Native americans

Native Americans Lauren Salgado Bryan Canning Michael Carlson

Trade Trade with the European settlers brought advantages: knives, axes, weapons, cooking utensils, fish hooks and a host of other goods. Those Indians who traded initially had significant advantage over rivals who did not. In response to European demand, tribes such as the Iroquois began to devote more attention to fur trapping during the 17th century. Furs and pelts provided tribes the means to purchase colonial goods until late into the 18th century. Early colonial-Indian relations were an uneasy mix of cooperation and conflict. On the one hand, there were the exemplary relations which prevailed during the first half century of Pennsylvania's existence. On the other were a long series of setbacks, skirmishes and wars, which almost invariably resulted in an Indian defeat and further loss of land.

Religion Like all other cultures, the Indian societies of North America hoped to enlist the aid of the supernatural in controlling the natural and social world Each tribe had its own set of religious observances devoted to that aim. Individuals tried to woo or appease powerful spiritual entities with private prayers or sacrifices of valuable items (e.g., furs, tobacco, food), Sought divine assistance to ensure a successful hunt, a good harvest, or victory in warfare

Religion cont. They called upon shamans, priests, and, in fewer tribes, priestesses, whom they believed to have acquired supernatural powers through visions. These uncommon abilities included predicting the future and influencing the weather—matters of vital interest to whole tribes—but shamans might also assist individuals by interpreting dreams and curing or causing outbreaks of witchcraft. As even this brief account indicates, many key Indian religious beliefs and practices bore broad but striking resemblances to those current among early modern Europeans, both Catholic and Protestant.

Plow with a sharp stick, used crop rotation

Gathered food from the wild such as berries and other things that grow in the wild,[object Object]

Tribes Within Takaki Pequots – CT Powhatans – VA Wampanoags – New England Massachusetts Nausets Nipmucks Narragansetts –RI Mohegans –CT Kaskaskias Shawnees Cherokees –GA Choctas –Miss Creeks Chickasaws

5 Seaons Powhatan Calendar Winter Popanow Spring Cattaapeuk Sommer Cohattayough Earing of their Corne Nepinough Harvesting and Fall of the Leafe Taquitok

The Settler’s Perception Thought that they were: Savages Barbarians Cannibals Nudists Superstitious Stupid “took the first ship they saw for a walking island, the mast to be a tree, the sail white clouds, and the discharging of ordnance for lightening and thunder” –Takaki pg 27

The Trail of Tears In 1829 the Georgia Legislature passed a law extending state authority over the territory of the Cherokee Nation. After this the Cherokee Indians were given the choice to either leave the state or be subjective to White rule. They refused to leave their land The Government decided to come up with a treaty for the removal of the Cherokee tribe.

The Trail of Tears Cont. The Cherokee did not agree to this treaty, but it was ratified anyways by congress. After it was ratified the Cherokee Indians attempted to fight it, but did not succeed. The military was ordered to forcibly remove them. Families were seized, and their belongings were sold for cheap right in front of them. The Cherokee’s were marched westward. This took place in the dead of winter. Takaki states “ A Cherokee recalled how there were so many bodies to bury: “looks like maybe all be dead before we get to the new Indian country.. Nearly one fourth of this exiled Indian nation- died on what they have bitterly remembered as the “Trail of Tears””

The Media’s Perception Sesame Street Peter Pan

The Odds are With the House In the very early 1970s, Russell and Helen Bryan, a married Chippewa couple living on Indian lands in northern Minnesota, received a property tax bill from the local county. The Bryans had never received a property tax bill from the county before. Not certain what to do, but unwilling to pay it, they took the tax notice to local legal aid attorneys, who brought suit to challenge the tax in the state courts. The Bryans lost their case in the state district court, and they lost again on appeal in a unanimous decision by the Minnesota Supreme Court. Their last chance was to seek review in the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court granted review, and in a sweeping and unanimous decision authored by Justice Brennan, the Supreme Court held not only that states do not have authority to tax Indians on Indian reservations, but that they also lack the authority to regulate Indian activities by Indians on Indian reservations. The stage was now set for Indian gaming. Within a few short years, enterprising Indians and tribes began to operate Indian bingo operations in numerous different locations around the United States.

Native americans

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