scientific method
but by the signs of chirping of various birds. If a owl cries they
confirm that the child is male one and if the Bat cries then they think
the child is a girl one.
b. The traditional methods of treatment also tells upon the health of
Rural women. They are not given proper medicines but are kept fast
for a number of days with the result she suffers from health hazards.
B.
POVERTY: The poverty plays also very important role , the rural
women are not provided the basic necessities of life. They are
always for want of a balanced diet, with the result they fall prey of
malnutrition and deficiency diseases such as anemia and other skin
diseases. Due to poverty of rural women , still use the traditional
methods of cooking and fuels . The smoke arising, dung cakes and
dry grosses cause tuberculosis.
C. GOVT.WEAKNESS : The rural women are deprived off their basic
medical facilities . They have to go to the district hospitals for their
treatment , but it costs them much and wastage of time. A pregnant

13. women is unable to check her health in his own village because
there is not any kind of such facilities. She has to walk on foot miles
together to reach to the nearly root to ride a passenger van , as a
result both a child and the mother suffers.
In short as far I am concerned there are three reasons
responsible for the low health conditions of rural women they are :
1. Malnutrition problem
2. Poverty
3. Weak Institutional Support.
MAP OF JAMMU & KASHMIR

14. GENERAL GEOGRAPHY OF JAMMU & KASHMIR
Introduction :- Jammu & Kashmir came into existence on 16th of March
1846.
Location :-
Latitudes = 320- 17N to 370 – 6’N
Longitude = 730 – 20E to 800 – 30’E
Area :-
222236Sq/Kms

15. Population:-
1,25,48,926 (2011)
Capital:-
Srinagar (Summer) , Jammu (Winter)
Languages :-
Kashmiri , Dogri , Ladakhi , Urdu , Panjabi
1. Area under China = 37555
2. Area under Pakistan = 78932
3. Area under India = 105749
Three Physical Divisions of State with Area
Area of Jammu = 19%
Area of Kashmir = 11.59%
Area of Ladakh = 69.51%
Situation :-
The State of Jammu & Kashmir lies in the North West of
India. It is a border state and is surrounded by Pakistan , Afghanistan and
China on the three sides. Indian States of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh
touches its borders in the South.
Physical Features :- Kashmir , the paradise on the earth is situated
entirely within the Himalayan mountain system, The state includes the
enchanting valley of Srinagar (Kashmir valley and the snow capped lofty
ranges of Himalayas The Peer Panchal, the Nanga Parbat and the
Korakoram Mountains K2 the worlds highest peek measures 8610 meters
alone sea level. Kishtiwar, Ramban, Samba, Reasi, Bandipora, Shopian,
Ganderbal, Kulgam are newly formed districts of Jammu and Kashmir.
S.No.
Districts
Headquarters
Population Census
Population Census

16. 2001
2011
1
Anantnag
Anantnag
7,34,549
10,69,749
2
Kulgam
Kulgam
NA
4,23,181
3
Pulwama
Pulwama
4,41,275
5,70,060
4
Shopian
Shopian
NA
2,65,960
5
Budgam
Budgam
6,29,309
7,55,331
6
Srinagar
Srinagar
9,90,548
12,50,173
7
Ganderbal
Ganderbal
NA
2,97,003
8
Bandipora
Bandipora
NA
3,85,099
9
Baramulla
Baramulla
8,53,344
10,15,503
10
Kupwara
Kupwara
6,50,393
8,75,564
11
Kargil
Kargil
1,19,307
1,43,388
12
Leh
Leh
1,17,232
1,47,104
13
Kathua
Kathua
5,50,084
6,15,711
14
Jammu
Jammu
13,43,756
15,26,406
15
Samba
Samba
NA
3,18,611
16
Udhampur
Udhampur
4,75,068
5,55,357
17
Reasi
Reasi
NA
3,14,714
18
Rajouri
Rajouri
4,83,284
6,19,266
19
Poonch
Poonch
3,72,613
4,76,820
20
Doda
Doda
3,20,256
4,09,576
21
Ramban
Ramban
NA
2,83,313
22
Kishtwar
Kishtwar
NA
2,31,037
Total Population =
1,25,48,926 (2011)
Males
=
66,65,561
Females
=
58,83,365

17. Male %
=
53.12%
Female %
=
46.88%
Literacy Rate by Sex for State & District 2011
S.No
District
Literacy Rate
Male Literate
Female Literate
1.
J&K
68.74
78.26
58.01
2.
Kupwara
66.921
77.10
54.79
3.
Budgam
57.98
68.18
46.60
4.
Leh
80.48
89.39
64.52
5.
Kargil
74.49
86.73
58.05
6.
Poonch
68.69
81.04
54.80
7.
Rajouri
68.54
78.38
57.20
8.
Kathua
73.50
81.40
64.56
9.
Baramulla
66.93
77.35
55.01
10.
Bandipora
57.82
68.41
46.24
11.
Srinagar
71.21
78.01
63.47

18. 12.
Ganderbal
59.99
70.74
47.62
13.
Pulwama
65.00
75.41
53.81
14.
Shopian
62.49
71.86
52.77
15.
Anantnag
64.32
74.13
54.15
16.
Kulgam
60.35
70.59
49.74
17.
Doda
65.97
80.36
50.34
18.
Ramban
56.90
71.97
40.04
19.
Kishtwar
58.54
71.75
44.13
20.
Udampur
69.90
79.93
58.22
21.
Reasi
59.42
69.93
47.55
22.
Jammu
83.98
89.77
77.41
23.
Samba
82.48
89.76
74.39
Literacy rate is the percentage of literates to population ageing 7 years &
above. The male and female literacy rate which was 66.60% and 43.40% respectively
earlier had now increased to 78.26% and 58.01% respectively.

19. District Map Anantnag

20. District Background
1. District Anantnag is in the Southern part of Kashmir Valley. It is because of its
rejuvenating climates the inspiring majesty of its lofty mountains the melodious
flow of sweet water of its springs and streams , fertile soil , fragrant flowers and
delicious fruits that the District has come to synonymous with greatness.
2. The entire Southern sector of District which is contiguous with Tehsil of Reasi,
Ramban , Banihal and Kishtwar of Jammu Province and eastern sector which is
contiguous with Tehsil kargil of Ladakh Division of thick forests and mountains.
The Northern and western sides of the District are bounded by Pulwama,
Kulgam and Shopian Districts. If all the Distrcits of the State , Anantnag claims
the largest number of streams (Nallas) like Vishu , Veth-wathru , Sandran ,
Brangi , Arpath and Lidder. The most important amoung these streams are
Vishu and Lidroo which take off from Kounsarnag and Sheeshenag lakes
respectively and irrigate maximum area of District.
3. The Districts consists of 406 villages , one town area committee (TAC) and
eight notified area committees (NAC). There are six Tehsils viz , Anantnag ,
Bijbehara , Doru , Shangus , Pahalgam , Kokernag. Which have further been
sub-divided into 26 land revenue circles and 96 Patwari Halqa’s. The villages
have been divided into seven CD Blocks.For law and order purpose District
have been divided into 10 Police Stations and 8 Police Posts. The District is
predominantly inhabited by Kashmiri who profess Islam , Hindus and Sikhs are
forming the minority community. The mountain slopes and small valleys
(Gorges) intervening between the mountains are inhabited by Gujar’s and
Bakerwal which is a schedule tribe community.

21. 4. The District can boast of a large number of health resorts in the state , of which
Larnoo , Kokernag , Pahalgam , Verinag and Sherbagh are worth seeing.
These health resorts attract large number of tourists within and outside the
country. Besides the District is also famous for Amarnathji Cave situated at a
distance of 48 Kms , from Pahalgam at high altitude. This cave is known for
Shive Linghum
and attracts lacks of pilgrims every year from all over the
country.
5. The District is also known for important monuments like Martand Temple ,
Mughal garden Larnoo , Mughal Garden Verinag , Padshahibagh. This is briefly
a picture of the geophysical and socio-economic scenario of the district.
Location & Physical Features : Anantnag District is situated in the south and
south east by ranges of Pirpanchal mountains. Where as in the north and west ,
it is bounded by the Pulwama District . The eastern and southern Hills of the
District are covered with thick and dense forests. Anantnag is Principal town
headquarter of the District and is at a distance of 55km’s from Srinagar , the
Summer Capital of State.
Geology :- The District is extremely poor so far as the mineral deposits are
concerned. However the deposit of lime stones which are used for manufacture
of lime cement , is founding good quality . There is only one mini-cement plant
in the District with a capacity of 50m tones per day. Besides there is one
sulphur spring in Anantnag which is famous for healing of determination.

22. District Anantnag from Medical Point of View
The Total population of District Anantnag is 10,69,749 souls and consists of 406
villages and
have 7 CD Blocks. The institution which are providing the medical
facilities to whole population are as given under :1.
District Hospitals
1 (Anantnag)
2.
M.C.H Hospitals
3.
T.B Hospitals
4.
Sub-District Hospital
5.
Primary Health Centre’s
55(fifty five)
6.
Bishop Memorial Hospitals
1( one)
7.
Private Hospitals
5(five)
8.
Allopathic Dispensaries
39
9.
Medical Aid Centre’s
18
10.
Sub-Center’s
220
11.
Others
4
1 (Anantnag)
1 (Anantnag)
6 (six)
Weakness
Total No. of Doctors working in the District
=
320
Vacancies
=
430
Urgently required
=
110
No. of Gynecologists in the District Hospital Anantnag =
12
No. of Children specialists
=
04
No. of Children Hospitals
=
01

23. No. of Lady Care centers
=
02(both privately owned)
No. Doctors working in A/D’s
=
21
No. of Genealogists working in sub-district Hospitals =
06
Block Profile of Breng
Block Breng is situated in North of the District and is 10kms away from District
Headquarter Anantnag. Breng is famous for his natural beauty and is covered by
forests all around. We have some beautiful Health Resorts viz Mughal Garden of
Kokernag , Daksum , simthan top etc.
Block Breng consists of 63 villages and one notified area committee (NAC) and
34 panchayat/Patwar halqa’s. There is also one Medical Block in Block Larnoo. The
total Area of Breng if 9488 hqtrs and the total population of Block Breng is 7858 and
population density is 375 people per square km.
The majority of people in Breng are Muslims . In hill areas there are Gujjars and
Bakerwals who are SC’s and ST’s and they are also Muslims. Literacy rate of Block
Breng in Males is 68% and in females 62%

24. Block Breng From Medical Point of View
The institutions which providing health facilities to the block Breng
are as under:
1. Sub district Hospital
1
2. Primary Health center
7
3. Allopathic dispensaries
5
4. Sub centers
21
5. Medical aid center
4
6. Others
Nil
Facilities available in above institutions
Institutions
1. Sub District Hospital
Physician
Facilities
20 Beds
No Gen.
One Dental Surgeon
No surgeon specialist
No gynecologist
No ophthalmologist
No children specialist
1 operation theatre

25. 1 x ray plant
1 advance laboratory
No blood bank
1 ambulance
3 assistant surgeons
2. PHC’s
3
3. Allopathic dispensaries
5
No doctor available at A/D
centers, only medical
assistants are available at
the allopathic dispensaries
4. Sub centers
21
Not
trained
persons
available. only paracetamol
tablets are given through
these centers for headache
and for all diseases.
5. Medical aid center
4
No doctor is available, first
aid such as Betadine, wash
aid; bandage is available at
these centers.
Highest medical authority of block is Block medical officer (BMO) of
Block Breng and he is also superindent of PHC Larnoo.

26. Map of Block Breng

28. Objectives of Study
I conducted my survey in the rural areas in order to know the basic problems
traced by women folk in these areas and to highlight these problems before the policy
makers.
The present study was taken to investigate the following
objectives during the course of the study.
1.
Health conditions of women in rural areas.
2.
Reasons behind the poor conditions of woman.
3.
General attitude of the society towards the health of women.
4.
The cause types of diseases emerged and what type of facilities (treatment)
is available.
5.
The overall health conditions of rural people.

29. Village Profile
The sample area in which field work was carried out is Hiller (A & B). The
village is situated in between the Anantnag and Block Larnoo. It is about 10km away
from Anantnag and 15kms away from Larnoo. Village Hiller is in the Northern side of
District Anantnag and is situated on the main road of Anantnag Larnoo
Total area of village Hiller is 737 hqtrs of land for agriculture according to the
report of revenue Department of Breng.
Population: The total population of village Hiller according to the Census 2011
is 5076 persons in which No. of males are 2832 and No. of females are 2244. This
shows that the male percentage is 55.79% which is higher than that of females which
is 44.21%.
One of the most important factor regarding the family in come sources of village
Hiller is the fruit business (apples)mostly.Which at least 90% are doing and is common
in the whole village of Hiller. The Hiller is linked with other villages/towns with three
link roads viz Hller-Anantnag Road , Hiller-Kokernag Road , Hiller-Khalhar Road..

30. Map of Village HILLER

31. Village Hiller From Educational Point of View
In sample village Hiller , there are 11 Mohallas namely Itoo mohalla , Najar
mohalla, Ard pora, pahel pora, Bungam, Harjoy , Rather pora, , Veer colony,
Manzgam, Ganaie poor,Nai Basti.
In above Molalla’s we have number of schools available for providing education
to village population. A structure of these schools are as under:S.No
Name of the School Name of Mohalla
Date of Estd.
1.
Govt. HS School
Ard poora
2011
2.
Govt.Girls High school
Harjay
2010
3
Govt. pry School
Harjay
1998
4.
Govt. pry school
Bungam
1994
6.
Manti soori HS
Harjay
1990
7.
Al- AMEEN
Pahalpoora
2003
Roll statement of Schools

32. Roll statement of Govt. Higher Sec. School Hiller session April-2013
S.No
Name of the class
Boys
Girls
Total
1.
12th
30
20
50
2.
11th
17
20
37
3.
10th
14
12
26
4.
9th
12
08
20
5.
8th
9
11
20
6.
7th
7
4
11
7.
6th
3
3
6
Total
68
68
136
Staff available in Higher secondary School HILLER
There are 15 teachers available in Govt. Higher secondary School Hiller to
teach 136 students. It means that one teacher has to teach 9 students in a single
period. This is not a very big difference between the rules of education and situation
present in Govt.High school Hiller. According to Education rules there must be one
teacher available to teach 10 students, instead of 10 the teacher has to teach only
nine students in Govt. High School Hiller. So still due to less interest it becomes
impossible for a teacher to keep a strong eye on all the students and how can he
provide a quality education to the students.
Roll Statement of Govt.Primary School Boys & Girls HILLER

33. S.No
Name of Class
Girls
Boys
Total
1.
5th
4
2
6
2.
4th
1
1
2
3.
3rd
7
2
9
4.
2nd
0
2
2
5.
Ist
0
1
1
Total
12
08
20
There are 2 local teachers to teach 20 students. All the students of this school
belongs to very poor family. The parents of those students are unable to and their
children’s to private institution because there income is less than 500 per month.
This school has shown 0% result from last 10 years. The teachers belonging to
Royal families of the village and they are highly approached and educational authority
of zone Mattan, ZEO is unable to take any action against these teachers.
Roll Statement of Montesouri Public School Hiller
S.No
Name of Class
Boys
Girls
Total
1.
5th
1
5
6
2.
4th
11
06
17
3.
3rd
10
06
16
4.
2nd
5
4
9
5.
Ist
12
10
22
6.
U.K.G
15
11
26
7.
L.K.G
14
12
26
8.
Nursery
15
20
35
Total
83
74
157
In this school there are ten teachers available to teach 157 students. All the
teachers are M.A, B.ed and M.S.C, B.ed. The medium of instruction of this school is
English. So, the people like this school and are confident on the progress of the

34. students in this school. The number of girls is 74 and number of boys is 82.The school
is privately owned and fee rates are very high, So poor people can not admit their off
springs in this institution. This school has shown cent percent result from the date of
establishment.
Govt. Pry School Bungam
In this school there are three students reading and one teacher is available to
teach the students. This school is without building & furniture. The students are
reading in the open fields and they have lot of problems.
Govt. Pry School Harjai Mohalla
This school is also meaning less because there is only one teacher available to
teach 5 classes . The roll is not more than 19 students. All the 9 students belongs to
the poor family.
OVER ALL CONDITIONS :-
The Students of Govt. Schools hardly reached to 10 th
class due to their teachers poor performance . No one has passed 10 th class
examination among those students who are the product of these Govt. School.The
overall literacy rate in village Hiller is 59.43% , in which male %age is 70.42% and
female %age is 29.58%.This shows that most of the women’s are illiterate. The reason
is poverty and Govt. ignorance.
Village HILLER From Medical Point of View

35. The total population of Hiller village is 5076 persons . In this huge populated
village there is not any institution of health department to provide medical facility.
Govt. has ignored this village from medical point of view. So the whole population of
village is suffering badly .In Harjay Mohalla which is 1.5km from the centre and 2kms
from Mohalla Bungam and Ardpora there is a allopathic dispensary. People of village
Hiller have a travel a distance of 1.5 or 2kms to reach at the dispensary for treatment ,
but there is any Doctor . So all the people of the village prefer to go to the district
Hospital Anantnag.At the block level primary health centre Larnoo is without the facility
of lady doctors and gynecologists .
Women of Block Larnoo have to travel a long distance to reach the District
Hospital for treatment. During the pregnancy and at the time of delivery, women’s are
facing a lot of difficulties and some times some pregnanet women’s lost their lives in
the way to reach District Hospital.
In short all the population of Block is suffering during the illness.
In village Hiller
we have seven medical shops all the medical shops are in the
different Mohalla’s in order to take care and provide necessary assistance to the local
people.
Social & Economic Conditions of the village
Dress Pattern :- So far as the dress pattern of the sample village is concerned , the
old aged males wear Kameez , Shalwar , Kurta , Pajama,
Where as women wear Firan , Firok , Shalwar & Scaraf . Boys wear pents ,
shirts , Caprey , T-Shirts etc. That is new type of dress among muslims.
ECONOMY :- Agriculture is the back bone of village economy , at least 80% people
of the village Hiller depends upon Agriculture. 5% are engaged with handicrafts , 5%
holds other assets , 5% are govt. employee and 5% are labours .

36. Family System :- Mostly there is joint family system in the village Hiller. There are
also few new nuclear families in the village. The people having Govt. Jobs have
nuclear families and the people without Govt . Jobs have joint family system. The
reason behind joint family system is poverty.
Marriage :- In Muslims both exogamy & endogamy types of marriages are prevalent
in the village Hiller.
Religion :- The majority of the inhabitants of the village Hiller are Muslims and be.
The Data I have collected from all sources through observations and interview have
been reflected in the project under the title of “Health Problems of Rural Women in
Block Larnoo”.
Tools for Data Collection

37. There are several methods which often used in Data Collection by the
investigation .
Following methods are most relevant for the data collection in the filed or about
the fields:
1. Observation
2. Interview
3. Questionnaire
4. Schedules
5. Projective technique’s
The use of one or more technique in the research project depends upon the type
of information required in the filed of study. The topic given by the undersigned
was Health Problems of Rural Women in Block Larnoo.
The area chosen for observation has demographic conditions of the area. The
main method used by me for collecting the data required the topic is
questionnaire , method and interview method.
Findings
Findings :- I have conducted a survey in village Hiller which falls in the
Jurisdiction of village Anantnag Tehsil Anantnag Block (Medical) Larnoo. The aim of

38. the study was health problems of women in Block Larnoo. The survey which I have
conducted was based on questionnaire , method and interview. The responses of the
200 respondents of different age group with different status in society and having
different qualifications . The respondents belong to different mohallas of the same
village.
In order to observe the health problems of rural women in Block Larnoo , more
accurately I prepared a relevant questionnaire and get responses from 200
respondents. The responses of the respondents are given in tibular form in the
project. The questionnaire which I have prepared is given as under:
Questionnaire
Q1.:- Are you satisfy with the medical facilities available in your village and at Block
level ?
Q2:-
When you fall ill where do you generally go for treatment.

39. Q3:-
Do you want more children ?
Q4:-
At the time of delivery where do you go ?
Q5:-
During the pregnancy where do you go generally to check your health
conditions ?
Q6:-
During the pregnancy are you taking the balanced diet ?
Q7:-
Are you satisfy on the school education provided by the government?
Q8:-
Do you think education must for both gender ?
Q9:-
Do you feel inferior as compared to men in your family and in your society?
Q10:- Are you working in Kitchen only ?
Q11:- Have you LPG gas connections for cooking ?
Q12:- Have you water supply or tap water(filtered) available in your village ?
Q13:- Are you drinking boiled water ?
Q14:- Have you any sanitary Latrine in your home ?
Q15:- Have you gone through family planning ?
Q16:- Have you any drainage system in your village ?
Q17:- What are common diseases in your family particularly in girls and in women?
Structure & Shape of Respondents
For seventeen questions I have two hundred respondents , my all respondents
are only females because my topic is related with the health problems of Rural
Women , so my 100% respondents are women.

40. Table No. 1
S.No
Occupation
No. of respondents
Percentage
1.
Govt.Employees
10
5%
2.
House Wives
160
80%
3.
Carpet makers
8
4%
4.
Agricultural Labours
12
6%
5.
Others
10
5%
Total
200
100%
Occupation wise statement given above clearly shows that out of 200 women
160 are house wives i.e 80% , 4% are carpet makers , 6% are agricultural labours ,
5% are Govt.emplyees and 5% are others. The agriculture labours have seasonal
work in only two seasons that is in June they have work to plant seedlings of paddy in
the paddy fields and in harvesting seasons they have one month work. So in
remaining time they work in the Royal families as sweepers and nourishes their
children.
Table No. 2
LEVEL OF EDUCATION :
S.No
Education
No. of respondents
Percentage
1.
Literates
24
12%
2.
Illiterates
176
88%

41. Table No. 3
INCOME WISE STATEMENT:
S.No
Income/Monthly
No. of respondents
Percentage
1.
upto 2000
150
75%
2.
2000-4000
30
15%
3.
4000-8000
10
5%
4.
8000-10000
6
3%
5.
10,000-12,000
4
2%
The income wise classification 75% has monthly income below Rs. 2000/- per
month. 15% of the respondents belong to the income group of 2000-4000 and only
5% of the respondents belong to the income group of 4000-8000 and only 2% belong
to the income group of 10,000 -12,000 per month.
Table No. 4
AGE WISE STATEMENT OF RESPONDENTS :
S.No
Age
No. of respondents
Percentage
1.
20-30
60
30%
2.
30-40
70
35%
3.
40 -50
50
25%
4.
50 and above
20
10%
Total
200
100%

42. I have consulted 200 respondents out of 200 , 60 respondents belong to the
age group of 20-30 that is 30% , 70 belong to age group of 30-40 that is 35% , 50
belongs to 40-50 age group i.e 25% and 50 and above are 20 that is 10%.
Table-5
Response of Q.No.1 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Yes
3
1.5%
No
195
97.5%
No Response
2
1%
Total
200
100%

43. Out of 200 respondents 97.5% said that the faculties available in terms of
medicine , doctors and hospitals are unsatisfied. We have no benefit and we are
suffering during the illness . We have to travel long distances to reach District Hospital
Anantnag.
1.5% respondents said we are satisfied about the facilities available. This
percentage belong to the Royal families who have their own transport facilities and
they go to private clinics mostly during the illness. There are some famous
genealogists and general physicians who have their own clinics but their fee rates are
as high as Rs 200-400 for one consultation. It is poverty which prevent middle class
women go to private clinics . 1% has shown no response.
Table-6
Response of Q.No.2 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Medical shops
120
60%
Sub-District Hospitals
30
15%
Private Doctors
6
3%
Priests
39
19.5%

44. No response
5
Total
2.5%
200
100%
The above table shows that 60% women go to medical shops and get the
medicines from any person when they fall ill, 15% women goes to Sub-District
Hospitals and 3% go to private Doctors and a significant number of respondents go to
Priests whose percentage is 19.5% and 2.5% have shown no response.
This table shows that all the women are illiterate and they get medicines from
untrained persons at medical shops and only 15% go to Sub-District Hospitals but in
Sub-District Hospitals there are no any lady Doctor available.3% go to private Doctors
this group belongs to rich families.19.5% believes that these diseases are work up
spirits.
Table-7
Response of Q.No.3 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Yes
115
57.5%
No
85
42.5%
No response
x
x
200
100%
Total

45. In response to the question that they wish or want more children , 57.5%
replied yes because some of them are waiting for male issue and some of them are
waiting for female issue.42.5% replied in negative , because they have male and
female issues already. This response shows unawareness of women. They do not
know more children effects their health very badly.
Table-8
Response of Q.No.4 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
At home
170
85%
At medical shops
15
7.5%
At Hospitals
15
7.5%

46. Total
200
100%
In response to the question No. 5 , 85% women replied that their delivery takes
place at their homes and 7.5% at Medical Shops and same percentage at Govt. /
Private Hospitals. 85% women due to poverty and illiteracy do not go to Hospitals
they prefer to stay at homes at the time of delivery. Due to poverty and after delivery
they do not take any antibiotics to avoid infection . This condition affects the health of
women as well as the health of new born.
7.5% go to hospitals their income is high and most of them are govt. servants
or govt. job holders. 7.5% go to medical ; shops they also belong to poor families.
Hence poverty is major cause of this situation.
Table-9
Response of Q.No.5 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Hospitals (lady health care centers
30
15%
Medical Shops
60
30%

47. No where
110
55%
Total
200
100%
In response to the question No. asked to 200 respondents. Out of them 110 i.e
55% women do not consult any expert and they do not take necessary medicine
during the pregnancy such as Tetnus toxide injections and they do not check their
blood pressure which is most important during pregnancy. This situation is responsible
for more death rates in women as well in new born as compared to Urban women and
Childs.
30% woman go to medical shops and get some medicine their without
consulting a doctor. Only 15% women go to Hospitals and private nursing homes
regularly to check up their health as well as health of her baby in her womb. 55%
people do not go to any where due to poverty and illiteracy they think that is in the
hands of God , so Doctors can not do anything.
Table-10
Response of Q.No.6 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Yes
17
8.5%

48. No
183
91.5%
Total
200
100%
In response to the question No.6, 8.5% replied in affirmative and 91.5% replied
in negative , only 8.5 % women have suitable income and are able to take well
balanced diet. If Vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and folic acids etc.
But 91.5% women are unable to take balanced diet their family income do not
allow them to spend money on their health and automatically their health conditions
are not too good. They have low resistance and have always more chances of un
certain deaths because due to Anemia(Lack of blood) at the time of delivery, they can
not save their lives during pregnancy due to imbalanced diet they produce LBW’s
Childs, blind Childs due to deficiency of vitamin “A” and also produce abnormal Childs.
Only poverty is responsible for this serious situation.
Table-11
Response of Q.No.7 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Yes
5
2.5%
No
195
97.5%

49. No Response
x
x
Total
200
100%
In response to question number 7 weather the government schools are suitable
for good education or not . 97.5 % replied in negative because the teachers in the
govt. schools are not interested to teach students they know the students of their
schools belong to very poor families. They can not go higher authority and if any one
complaint against them, they can tolerate it by bribing the higher authorities only 2.5%
replied affirmative.
This situation shows govt. weakness, so govt. is responsible for the illiteracy of
rural people and govt. can not achieve 100% target to literate the rural population until
the fallow the rules and regulations of the constitution.
Table-12
Response of Q.No.8 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Yes
85
42.5%
No
115
57.5%
No Response
x
x

50. Total
200
100%
In response to question number 8, 42.5 % respondents replied “yes” and 57.5%
replied in negative in the rural areas there are joint family system do not ready to send
girls to schools they think they can work in fields only if their girls look after the male
child in the family. More than this some strict minded religious men do not allow
female Childs to go schools . They beeline that women is for kitchen and men for field.
Poverty is also responsible for this conditions because poor families girls are
working as labours in Agricultural field they earn livelyhood for their parents. These
causes are responsible for low enrolments in schools and low literacy rate in the rural
areas.
Table No.13
Response of Q.No.9 of questionnaire:
Response
Number
Percentage
Yes
167
83.5%
No
33
16.5%

51. No Response
x
x
Total
200
100%
In response to question no 9, 83.5% said yes 16.5% said No 83.5% of women
are considered are subordinate and in the society men are considered superior.
Women in the society are least herd members and their wishes and wants are
remaining less. They are not enjoying freedom and have no decision power. No
women can demand divorce, if any one will demand she knows society will reject her
demand. This shows the attitude of the society towards movement. Religion has an
important role in this regard because in Islam every decision power lies in the hands of
men only.
Table No. 14
Response of Q.No.10 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Yes
10
5%
No
190
95%

52. No Response
x
x
Total
200
100%
In response to question No.10 , asked weather you are working in kitchen only
5% replied yes and 95% replied negative % is very high because in rural areas
agriculture is the back bone of rural economy women works in agricultural fields with
men and after the work in fields women cook food for the family and looks after their
children.
This shows women in rural areas work 18 hours a day and eat least and last
this effects the health of women mainly due to poverty.
Table No. 15
Response of Q.No.11 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Yes
60
30
No
140
70

53. No Response
x
x
Total
200
100%
In rural areas only 30% families have L.P.G gas connections and 70% huge
population uses cake dung’s to cook food, and get infected by their smoke of cake
dung.
Here again is the question poverty and the govt. weakness is hurdle in
the way of L.P.G gas connections. Illiteracy also plays dominant role because
significant number in the percentage of 70% are unable to use L.P.G gas they said we
do not know how to use gas Chula it would be dangerous for them.
Poverty, govt. weakness and illiteracy are the measure causes. If govt. will
provide gas confections to rural people o0n subsidy rates this condition can be
avoided.
Table No. 16
Response of Q. No. 12 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Yes
x
x
No
200
100%

54. No Response
x
x
Total
200
100%
In the sample village govt. has not provided the facility to population of
water supply through P.H.E department. People in this village use stream water for
drinking, bathing and washing. They use polluted water and get infected and fall ill.
Due to polluted water the intestinal infections, stomach pain, urine infections, Joints
and other skin diseases, which the village population face. Govt. weakness or
ignorance is measure cause.
Table No. 17
Response of Q.No. 13 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Yes
94
47%
No
106
53%

55. No Response
x
x
Total
200
100%
In the advanced times 53% in village still drink un boiled water this is due
to illiteracy women in villages think boiled water is not necessary and they are of knew
that water is God given gift as it should be used as will be available and by boiling
water loses its taste. For this condition illiteracy is also a major cause.
Table No. 18
Response of Q.No.14 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Percentage
Yes
15
7.5%
No
185
92.5%

56. No Response
x
x
Total
200
100%
In response to question number 14 asked the respondents percentage whose
answer I have received in affirmative 7.5% i.e. Only 7.5% have sanitary Latrines in
their homes some people use public sanitary Latrines.
But serious thing is that 92.5% people defecate on the bank of streams and
open fields. Often women prefer to near the running water.
This system defecation pollutes the water and causes different infectious
diseases such as type worms, Joints live appitier, intestinal infections etc. illiteracy is
responsible for this condition.
Table No. 19
Response of Q.No.15 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Yes
81
Percentage
40.5%

57. No
119
No Response
x
Total
200
59.5%
x
100%
In response to Q.No.15 , 40.5% respondents replied in affirmative and
59.5% replied in negative.
Cause :
I.
Some women want male child and are waiting for male and some are
waiting for female child.
II.
In Govt. Hospital Block Larnoo for family planning Doctors and experts
and machineries not available .In private clinics it costs them 5000-7000.
This is impossible for poor people to afford such huge money , so 59.5%
are still without family planning.
Major cause is Govt. weakness /ignorance.
Table No. 20
Response of Q.No.16 of questionnaire :
Response
Number
Yes
x
Percentage
x

58. No
200
No Response
x
Total
100%
200
x
100%
In response to Q.No.16 , 100% respondents replied in negative. This
shows in sample village . There is not any drainage system people use running
water streams as drainage system. They defecates on the bank of streams ,
the waste water of their bathrooms goes into the streams , people drink the
water of those streams and get in fueled .According to the report of District
Hospital Anantnag , 75% diseases are water born diseases . People in rural
areas drink stream water and fall sick.
Table No. 21
Response of Q.No.17 of questionnaire :
S.No
Disease
Number
Percentage
1.
Anemia
30
15%
2.
Arthritis
20
10%
3.
Asthma
12
6%
4.
Osteo Arthritis
14
7%

59. 5.
Juvenile Rheumatoid
16
8%
6.
Diabetes (Mellitus)
13
6.5%
7.
Deficiency Diseases
40
20%
8.
Vaginitis
10
5%
9.
Common Cold
7
3.5%
10.
Diarrhea
5
2.5%
11.
Dysentery
6
3%
12.
Warm Infection
7
3.5%
13.
Fever
8
4%
14.
T.B
11
5.5
Total
200
100%
The above table shows that Anemia and deficiency diseases are more common
as compared to other diseases. The percentage of Anemia is 15% and deficiency
disease 20%. This shows that Anemia(lack of blood) in women’ is due to disorders of
mensis and due to imbalanced diet. Due to illiteracy women do not use medicines
and do not take rest.
Deficiency diseases are due to low diet , poverty , illiteracy and lack of Govt.
facilities are responsible for this situation.
Diseases Meaning and symptoms etc.
Table showing meaning of diseases mode symptoms causes etc.
Disease
Meaning Symptoms , Treatment cause
1. Anemia
Anemia is not a disease. It is symptoms of various
diseases Anemia is classified on the basis of means
corpuscular volume (MVC) as microcyctic (80-90) and

60. puscular hemoglobin (M.C.H) as hypochromic (<27)
normochnomic (27-32) and hyperchromic (>32) and by
ethiogical factors.
Causes :
Anemia may result from excessive blood loss,
Excessive blood cell distraction or decreased blood cell
formation.Anemia due to excessive blood loss result from
acute or chronic hemorrhage Anemia due to excessive
blood cell destruction occurs in hemolytic diseases.
In women due to disorder of mensis (monthly bleeding) is
responsible for Anemia.
Symptoms:-
Pallor of skin , fingernail beds and mucous
membrane , weakness vexigo , headache , gastro
intestinal disturbances , palpitation fever etc.
2. Arthritis :
It is inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by
pain swelling and frequently changes in structure.
Causes :-
Arthritis may result from or be associated with a
number of conditions including infection (gonococal
tubercloces ,pneumocdcal) , fever , alcersted colitis ,
trauma , nuerogenic disturbances such as tabes dorsalis
such as osteoarthrid metabolic disturbances.such as
goud , neoplasma , such as synoviona , hydrathrosis para
–or periartuclar condition such as acro megaly psoriasis
ray-nauds disease.
Treatment :-
Penicillin , parenterally , in an appropriate dose for 10-14
days.
3. Asthama :-
Paroxysmal dysphnea accompanied by whesbing
caused by the spasm of the bronchinaltubes or by swelling
of their mucous membrane. No age is exempt , but esthma
occurs most frequently in childhood or early adulthood. The
patient may assume a “huncked, forward position in an,
attempt to get more air.
Treatment :
Auity attacks may believed by a number of drugs such as
epinephrions ephodrane cromolyn sodium etc.
Osteo arthritis , “ A chronic disease involving the joints
especially those bearing weight by degeneration of
articulator cartilage over growth of bone with lapping spur
formation and impaired function.

61. Juvenile rbeumotoled :
chronic inflammatory systemic disease which may
cause joint or connective tissue damaged and vis ceral
lesions thought out the body , affects juveniles with onset
priox to age 16 complete remission occurs in 75% of
patients.
Diabetes (Mellitus):
An inability to secrete sufficient insulin cause the
well known diseases diabetes mellitus. The immediate
effect of low insulin is an abnormally high level of glucose
in the blood a condition called hyperglycemia. Once the
blood glucose exceeds a level beyond which the Kidney
fails to reabsorb it completely. Its excess goes out in the
urine. This condition is also referred to a glucose uria.
Deficiency Diseases :
Deficiency
Diseases
Causes /Symptoms
A.Protein
Kwashiorkar
Children upto age of five years who
are mainly on instead of mother milk ,
suffer children become irritable cease
to grow lose weight skin pigmented,
patbolic due to retention of water by
the cells coedemas mental retardation.
Minerals
Anemia
Hemoglobin in R.B.Cs persons lack
pale lose appetite and fatigue easily.
B. Potassium K
Hypokalomia
Loss of Na dehydration low blood
pressure , loss of blood weight.
C. Sodium
Hyponatremia
Loss of Na dehydration low blood
pressure , loss of blood weight.
D.Iodine
Simple Goitre
enragement of thyroid due to how
iodine contet in drinking warter.
E.Calcium
Rickets & osteomalacia
Occurs in children softness and
deformities of bones bow legs and
pigeon chest due to loss of bone Ca.
F.Vitamins
X-crophthalmia
Lachrimal glands stop.

62. Vitamin A
order eye
producing tears leading to dry
Dermatosis
Night Blindness
and scaly skin. Inability to see in the
dark or in dim light.
Vitamin B Complex
Extreme weakness swelling and pain
B!(Thamois) Beri Beri
in the legs , loss of appetite ,
headache , enlarge heart and shorten
of breath.
Vitamin C
Pain in joints , loss of weight , anemia
Scurvy
Ascorbic Acid
Vitamin D
,gums become spongy , syrollen and
bleed easily teeth loose and fragile.
osteomalicia’s
Occurs adults softness and pain in
bones which fracture easily bending of
vertebral column.
An interview with Doctor
Mohd.Shafi Darzi
(BMO Larnoo)
Q1:-
Doctor you are most experienced and highest authority in Medical Block Larnoo and
you are presently working in P.H.C as superintendent. I have visited all A/Ds and sub centers,
in your block I found that at least whole population of block Larnoo is unsatisfied with the
medical facilities provide by your institution. What are the causes and reason behind this?
Ans:- Yes, you are right and I agree with you, because in the state particularly in Kashmir
valley disturbance have damaged our each and every thing. During the turmoil in the state

63. our infrastructure has been damaged. If we compare present situation with 1988. Then I can
say that it will take next thirty years to reach at the position of 1988. Our doctors of Hindu
community have migrated other corners of country and some famous doctors have been
killed and member of Muslim doctors have gone to Saudi Arabia only to enjoy peaceful life’s.
To meet all the requirements of population we need at least ten doctors P.H.C Larnoo
but it is impossible due to financial conditions it is impossible for us to provide required
facilities with out experts and professionals.
More than this the lady doctors are not ready to work in rural areas and Govt.
administration is too weak that any govt. action against these doctors is impossible.
Q.2:- Doctor my next question why rural women fall ill more as compared to urban women?
Ans:- Dear student you know almost of women in rural areas are illiterate. They do not
know any thing about their health. Besides this is our rural areas 100% people are directly or
indirectly involved in agriculture activities so women in rural areas have more work. They
work in agriculture fields, in kitchen and watches their wards and family and take imbalanced
diet. In those rural areas women fall ill due to deficiency of different vitamins, proteins,
carbohydrates etc.
Q.3:-How can we tackle this situation?
Ans:- Recently our district hospital Anantnag has launched a scheme namely family
awareness program we are conducting seminars by which we providing information to the
whole population about heir health. But as for I am concerned I think school education is the
alone way to tackle such situations.
Q.No4:- Doctor women at the time of delivery have lot of problems, are you providing
required treatment to women at the time?

64. Ans:- No in block Larnoo there is not any lady doctor in Govt. hospital if such cases come to
us we refer these cases to MCH hospital Anantnag. But at district level we have one blood
Bank in District hospital. But still Doctors of District hospital refer such cases to Srinagar. This
is a grief and hurt stricken Situation that most of the woman at the delivery last their precious
lives during the way to the Srinagar.
Q5:- Dr. Who is responsible for this situation?
Ans: it is our Govt. who has refused every time our demand to raise funds for healthy
department in order to meet the requirements of Hospitals as well as requirements of
population.
Q6: Dr. Are the People taking medicines according to your Prescription?
Ans:- No, due to poverty most of the patients can not buy medicines from the market so
poverty is another problem with our people that they are not taking required medicines. We
are supplying free medicines through A/D but we have only few medicines.
Q.7: Dr. How can you say that unawareness of illiteracy is responsible for low health status of
woman?
Ans:- As you know in rural areas we have no water supply tapes so people drink stream water
(un boiled) due to use of polluted water infections and epidemics are common in our village
joints, diarrhea, dysentery are the water born diseases.
Our illiterate women folk is not ready to use boiled water. They are not aware why
boiled water is necessary.
According to our survey report of district hospital at least 80 % of woman drink un boiled
stream water only 20% woman drink boiled water. The 20% which drink boiled water in rural
areas are Govt. holder and educated as you know that mother a foundation stone for a
family, society and for whole country. If mother herself drinks un boiled water and eat
unhygienic food how can she prevent her Childs, her family, her society. This is due to
illiteracy a rural women do not know what to eat and how to eat.

65. Q.8: Sir what type of conditions are suitable for the development of health department?
Ans: Normally the first thing for the development of every department as well as for
development our country. Take our own example of disturbed state we have lost number of
doctors, number of our hospitals, buildings have been burnt by security forces and unknown
persons.
Secondly well governance and tight and strong administration with corporation in locals is
must for 100% development.
An interview with village Headman
Q1:-
In your village , Is there any Anganwari centre , if yes then what kind of facilities
are provided to your village residents ?

66. Ans:- Our Govt. is corrupted , weak and dull , we have claimed at least ten times
against out Anganwardi centre authorities. But no one is ready to listen our
demands.
We have 15 Anganardi centers in our village , these centre’s are the
property of Govt. employees and property of helpers. Why because to some
extent children’s get benefits from these Anganwardi centers.
Q2:-
Do you ever seen what thinking of items are given to Anganwardi centers from
District Authority?
Ans:- Yes, they have OR’s powder , paracetomal tablets , eggs , ghee , butter , rice ,
anti-diarrhea tablets and variety of good daals (beans , pears , rojolab)etc but
we poor people are not receiving such thing.
Q3:-
Why authority or officers are not ready to lesson your complaints ?
Ans:- Because , they are corrupted persons . Anganwardi centers worked or bribing
them by giving them money , so that don’t think about mean less centers.
Q4:-
What remarks have you about administration in our state there not any
administration?
Ans;- Every administration demands money , money and money out weak in every
respect and in every field.
An interview with Principal
Montesouri public school
Mohd Iqbal
Recorded on 15/02/2013
Q.No.1:- Madam your institute has shown excellent results from the date of
establishment people like the school and your administration what are the main

67. causes behind this position. Which your institute has made in the mind of the
parents?
Ans: My institute is a private institute and is Gov. recognized up to 10 th class. In
private institution there is a competition between teachers as well as between
students. If any teacher shows 85% above result in his subject according to our
roles he will be promoted and will be given an increment of Rs 300/=. If any
teacher shows below 50% result he will be terminated and never can not be
appointed in my institute. So every teacher works hard and use their every
technique and experience to teach students.
In students all parents want their children should get excellent position in
their class so they guide their children’s or a good competitions . This is the
cause the people like my institution very much.
Q.No.2:-Madam in village Hiller (Sample Village) There are four Govt. pry Schools. All
the children of poor parents /children of labors are reading their, but the parents
are upset with teachers of those schools, why it is so?
Ans:- Our Govt. is weak, our officers are corrupted and they have nothing to do with
carrier of children’s. There aim is only to earn money by wrong and right
means. The teachers of these Govt. Pry schools are local and belongs to
politically approached families, so no one can take action against those
teachers. Educational authorities know that these schools are meaningless.
The results are 0% but the corrupted authority can not do any thing.
Q.No3:-Madam we are economically weak, children’s of economically weak families
are unable to take admission in your institute due to high rates of fee. Why are
these fee rates high?
Ans:-
In my institute I have 10 highly qualified and trained teachers and six nonteaching staff members. We depend wholly & solely on the tuition fee of
students . Our pay , building , furniture and other activities depend on fee of
students because monthly fee and other fee
are our only source of income.

68. Govt.is not ready to grant funds to private institutes so it is the reason that our
fee rates are very high as high as unbearable for poor people.
Q.No.4:-Madam , do you think Govt. should open schools in every village for the
facilities of rural population ?
Ans:- Yes , schools are most important to reach 100% literacy rate which is too low in
rural areas but every primary school should have its own building with at least 6
classrooms and staff should be efficient , interested and perfect in every
respect. Otherwise it is better to close the schools which are already functioning
with 0% performance.
Q.No.5:- Madam , I have visited at least 20 primary schools in block Larnoo private in
Govt.I got Roll statements their by which I came to know that number of girls
are too low as compared to boys, why parents do not send their girls to school
for education?
Ans:-
In our society males are preferred in every field . Parents are off view that
girls are go away child. So I is necessary to send them into school for education
. Besides these girls are carrying male children after mothers and then help
their parents in Kitchen and agricultural fields. It is the cause behind the low
enrollment of girls .
Q.No.6:- Madam , my research topic is health problems of rural women in Block
Larnoo. Do you know why health status of Rural women is low ?
Ans:- Dear scholar , there are number of problems regarding to the health of rural
women such as at least all women in rural areas are illiterates , they are un
aware about their health and they have no decision power. There wishes and
aims are meaningless in our society.
Secondly rural people are poor , their family income is very low and is
impossible to survive in this time inflation. With low income it is difficult to
maintain health condition of all families. Particularly during the pregnancy of a
women requires more proteins , vitamins , iron and weekly Doctor checkup.
Due to poverty these things are beyond the reach.

69. Third problem is lack of Govt. facilities, there is not any Lady Doctor or
special care centre for women. All women suffer during the pregnancy and this
situation goes to serious at the time of delivery. These are the problems which
women are facing in this advanced time.
CONCLUSION & SUGGESTIONS :
Keeping the response of questionnaire and interviews of two highest
qualified persons and data collected from District Hospital Anantnag and also
the data of PHC Larnoo, it is clear that illiteracy , poverty and lack of Govt.
Facilities are the problems responsible for low rural health status of rural
women . To improve this situation I am to suggest the following measures.
SUGGESTIONS :- Following measures can be suggested to raise the health
status of rural women:1. More schools be opened in rural areas so that more and more girl students
can be enrolled , incentives should be given to girl child during schooling
such as free books , free uniform , mid-day meals and other benefits. There
should be co-curricular arrangements in schools. It is only through
education that we can overcome the unhygienic conditions of the rural
women.
2. Community centers should be opened in villages , where the women folk be
taught the principles of personal and public hygiene.
3. Maternity homes should be set up in bigger villages so that proper care of
the young one and the mother be ensured.
4. Smokeless chulas , heaters and gas connections may be provided to rural
women so that they can rid of Asthma and T.B.
5. The villages should be electrified in order to replace the traditional methods
of lighting such as burning of oil lamps and wood.
6. Craft oriented courses be started in rural areas so that a girl child can learn
as well as earn their livelihood.

70. 7. Proper drinking water be supplied to villages so that they can refrain from
drinking impure water of the streams and ponds.
In short illiteracy is the root cause of all disease and education can help
in bringing a revolution in rural areas and with the help of education a woman
may understand her duties towards her home , children and the welfare of the
society.
Normalcy is must we can establish new assets to remove poverty only in
peaceful environment.
Bibliography
PERSONALITIES CONSULTED REGARDING THIS PROJECT :
Name
Qualification
Designation
Dr. Mohd.Shafi Darzi
M.B.B.S , M.D
B.M.O LARNOO
Mr.Bashir Ahmad Wani
B.Sc,B.Ed
Jr.Assistant Education
Department
Mr.Gh Nabi Itoo
B.A
Village Headman

71. Mr.Mohd.Syed Khan
M.A,L.L.B
Political Leader
AASIA CHADOO
M.A , Geography
Student
Shahnawaz Hassan Mir
M.A
Govt.Employee in Fire
Service Department
MOHD IQBAL
B.Sc,B.ed
Principal Montesouri pub
School Hiller
Zareefa Banoo
B.A , B.ed
Headmistress
Govt.High School
Hiller.
REFERENCES
1. GUPTA , S., SHARMA, M.L and DARSHAN ,S.(1981 ) Health
problems and promotive programmes in rural community-A case study in
Haryana.HAU Journal of Research,11:1,p. 93-99.
2. SINGH, I.J. (1979) A study of morbidity pattern in rural community.
Health and Population-Perspectives and Issues.2:3, p. 193-206.
3. NAIR,G.R. (1982) The problem villages. Social Welfare. 14:1.
p.26-28.

72. 4. MAEGRAITH, B. (1974) Disease due to infection and infestation. In:
Price’s textbook of the practice of Medicine (ed: R.B.Scott).The English
Language Book Society and Oxford University Press, Ely House,
London, p. 149-150.
5. GOPALAN, C. (1974) Nutritional problemsin India .Social Welfare.
21:1.p.6.
6. Alen, Tim and Alan,Thomas,1992. Poverty and Development in the
1990s,Oxford University Press: London.
7. World Bank, 1993. World Development Report-Investing in Health, OUP :
Oxford.
8.Ghosh, Pradip K.(ed), 1984. Third World Development-A Basic Needs
Approach, GreenWood Press : Connecticut.
9. www.google.com