1. URINARY SYSTEM CHAPTER 9 ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

2. FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM ELIMINATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS NITROGENOUS WASTES TOXINS DRUGS

3. FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM REGULATES ASPECTS OF HOMEOSTASIS WATER BALANCE ELECTROLYTES ACID BASE BALANCE IN THE BLOOD BLOOD PRESSURE RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION ACTIVATION OF VITAMIN D

4. ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM KIDNEYS ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE & BLOOD SUPPLY -HIGHLY VASCULAR (25% CARDIAC OUTPUT) PRODUCES URINE (WATER & ELECTROLYTES, UREA, URIC ACID & CREATINE) INITIALLY AN UL- TRAFILTRATE OF THE BLOOD. URETERS URINARY BLADDER URETHRA

5. KIDNEYS TWO REDDISH “BEAN SHAPED” EXCRETORY ORGANS THAT FILTERS WASTE (ESPECIALLY UREA) FROM THE BLOOD AND SECRETE THEM AND WATER IN THE URINE. LOCATED ABOVE THE WAIST AND BEHIND THE STOMACH. URINE PASSES OUT OF THE KIDNEY THROUGH URETERS TO THE BLADDER.

6. OTHER ACTIVITIES OF THE KIDNEYS Produces erythropoietin – stimulates red blood cell production Produces active form of Vitamin D3 – essential for calcium absorption from gut Produces renin – enzyme that participates in a chain of reactions to increase blood pressure

7. THE KIDNEY

8. NEPHRON Functional unit of the kidney Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion occur here Starts in the cortex and loops down into medulla

9. NEPHRON

10. URETERS SLENDER TUBES ATTACHING THE KIDNEY TO THE BLADDER CONTINUOUS WITH THE RENAL PELVIS ENTER THE POSTERIOR ASPECT OF THE BLADDER RUNS BEHIND THE PERITONEUM PERISTALSIS AIDS GRAVITY IN URINE TRANSPORT

11. URINARY BLADDER SMOOTH, COLLAPSIBLE, MUSCULAR SAC TEMPORARILY STORES URINE

13. Mucosa made of transitional epithelium

14. Walls are thick and folded in an empty bladder

16. Release of urine is controlled by two sphincters

17. Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)

19. Females – 3–4 cm (1 inch)- Only carries urine

20. Males – 20 cm (8 inches)-Carries urine and is a passageway for sperm cells

21. Location

22. Females – along wall of the vagina

24. Urinary system of a newborn

25. Bladder is small

27. The bladder shrinks with aging

28. Urinary retention is common in males