Chinese edit human embryos, spark fury

1. Chinese edit human
embryos, spark fury
First-Ever Tweak Raises Ethical Questions
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2. Contd..
Chinese scientists have successfully edited the genes of human embryos for
the first time, prompting fears that the discovery could lead to a new kind of
eugenics.
The researchers were able to successfully modify a specific gene responsible
for a potentially fatal blood disorder. But they say that problems
encountered during the testing mean that it is unlikely to be used more
widely in the immediate future. Using non-viable embryos obtained from
fertility clinics, a group of scientists led by Junjiu Huang, a researcher in
genetics at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, managed to inject embryos
with an enzyme that can be programmed to target a specific gene. Along
with another molecule that is also added to the embryo, that injection can
repair or replace genes that are considered to be a problem.
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3. Contd..
It is the first time that the procedure is known to have been successfully tried on
human embryo. “I believe this is the first report of CRISPRCas9 applied to human
pre-implantation embryos and as such the study is a landmark, as well as a
cautionary tale,“ George Daley , a stem-cell biologist at Harvard Medical School in
Boston, told Nature. “Their study should be a stern warning to any practitioner who
thinks the technology is ready for testing to eradicate disease genes.“
The team tested the procedure on 86 embryos, and gave them 48 hours to react.
After that it tested 54 of the 71 surviving embryos and found that 28 had been
successfully spliced. The low success rates led to the research team calling off the
study .The team also found that the complex used in the procedure was also acting
on other parts of the genome, leading to other bits of it mutating. That could mean
that the procedure could end up creating new disorders, as it tries to fix old ones.
Missing the target and inserting new DNA could “create a disease of its own“,
science writer Carl Zimmer warned in a blog for National Geographic.
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4. Contd..
Scientists are worried that using the technique to snip out bits of DNA
that are viewed as problematic could have terrible consequences for
subjects' descendants. Because the alterations will be coded into the
“heritable line“, they will be passed down to future generations -and
nobody is really sure what effect that would have over time.
Testing on humans steps over an ethical line about what we should be
able to do to ourselves, Edward Lanphier, president of Sangamo and
chairman of the Alliance for Regenerative Medicine in the US, wrote in
a comment article for journal Nature earlier this year. “We are humans,
not transgenic rats,“ Lanphier argued.
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