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The cell
- 1. The Cell “ Everything you'll ever need to know is within you; the secrets of the universe are imprinted on the cells of your body.” Dan Millman
- 18. The Cell All Together
Notes de l'éditeur
- Plasma Membrane- The plasma membrane keeps things inside the cell, as well as outside. It is semi-permeable, which means that certaing things can go in and out of the cell while others cannot. It allows waste products to leave the cell and oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide are all small enough to penetrate the membrane. Cytoplasm- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like material, made up of mostly water, that fills the cell. It surrounds the nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic organelles in the plasma membrane. Cytoplasm contains proteins and important molecules that the cell needs. Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, salts, sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides make up the fluid part of the cytoplasm. This organelle contains dissolved products that help to dissolve waste. The cytoplasm also helps things to move around throughout the cell.
- Nuclear membrane- similar to plasma membrane. Pores in the membrane allow the internal nuclear environment to communicate with the cytoplasm of the cell.
- Organelles- Little Organs
- Cisternae- spaces within the folds of the ER
- Flagella- long, hairlike organelles that extend from the cell permitting it to move. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, the flagella rotate like the propeller of a moterboat. In eukaryotic cells, such as certain protozoa and sperm cells, the flagella whip about and propel the cell. Cillia- shorter and more numerous than flagella. Paramecium is a well known ciliated protozoan. They are also found on surface of several types of cells, such as those that line human respiratory tract.
- similar to the lipid bilayer in that it helps provide the interior structure of the cell the way the lipid bilayer provides the structure of the cell membrane. The cytoskeleton also allows the cell to adapt. Often, a cell will reorganize its intracellular components, leading to a change in its shape. The cytoskeleton is responsible for mediating these changes. By providing "tracks" with its protein filaments, the cytoskeleton allows organelles to move around within the cell. In addition to facilitating intracellular organelle movement, by moving itself the cytoskeleton can move the entire cells in multi-cellular organisms. In this way, the cytoskeleton is involved in intercellular communication.