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Les post-its
Samuel - Salomé - Sidney
Pensées philosophiques



« La raison est à l’âme ce que les yeux
sont au corps: sans les yeux, l’humain
ne peut jouir de la lumière, et sans la
lumière, il ne peut rien voir.»
                                 Quesnay
Siècle des Lumières
A2.encyclopédie.02
Nouvelle méthode de penser
Pensées des philosophes

           Les humains naissent
          égaux. De nos jours, en
         France, il y a une société
         d’ordres (Noble, Clergé et
            Tiers états). Est-ce
                 l’égalité?
Pensées des philosophes

  Il est utile de séparer les pouvoirs
(législatif, exécutif et judiciaire) pour
 s’assurer qu’il n’est pas concentré
      dans les mains d’une seule
    personne. Présentement, c’est
    comme une tyrannie en France!
Pensées des philosophes
           On doit respecter la liberté et les
         Les humains naissent égaux. De nos
           opinions sociales, politiques et
         jours, en France, il y a une société
           religieuses des autres. Ce n’est pas
         d’ordres (Noble, Clergé et Tiers états).
           le cas en France, car j’ai dû faire de
         Est-ce l’égalité?
           la prison et m’exiler pour avoir émis
           mes opinions contradictoires!
Pensées des philosophes

Les français devraient remplacer la
monarchie absolue par une monarchie
contrôlée par des lois ou un parlement.
L’esprit nouveau du XVIIIe siècle
L’esprit nouveau du XVIIIe siècle
Les philosophes se réunissent
souvent dans des lieux publics pour
discuter et critiquer le pouvoir absolu
du roi et contester son droit divin.
Selon eux, les principes de justice,
de tolérance et de liberté doivent
s’appliquer à tous les humains.
Les repères chronologiques et quelques personnages…

                              Les expériences politiques
                                                                                                        1850
1750                                      1800           1815                1830                    1848
  Monarchie d’ancien régime           Les
                                  expériences
                                            Consulat
                                                    Premier      Restau-       Monarchie              IIe
                                     de la
                                                     Empire      -ration       de Juillet            Rép.
                                   Révolution
          Société d’ordres

                                 1789                                                            1848
              Voltaire           Révolution                                                      Révo.
                                                                            1830
                  Rousseau                    Napoléon B.                   Révo.
                                   1.ère
                                   Répub.                     Louis XVIII
       Louis XV                    Robespierre                                      Louis Philippe
                     Louis XVI                                    Charles X
                                 La Fayette                                                Guizot


   Sources récentes de la Documentation photographique :
   N° 8057 - La monarchie absolue
   Joël Cornette, professeur à l'université Paris VIII, Vincennes - Saint-Denis – 2007
   N° 8054 - La Révolution
   Jean-Clément Martin, professeur d'histoire à l'Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne,
   directeur de l'Institut d'histoire de la Révolution française - 2006
La France du XVIIIe siècle
 Quelles sont les causes profondes de la révolution
 de 1789?
 En quoi le régime politique et l’organisation de la
 société sont-ils à l’origine de la contestation?
 • Notre plan :
 • I. Réalités de la monarchie absolue:
     • - L’absolutisme royal
     • - Un pouvoir progressivement construit. Exemples: la fiscalité et
       l’administration judiciaire.
 • II. La contestation par les « Lumières ».
     • - Un contexte favorable
     • - Ce que les Lumières contestent.
     • - La diffusion de leurs idées.
Le dais délimite un espace sacré              I. Réalité du pouvoir royal :
        autour du roi.
                        Thèmis, déesse           1. Portrait de LOUIS XVI
                        grecque de la justice,            roi de 1774 à 1789-1792.
                        tenant une balance       Par Antoine François CALLET. 1779.

Colonne = puissance,
solidité                                         Cf. manuel Bréal p.168




                                                 . Un pouvoir dit absolu, c’est à dire
                                                  sans limites précisées.
                                                 . Un pouvoir de droit divin établi avec
                                                 l’appui du clergé.
Notes
     En France, au cours du 18e siècle des
écrivains et des savants (            ) ont
une différente attitude et méthode de
penser. Les croyances populaires ne sont
plus prise pour acquis. Il faut pouvoir
prouver les croyances. Cette période se
nomme
___________________. Les philosophes
ont rédigé un ouvrage qui se nomme
qui contient toutes les connaissances de
l’époque
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A2.encyclopédie.02

  • 3. Les post-its Samuel - Salomé - Sidney
  • 4. Pensées philosophiques « La raison est à l’âme ce que les yeux sont au corps: sans les yeux, l’humain ne peut jouir de la lumière, et sans la lumière, il ne peut rien voir.» Quesnay
  • 8. Pensées des philosophes Les humains naissent égaux. De nos jours, en France, il y a une société d’ordres (Noble, Clergé et Tiers états). Est-ce l’égalité?
  • 9. Pensées des philosophes Il est utile de séparer les pouvoirs (législatif, exécutif et judiciaire) pour s’assurer qu’il n’est pas concentré dans les mains d’une seule personne. Présentement, c’est comme une tyrannie en France!
  • 10. Pensées des philosophes On doit respecter la liberté et les Les humains naissent égaux. De nos opinions sociales, politiques et jours, en France, il y a une société religieuses des autres. Ce n’est pas d’ordres (Noble, Clergé et Tiers états). le cas en France, car j’ai dû faire de Est-ce l’égalité? la prison et m’exiler pour avoir émis mes opinions contradictoires!
  • 11. Pensées des philosophes Les français devraient remplacer la monarchie absolue par une monarchie contrôlée par des lois ou un parlement.
  • 12. L’esprit nouveau du XVIIIe siècle
  • 13. L’esprit nouveau du XVIIIe siècle Les philosophes se réunissent souvent dans des lieux publics pour discuter et critiquer le pouvoir absolu du roi et contester son droit divin. Selon eux, les principes de justice, de tolérance et de liberté doivent s’appliquer à tous les humains.
  • 14. Les repères chronologiques et quelques personnages… Les expériences politiques 1850 1750 1800 1815 1830 1848 Monarchie d’ancien régime Les expériences Consulat Premier Restau- Monarchie IIe de la Empire -ration de Juillet Rép. Révolution Société d’ordres 1789 1848 Voltaire Révolution Révo. 1830 Rousseau Napoléon B. Révo. 1.ère Répub. Louis XVIII Louis XV Robespierre Louis Philippe Louis XVI Charles X La Fayette Guizot Sources récentes de la Documentation photographique : N° 8057 - La monarchie absolue Joël Cornette, professeur à l'université Paris VIII, Vincennes - Saint-Denis – 2007 N° 8054 - La Révolution Jean-Clément Martin, professeur d'histoire à l'Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, directeur de l'Institut d'histoire de la Révolution française - 2006
  • 15. La France du XVIIIe siècle Quelles sont les causes profondes de la révolution de 1789? En quoi le régime politique et l’organisation de la société sont-ils à l’origine de la contestation? • Notre plan : • I. Réalités de la monarchie absolue: • - L’absolutisme royal • - Un pouvoir progressivement construit. Exemples: la fiscalité et l’administration judiciaire. • II. La contestation par les « Lumières ». • - Un contexte favorable • - Ce que les Lumières contestent. • - La diffusion de leurs idées.
  • 16. Le dais délimite un espace sacré I. Réalité du pouvoir royal : autour du roi. Thèmis, déesse 1. Portrait de LOUIS XVI grecque de la justice, roi de 1774 à 1789-1792. tenant une balance Par Antoine François CALLET. 1779. Colonne = puissance, solidité Cf. manuel Bréal p.168 . Un pouvoir dit absolu, c’est à dire sans limites précisées. . Un pouvoir de droit divin établi avec l’appui du clergé.
  • 17. Notes En France, au cours du 18e siècle des écrivains et des savants ( ) ont une différente attitude et méthode de penser. Les croyances populaires ne sont plus prise pour acquis. Il faut pouvoir prouver les croyances. Cette période se nomme ___________________. Les philosophes ont rédigé un ouvrage qui se nomme qui contient toutes les connaissances de l’époque
  • 18. Animated Content Page Embedded Video Animation The title page contains a video element and is optimized to work with PowerPoint 2010 and PowerPoint 2007. The other pages in this template do not contain video animations.
  • 19. Animated or Static? Change Between Static and Animated You can change between static and animated layouts by clicking on the Layout tab in the HOME menu on the ribbon. For example this slide uses the static layout.
  • 20. PowerPoint 2010 & 2007* and PowerPoint 2008 & 2011 (Mac)** Troubleshooting Guide Use this template in either *PowerPoint 2007 **PowerPoint 2008 and PowerPoint 2007 or 2010 for 2011. the PC or PowerPoint 2008 or If the video is not playing 2011 for Mac. with PowerPoint 2007 you If the video animation is are missing a required not playing on a Mac Presentations saved from this update from Microsoft. computer you are missing template in .PPTX format will a required plug-in for work in PowerPoint 2007, The Office 2007 Service QuickTime. 2008(Mac), 2010, 2011(Mac). Pack 2 installs automatically with Windows Update. Flip4Mac is a WMV video Presentations saved in the plug-in for Quicktime. It is a older .PPT format (compatibility You can also download the free plug-in distributed by mode) will work in all versions update manually from Microsoft. of PowerPoint ‘97 through Microsoft here. 2011. But .PPT files will no Get the Plug-in here. longer contain the video animation.
  • 22. Alternate Content Page Printable Slide Layout An alternate content page with a printable background color.
  • 23. Bulleted Content Page • This Layout Page has bullets • And Indented Levels • Level 3 Text Placeholder • Level 4 Place Holder • Level 5 Place Holder
  • 24. Agenda or Summary Layout Phase 1 Discussion Item One – Phase 1 A Placeholder for text Phase 2 Discussion Item Two – Phase 2 A Placeholder for text Phase 3 Discussion Item Three – Phase 3 A Placeholder for text Discussion Item Four – Phase 4 Phase 4 A Placeholder for text
  • 25. Main Content Page Layout This text is a placeholder. Here is the second level. You may change this text Here is the third level Formatting is controlled by the slide master and the layout pages. There is a third level And even a fourth level
  • 26. Two Picture Page Layout A placeholder for text for the first picture More information can be added here by changing this text. A placeholder for the second picture More information can be added here by changing this text. Make changes to this text.
  • 27. Three Picture Page Layout A description of the A description of the A description of the first picture. You second picture. You third picture. You may change this text. may change this text. may change this text. A description of the A description of the A description of the first picture. You second picture. You third picture. You may change this text. may change this text. may change this text.
  • 28. Geographic Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Region Table Page Layout Here is the description of the table. You may change United States 1254 1873 1015 2284 or delete this text as you wish. Europe and Asia 324 310 300 419 This chart is compatible with Australia 15 18 13 20 PowerPoint 97 to 2007. Here is a placeholder for Canada 6 3 4 7 more text and description of the chart. Changing this Mexico 1 .5 .5 2 text will not interfere with the formatting of this template. TOTALS 1600 2205 1333 2732
  • 29. Comparison Table Layout Quarter North America Asia Europe Australi Quarter North America Asia Europe Australi a a Q1 2009 123 34 45 10 Q1 2009 123 34 45 10 Q2 2009 134 35 44 12 Q2 2009 134 35 44 12 Q3 2009 150 45 50 14 Q3 2009 150 45 50 14 Q4 2009 201 55 60 18 Q4 2009 201 55 60 18 Q1 2010 175 44 47 13 Q1 2010 175 44 47 13 Q2 2010 180 48 52 14 Q2 2010 180 48 52 Q3 2010 204 55 60 16 Q3 2010 204 55 60 Q4 2010 250 62 70 20 Q4 2010 250 62 70 Here is the description of the table. You may change or delete this text as you wish. This table is compatible with PowerPoint 97 to 2007.
  • 30. Bar Graph Page Chart Title Layout Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Here is the description of the chart. You may change 5 or delete this text as you wish. 4.3 4.4 4.5 This chart is compatible with 3.5 PowerPoint 97 to 2007. 3 2.8 2.4 2.5 Here is a placeholder for 2 2 1.8 more text and description of the chart. Changing this text will not interfere with the formatting of this template.
  • 31. Pie Graph Page Chart Title Layout 4th Qtr Here is the description of 9% the chart. You may change or delete this text as you 3rd Qtr wish. 10% This chart is compatible with PowerPoint 97 to 2007. 1st Qtr Here is a placeholder for 58% 2nd Qtr more text and description of the chart. Changing this 23% text will not interfere with the formatting of this template.
  • 32. Chart Title Line Chart Page Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Layout 6 Here is the description of the chart. You may change or delete this text as you 5 wish. 4 This chart is compatible with PowerPoint 97 to 2007. 3 Here is a placeholder for 2 more text and description of the chart. Changing this 1 text will not interfere with the formatting of this template. 0
  • 33. Chart Title Bar Graph Page Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Layout Here is the description of the chart. You may change or delete this text as you 5 wish. 4 This chart utilizes features only available with 2007. 3 Here is a placeholder for 2 more text and description of the chart. Changing this text will not interfere with the 1 formatting of this template. 0 Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
  • 34. Chart Title Pie Graph Page Layout 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr Here is the description of the chart. You may change or delete this text as you wish. 58% This chart utilizes features only available with 2007. Here is a placeholder for 23% more text and description of the chart. Changing this 9% 10% text will not interfere with the formatting of this template.
  • 35. Smart Art Page Layout Stage This chart utilizes Smart Art 1 which is feature in PowerPoint 2007. If you wish to make charts like this and don’t have PPT 2007, we have provided the graphical elements to help you build this yourself. Here is the description of the chart. You may change or delete this text as you wish. Here is a placeholder for Stage more text and description of 4 the chart. Changing this text will not interfere with the formatting of this template.
  • 36. Area 2 - Smart Art Page Offshoot Layout This chart utilizes Smart Art which is feature in PowerPoint 2007. If you wish to make charts like this and don’t have PPT 2007, we have provided the graphical elements to help you build this yourself. Here is the description of the chart. You may change or delete this text as you wish. Here is a placeholder for more text and description of Area 4 - Area 3 - the chart. Changing this Offshoot Offshoot text will not interfere with the formatting of this template.
  • 37. Smart Art Page Process 1 Layout A placeholder for text for more information This chart utilizes Smart Art which is feature in PowerPoint 2007. If you wish to make charts like this and don’t have PPT 2007, we have provided the Process 2 graphical elements to help A placeholder for text for more you build this yourself. information Here is the description of the chart. You may change or delete this text as you wish. Process 3 A placeholder for text for more information
  • 38. Picture Page Layout Here is a place holder for the picture caption. You may delete this text.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. En France, au cours du règne de Louis XV et de Louis XVI, des écrivains et savants français répandent des idées nouvelles. Ils ont une différente attitude et une différente méthode de penser.Ces individus portent le nom de:
  2. Les philosophes et leurs disciples étaient des gens à la mode et bien économiquement. Ils avaient le temps de s’asseoir dans les cafés, de lire les journaux et de discuter de politique, de science et de religion. Ils critiquent le pouvoir absolue du roi et contester son droit divin. Le roi et l’Église censuraient les livres et les journaux, mais , les philosophes défiaient la loi.
  3. est un ouvrage de 35 volumes auquel coopérèrent de nombreux philosophes. Cet ouvrage contenait toutes les connaissances de l’époque. Il critique le pouvoir royal et fut écrit dans l’esprit de la philosophie des lumières.