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WORKSTATION HEAT, SOUND, AND POWER USAGE:
LENOVO THINKSTATION S30 VS. DELL PRECISION T3600




                          When selecting a workstation, it’s important to consider how it will
                  contribute to a reliable and comfortable work environment for the user and
                  how much electricity it will require. Workstations vary considerably in the
                  amount of heat and noise they generate and in the amount of power they
                  consume. A system with a cooler operating temperature helps you two ways: by
                  being less likely to fail and by requiring less air conditioning to keep the office at
                  a comfortable temperature. A quieter system provides a more pleasant user
                  experience and a more power-efficient system lowers your electric bill by using
                  less electricity and running cooler which reduces the amount of cooling
                  required.
                          In our labs, Principled Technologies (PT) tested the Lenovo ThinkStation
                  S30 and the Dell Precision T3600 workstation. We found that the Lenovo
                  workstation was quieter and less power-hungry than the Dell workstation, and
                  had lower surface temperatures while idle and while under load. These findings
                  show that the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 could contribute to a reliable user
                  experience and a comfortable office environment and save on electricity costs.




                                                                                                   NOVEMBER 2012
                                                       A PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES REPORT
                                                                                           Commissioned by Lenovo
WHICH WORKSTATION MAKES FOR A RELIABLE, PLEASANT,
AND POWER-EFFICIENT WORK ENVIRONMENT?
                                  A workstation that generates more heat and noise and uses more
                         power than necessary can be more prone to system failure, can be distracting
                         and uncomfortable for workers, and can boost electricity bills—both because of
                         the power the system itself draws and the power that additional air
                         conditioning uses. To determine how two workstations compared on these
                         fronts, we measured the heat, noise, and power consumption of the Lenovo
                         ThinkStation S30 and the Dell Precision T3600 workstation.
                                  We performed the tests while the two systems were idle and again
                         while they were running a heavy workload that consisted of two benchmarks
                         stressing each system’s hard disk, processor, and memory.
                                  Figure 1 presents highlights of our test results.

                        Lenovo ThinkStation S30          Dell Precision T3600             Comparison
Heat (degrees Celsius above room temperature)
Rear system fan
                                  1.9                             5.4                   184.2% cooler
exhaust (idle)
Average of 5 internal
                                 11.7                            12.1                     66.7% cooler
locations (idle)
Acoustics (decibels)
Idle                             24.4                            26.3                    12.3% quieter*
Under load                       24.4                            26.5                    13.5% quieter*
Power usage (watts)
Idle                             40.2                            60.9                 Used 33.9% less power
Under load                       86.4                            98.1                 Used 11.9% less power
Figure 1: Test result summary. Lower numbers are better. *For explanation of acoustics comparison, see the
Quieter is Better section below.

                                  For detailed specifications of our test systems, see Appendix A. For
                         details of our testing, see Appendix B.

COOL UNDER PRESSURE
                                  The operating temperatures of computers vary considerably. While one
                         advantage of a cooler workstation is obvious—no one wants a hot office—
                         workstations running at cooler temperatures also bring other benefits.
                                  It is well known within the IT industry that operating temperatures
                         degrade hardware reliability. Excess heat can cause hard drives, CPUs, memory,
                         and other components to fail. For example, overheating can expand hard drive
                         platters, causing hard drive failure. At the very least, excess heat can reduce the


Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                          A Principled Technologies report 2
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
drive’s effective operating life. According to a recent Fujitsu white paper, hard
                          disk manufacturers now suggest cooler operating temperatures for drive
                          enclosures.1 Because many users fail to back up their data on a regular basis,
                          adequate ventilation and cooling in a workstation goes a long way to avoiding
                          problems such as catastrophic data loss due to hard drive failure.
                                  Many workers are not fortunate enough to have control over the
                          climate in their offices. Not only do workstations with higher operating
                          temperatures place extra wear on hardware, but they can make an already
                          warm office even more uncomfortable.
                                  With system reliability and user comfort in mind, we measured the
                          temperature of several key internal and external spots on the two workstations
                          while they were idle and while they were running a heavy workload. However,
                          given that most workstations run 24 hours a day, we believe the most
                          appropriate measure of thermal performance is the temperature of the air
                          exiting the rear exhaust when the workstation is idle.
                                  For each of the locations, we measured the temperature three times
                          and noted the number of degrees Celsius each measurement deviated from the
                          ambient room temperature. Because the ambient temperature varied
                          throughout our testing, the temperature difference between the ambient
                          temperature and the surface temperature we recorded for each system makes
                          the fairest comparison.

QUIETER IS BETTER
                                  Any user, given a choice, would prefer a quiet system to a noisy one. As
                          Figure 2 shows, the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 was considerably quieter than the
                          Dell Precision T3600 under both load conditions.
                                  We calculated the difference in perceived volume with the two
                          workstations using the following formula2 for sound level change:



                                  The change in sound level (L) is related to the ratio for loudness (or
                          volume) by using the calculated L as follows:



                                  For example, if the level change (L) is 1.9dB, the ratio for loudness is
                          1.141x, or 14.1 percent louder.

1
    http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/COMP/fcpa/hdd/sata-mobile-ext-duty_wp.pdf
2
    http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-levelchange.htm

Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                           A Principled Technologies report 3
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
Using this approach, we determined that the Dell Precision T3600 was
                          14.1 percent louder than the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 when the systems were
                          idle and 15.7 percent louder when they were under load.
                                          Another way to look at this same data is that the Lenovo ThinkStation
                          S30 was 12.3 percent quieter than the Dell Precision T3600 when both systems
                          were idle and 13.5 percent quieter when they were both under load.

                                                               Acoustics (lower is better)
                                          30
                                                                   26.3                 26.5
                                                     24.4                       24.4
                                          25
                                                                                                     Lenovo
Figure 2: The Lenovo                      20
                                                                                                     ThinkStation
                               Decibels




ThinkStation S30 was                                                                                 S30
quieter than the Dell                     15
Precision T3600.                                                                                     Dell Precision
                                          10                                                         T3600

                                           5

                                           0
                                                        Idle                     Under load


LESS POWER USED IS BETTER
                                          A workstation that uses less power saves you money when the electric
                          bill comes. As Figure 3 shows, the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 used less power than
                          the Dell Precision T3600—23.7 percent less when the systems were idle and 4.5
                          percent less when they were under load. We used an Extech® Power Analyzer to
                          measure power consumption while the systems were idle and under load.

                                                            Power usage (lower is better)
                                     120
                                                                                        98.1
                                     100                                                            Lenovo
                                                                                 86.4
Figure 3: The Lenovo                                                                                ThinkStation
                                          80                                                        S30
ThinkStation S30 used
                                                                   60.9
                             Watts




up to 23.7 percent less                   60
power than the Dell
                                                     40.2                                           Dell Precision
Precision T3600.                          40                                                        T3600

                                          20

                                          0
                                                            Idle                 Under load


Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                                  A Principled Technologies report 4
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
IN CONCLUSION
                              A workstation that runs in a quiet and cool manner and uses less power
                      is a great boon to workers and the companies they work for. In our tests, both
                      when idle and when under load, the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 ran more quietly
                      and at lower surface temperatures than the Dell Precision T3600 workstation
                      and used less power. These findings make the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 an
                      excellent choice for those who want to provide a reliable, comfortable work
                      environment while using less power.




Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                    A Principled Technologies report 5
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
APPENDIX A: DETAILED SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
         Figure 4 presents detailed configuration information for the two systems we tested.

                                                Lenovo S30                    Dell Precision T3600
System
                                               ThinkStation                       Workstation
General
Number of processor packages        1                                  1
Number of cores per processor       4                                  4
Number of hardware threads per
                                    1                                  1
core
Total number of system threads      4                                  4
System power management
                                    ThinkCentre Default                Dell
policy
Processor power-saving option       EIST                               EIST
CPU
Vendor                              Intel®                             Intel
Name                                Xeon®                              Xeon
Model number                        E5-1603                            E5-1603
Stepping                            M1                                 M1
Socket type                         LGA2011                            LGA2011
Bus/Core Ratio                      2.80                               2.80
Core frequency (GHz)                28                                 28
Intel QuickPath Interconnect
                                    0 GT/s                             0 GT/s
Speed
L1 cache                            256 KB (32 KB + 32 KB per core)    256 KB (32 KB + 32 KB per core)
L2 cache                            1 MB (256 KB per core)             1 MB (256 KB per core)
L3 cache                            10 MB (shared)                     10 MB (shared)
Platform
Vendor                              Lenovo                             Dell
Motherboard model number            Lenovo                             0PTTT9
Motherboard chipset                 Intel C602                         Intel C602
                                    Lenovo A0KT39AUS
BIOS name and version                                                  Dell A04 (07/05/2012)
                                    (08/10/2012)
Memory module(s)
                                    Micron® MT9JSF25672PZ-
Vendor and model number                                                Micron MT8JTF25664AZ-1G6M1
                                    1G6M1FE
Type                                PC3-12800                          PC3-12800
Speed (MHz)                         1600                               1600
Speed running in the system
                                    1600                               1600
(MHz)
Timing/Latency (tCL-tRCD-tRP-
                                    7-7-7-19                           10-10-10-28
tRASmin)
Size (MB)                           2048                               2048
Number of memory module(s)          1                                  1

Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                      A Principled Technologies report 6
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
Lenovo S30                        Dell Precision T3600
System
                                           ThinkStation                           Workstation
Total amount of system RAM
                                  2                                  2
(GB)
Chip organization (single-
                                  Double-sided                       Double-sided
sided/double-sided)
Channel (single/dual/quad)        Single                             Single
Hard disk
Vendor and model number           Seagate® ST500DM002-1BD14          Seagate ST500DM002-1BD14
Number of disks in system         1                                  1
Size (GB)                         500                                500
Buffer size (MB)                  16                                 16
RPM                               7,200                              7,200
Type                              SATA 6.0Gb/s                       SATA 6.0Gb/s
                                  Intel C600 Series Chipset SATA     Intel C600/X79 series Chipset 6-
Controller
                                  RAID Controller                    Port SATA AHCI Controller
Driver                            Intel 3.2.0.1126 (06/20/2012)      Intel 9.2.3.1013 (03/16/2011)
Operating system
                                  Microsoft® Windows® 7              Microsoft Windows 7
Name
                                  Professional x64                   Professional x64
Build number                      7601                               7601
Service Pack                      1                                  1
File system                       NTFS                               NTFS
Kernel                            ACPI x64-based PC                  ACPI x64-based PC
Language                          English                            English
Microsoft DirectX version         11                                 11
Graphics
Vendor and model number           NVIDIA® NVS 300                    NVIDIA NVS 300
Type                              Discrete                           Discrete
Chipset                           NVS 300                            NVS 300
BIOS version                      70.18.83.0.8                       70.18.83.0.8
Total available graphics memory
                                  1255                               1242
(MB)
Dedicated video memory (MB)       512                                512
System video memory (MB)          0                                  0
Shared system memory (MB)         743                                730
Resolution                        1280 x 1024                        1280 x 1024
                                  NVIDIA 8.17.12.7642                NVIDIA 8.17.12.7619
Driver
                                  (12/10/2011)                       (10/06/2011)
Sound card/subsystem
Vendor and model number           Realtek™ High Definition Audio     Realtek High Definition Audio
Driver                            Realtek 6.0.1.6581 (02/29/2012)    Realtek 6.0.1.5890 (09/23/2011)




Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                    A Principled Technologies report 7
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
Lenovo S30                  Dell Precision T3600
System
                                               ThinkStation                     Workstation
Ethernet #1
Vendor and model number              Intel 82579LM Gigabit            Intel 82579LM Gigabit
Driver                               Intel 11.15.16.0 (01/11/2012)    Intel 11.15.12.0 (11/30/2011)
Ethernet #2
Vendor and model number              NA                               NA
Driver                               NA                               NA
Optical drive(s)
Vendor and model number              LG DH40N                         TSSTcorp SN-208BB
Type                                 DVD-ROM                          DVD-RW
USB ports
Number                               12                               10
Type                                 10 x USB 2.0, 2 x USB 3.0        8 x USB 2.0, 2 x USB 3.0
Other                                Serial port                      Serial port
IEEE 1394 ports
Number                               0                                0
Monitor
Type                                 ViewSonic® VG730m                ViewSonic VG730m
Screen size (inches)                 17                               17
Refresh rate (Hz)                    60                               60
Figure 4: System configuration information.




Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                     A Principled Technologies report 8
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
APPENDIX B: DETAILED TEST METHODOLOGY
Measuring surface temperature
Test requirements
   Fluke® 2680A Data Acquisition System
   PassMark BurnInTest Professional
   Linpack benchmark

Measuring system temperature and power while idle
Setting up the test
1. Set the power plan to the manufacturer’s default setting. Set the display brightness to 100 percent:
   a. Click Start.
   b. In the Start menu’s quick search field, type Power Options
   c. Move the Screen brightness slider all the way to the right.
2. Set the remaining power plan settings as follows:
    Dim the display: Never
    Turn off the display: Never
    Put the computer to sleep: Never
3. Disable the screen saver.
4. Place the workstation, mouse, keyboard, and display in a windowless, climate-controlled room.
5. Attach a Type T thermocouple to the exterior of the workstation at the following locations:
    Front center
    Top
    Side opposite the motherboard
    Side closest to the motherboard
    Back in center of power supply exhaust
6. Attach a Type T thermocouple to the following locations inside the case:
    On the hard drive
    On the CPU heatsink
    On the VRM FET
    On the chipset heatsink
    On one DIMM
7. Close the case.
8. Configure the Fluke 2680A Data Acquisition System to take measurements from the temperature
   probes and one ambient temperature probe using the Fluke DAQ software.
   a. Connect the Type T thermocouples to channels in the Fluke Fast Analog Input module (FAI).
   b. In the Fluke DAQ software, click each surface temperature channel, select Thermocouple from
       the list of Functions, and choose T from the list of ranges.
   c. Label each channel with the location associated with each thermocouple.
   d. In the Fluke DAQ software, click the ambient temperature channel, select Thermocouple from
       the list of Functions, and choose T from the list of ranges.
   e. Label this channel Ambient.
9. While running each test, use a Fluke 2680A Data Acquisition System to monitor ambient and
   temperature at each interior and exterior point.


Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                      A Principled Technologies report 9
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
10. Connect the power cord from the workstation to the Extech Instruments 380803 Power Analyzer’s
    DC output load power outlet.
11. Plug the power cord from the Power Analyzer’s DC input voltage connection into a power outlet.
12. Connect a separate host computer to the Power Analyzer using an RS-232 cable. This computer will
    monitor and collect the power measurement data.
13. Turn on the Extech Power Analyzer by pressing the green On/Off button.
14. Turn on the host computer.
15. Insert the Extech software installation CD into the host computer, and install the software.
16. Once installed, launch the Extech Power Analyzer software, and configure the correct COM port.

Running the test
1. Boot the system and bring up an elevated command prompt:
     Select Windows Start orb.
     Type cmd and press Control-Shift-Enter.
2. Type Cmd.exe /c start /wait Rundll32.exe
    advapi32.dll,ProcessIdleTasks
    Do not interact with the system until the command completes.
3. After the command completes, wait 15 minutes before running the test.
4. Start the Fluke 2680A data logger using the Fluke DAQ software, and begin recording power with the
    Extech Power Analyzer.
5. Allow the workstation to sit idle for 1 hour.
6. After 1 hour, stop the Fluke 2680A data logger using the Fluke DAQ software, and the Power
    Analyzer data logger.
7. Export the thermal measurements to a CSV file. The Power Analyzer creates a CSV file as it collects
    that data.
8. Use the thermal measurement CSV file to find and report the highest temperature measured at each
    location during the test.
9. Use the Power Analyzer CSV to calculate the average power draw in watts during the test.
10. Power the workstation off for 1 hour, and allow it to return to room temperature.
11. Repeat steps 1 through 9 two more times.

Measuring system temperature and power while under load
Setting up the test
1.    Download PassMark BurnInTest Professional 7.0 from http://www.passmark.com/products/bit.htm.
2.    Double-click bitpro_x64.exe to run setup.
3.    At the Welcome screen, click Next.
4.    Accept the license agreement, and click Next.
5.    At the Choose Install Location screen, accept the default location of C:Program FilesBurnInTest,
      and click Next.
6.    At the Select Start Menu Folder screen, click Next.
7.    At the Ready to Install screen, click Install.
8.    At the Completing the BurnInTest Setup Wizard screen, deselect View Readme.txt, and click Finish to
      launch BurnInTest.
9.    At the Purchasing information screen, copy and paste the Username and key, and click Continue.
10.   At the Key accepted screen, click OK.
11.   Select Test selection and duty cycles from the Configuration menu item.
12.   Select CPU, 2D Graphics, 3D Graphics, and Disk(s), and deselect all other subsystems.

Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                      A Principled Technologies report 10
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
13. Set load to 100, and click OK.
14. Select Test Preferences from the Configuration menu item and set or verify the following by clicking
    on each tab:
     Disk: select C: drive
     Logging: select Turn automatic logging on
     2D Graphics: select All available Video Memory
     3D Graphics: use defaults
     CPU: use defaults
15. Unpack the Linpack benchmark and adjust the number of instances, problem size, and leading
    dimension size so that the CPU is at 100% utilization, and the memory is as close to 100% utilization
    as possible. We used a batch file to run the number of instances we determined for each
    workstation.

Running the test
1. Boot the system and launch PassMark BurnInTest by double-clicking the desktop icon.
2. Bring up an elevated command prompt:
    a. Select Windows Start orb.
    b. Type cmd and press Control-Shift-Enter.
3. Type Cmd.exe /c start /wait Rundll32.exe
    advapi32.dll,ProcessIdleTasks
    Do not interact with the system until the command completes.
4. After the command completes, wait 15 minutes before running the test.
5. Click Start Selected Tests in the BurnInTest V7.0 Pro screen, and double-click the Linpack benchmark
    batch file.
6. Start the Fluke 2680A data logger using the Fluke DAQ software, and begin recording power with the
    Extech Power Analyzer.
7. After 1 hour, stop the Fluke 2680A data logger using the Fluke DAQ software, and the Power
    Analyzer data logger.
8. Export the thermal measurements to a CSV file. The Power Analyzer creates a CSV file as it collects
    that data.
9. Use the thermal measurement CSV file to find and report the highest temperature measured at each
    location during the test.
10. Use the Power Analyzer CSV to calculate the average power draw in watts during the test.
11. Power the workstation off for 1 hour, and allow it to return to room temperature.
12. Repeat the steps 1 through 11 two more times.

Measuring acoustics
Test requirements
   Extech SDL600 Sound Level Meter/Datalogger with SD card
   PassMark BurnInTest Professional

Measuring acoustics of the workstation while idle
Setting up the test
1. Place the workstation, mouse, keyboard, and display in a windowless, sound-proofed professional
   sound booth.


Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                     A Principled Technologies report 11
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
2. Set the Extech SDL600 on a tripod so that it is 3 feet in front of, and 2 feet above the workstation.

Running the test
1. Boot the system and bring up an elevated command prompt:
    Select Windows Start orb.
    Type cmd and press Control-Shift-Enter.
2. Type Cmd.exe /c start /wait Rundll32.exe
   advapi32.dll,ProcessIdleTasks
   Do not interact with the system until the command completes.
3. After the command completes, wait 5 minutes before running the test.
4. Start the Extech SDL600 Sound Level Meter/Datalogger and allow the workstation to sit idle for 1
   hour.
5. After 1 hour, stop the Extech SDL600.
6. Power the workstation off for 10 minutes.
7. Copy the log file from the Extech SDL600 SD card.
8. Repeat steps 1 through 7 two more times.

Measuring acoustics of the workstation while under load
Setting up the test
          Ensure that PassMark BurnInTest Professional 7.0 and the Linpack benchmark are set up on your
system.
Running the test
1. Boot the system and launch PassMark BurnInTest by double-clicking the desktop icon.
2. Bring up an elevated command prompt:
    Select Windows Start orb.
    Type cmd and press Control-Shift-Enter.
3. Type Cmd.exe /c start /wait Rundll32.exe
   advapi32.dll,ProcessIdleTasks
   Do not interact with the system until the command completes.
4. After the command completes, wait 15 minutes before running the test.
5. Click Start Selected Tests in the BurnInTest V7.0 Pro screen, double-click the Linpack benchmark
   batch file, and start the Extech SDL600 Sound Level Meter/Datalogger.
6. After 1 hour, stop the Extech SDL600.
7. Power the workstation off for 10 minutes.
8. Copy the log file from the Extech SDL600 SD card.
9. Repeat steps 1 through 8 two more times.

Measuring power consumption
       To record each workstation’s power consumption during each test, we used an Extech
Instruments (www.extech.com) 380803 Power Analyzer/Datalogger. We connected the power cord
from the server under test to the Power Analyzer’s output load power outlet. We then plugged the
power cord from the Power Analyzer’s input voltage connection into a power outlet.




Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                      A Principled Technologies report 12
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
We used the Power Analyzer’s Data Acquisition Software (version 2.11) to capture all
recordings. We installed the software on a separate Intel processor-based PC, which we connected to
the Power Analyzer via an RS-232 cable. We captured power consumption at one-second intervals.
        We then recorded the power usage (in watts) for each system during the testing at 1-second
intervals. To compute the average power usage, we averaged the power usage during the time the
system was producing its peak performance results.




Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                   A Principled Technologies report 13
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
ABOUT PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES
                                        We provide industry-leading technology assessment and fact-based
                                        marketing services. We bring to every assignment extensive
                                        experience with and expertise in all aspects of technology testing
                                        and analysis, from researching new technologies, to developing new
Principled Technologies, Inc.
1007 Slater Road, Suite 300             methodologies, to testing with existing and new tools.
Durham, NC, 27703
www.principledtechnologies.com
                                        When the assessment is complete, we know how to present the
                                        results to a broad range of target audiences. We provide our clients
                                        with the materials they need, from market-focused data to use in
                                        their own collateral to custom sales aids, such as test reports,
                                        performance assessments, and white papers. Every document
                                        reflects the results of our trusted independent analysis.

                                        We provide customized services that focus on our clients’ individual
                                        requirements. Whether the technology involves hardware,
                                        software, Web sites, or services, we offer the experience, expertise,
                                        and tools to help our clients assess how it will fare against its
                                        competition, its performance, its market readiness, and its quality
                                        and reliability.

                                        Our founders, Mark L. Van Name and Bill Catchings, have worked
                                        together in technology assessment for over 20 years. As journalists,
                                        they published over a thousand articles on a wide array of
                                        technology subjects. They created and led the Ziff-Davis Benchmark
                                        Operation, which developed such industry-standard benchmarks as
                                        Ziff Davis Media’s Winstone and WebBench. They founded and led
                                        eTesting Labs, and after the acquisition of that company by
                                        Lionbridge Technologies were the head and CTO of VeriTest.


Principled Technologies is a registered trademark of Principled Technologies, Inc.
All other product names are the trademarks of their respective owners.

Disclaimer of Warranties; Limitation of Liability:
PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. HAS MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO ENSURE THE ACCURACY AND VALIDITY OF ITS TESTING,
HOWEVER, PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, RELATING TO
THE TEST RESULTS AND ANALYSIS, THEIR ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS OR QUALITY, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF
FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ALL PERSONS OR ENTITIES RELYING ON THE RESULTS OF ANY TESTING DO SO AT THEIR
OWN RISK, AND AGREE THAT PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC., ITS EMPLOYEES AND ITS SUBCONTRACTORS SHALL HAVE NO
LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FROM ANY CLAIM OF LOSS OR DAMAGE ON ACCOUNT OF ANY ALLEGED ERROR OR DEFECT IN ANY
TESTING PROCEDURE OR RESULT.

IN NO EVENT SHALL PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH ITS TESTING, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL
PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.’S LIABILITY, INCLUDING FOR DIRECT DAMAGES, EXCEED THE AMOUNTS PAID IN CONNECTION
WITH PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.’S TESTING. CUSTOMER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES ARE AS SET FORTH HEREIN.




Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo                             A Principled Technologies report 14
ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600

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Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo ThinkStation S30 and the Dell Precision T3600 workstation

  • 1. WORKSTATION HEAT, SOUND, AND POWER USAGE: LENOVO THINKSTATION S30 VS. DELL PRECISION T3600 When selecting a workstation, it’s important to consider how it will contribute to a reliable and comfortable work environment for the user and how much electricity it will require. Workstations vary considerably in the amount of heat and noise they generate and in the amount of power they consume. A system with a cooler operating temperature helps you two ways: by being less likely to fail and by requiring less air conditioning to keep the office at a comfortable temperature. A quieter system provides a more pleasant user experience and a more power-efficient system lowers your electric bill by using less electricity and running cooler which reduces the amount of cooling required. In our labs, Principled Technologies (PT) tested the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 and the Dell Precision T3600 workstation. We found that the Lenovo workstation was quieter and less power-hungry than the Dell workstation, and had lower surface temperatures while idle and while under load. These findings show that the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 could contribute to a reliable user experience and a comfortable office environment and save on electricity costs. NOVEMBER 2012 A PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES REPORT Commissioned by Lenovo
  • 2. WHICH WORKSTATION MAKES FOR A RELIABLE, PLEASANT, AND POWER-EFFICIENT WORK ENVIRONMENT? A workstation that generates more heat and noise and uses more power than necessary can be more prone to system failure, can be distracting and uncomfortable for workers, and can boost electricity bills—both because of the power the system itself draws and the power that additional air conditioning uses. To determine how two workstations compared on these fronts, we measured the heat, noise, and power consumption of the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 and the Dell Precision T3600 workstation. We performed the tests while the two systems were idle and again while they were running a heavy workload that consisted of two benchmarks stressing each system’s hard disk, processor, and memory. Figure 1 presents highlights of our test results. Lenovo ThinkStation S30 Dell Precision T3600 Comparison Heat (degrees Celsius above room temperature) Rear system fan 1.9 5.4 184.2% cooler exhaust (idle) Average of 5 internal 11.7 12.1 66.7% cooler locations (idle) Acoustics (decibels) Idle 24.4 26.3 12.3% quieter* Under load 24.4 26.5 13.5% quieter* Power usage (watts) Idle 40.2 60.9 Used 33.9% less power Under load 86.4 98.1 Used 11.9% less power Figure 1: Test result summary. Lower numbers are better. *For explanation of acoustics comparison, see the Quieter is Better section below. For detailed specifications of our test systems, see Appendix A. For details of our testing, see Appendix B. COOL UNDER PRESSURE The operating temperatures of computers vary considerably. While one advantage of a cooler workstation is obvious—no one wants a hot office— workstations running at cooler temperatures also bring other benefits. It is well known within the IT industry that operating temperatures degrade hardware reliability. Excess heat can cause hard drives, CPUs, memory, and other components to fail. For example, overheating can expand hard drive platters, causing hard drive failure. At the very least, excess heat can reduce the Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 2 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 3. drive’s effective operating life. According to a recent Fujitsu white paper, hard disk manufacturers now suggest cooler operating temperatures for drive enclosures.1 Because many users fail to back up their data on a regular basis, adequate ventilation and cooling in a workstation goes a long way to avoiding problems such as catastrophic data loss due to hard drive failure. Many workers are not fortunate enough to have control over the climate in their offices. Not only do workstations with higher operating temperatures place extra wear on hardware, but they can make an already warm office even more uncomfortable. With system reliability and user comfort in mind, we measured the temperature of several key internal and external spots on the two workstations while they were idle and while they were running a heavy workload. However, given that most workstations run 24 hours a day, we believe the most appropriate measure of thermal performance is the temperature of the air exiting the rear exhaust when the workstation is idle. For each of the locations, we measured the temperature three times and noted the number of degrees Celsius each measurement deviated from the ambient room temperature. Because the ambient temperature varied throughout our testing, the temperature difference between the ambient temperature and the surface temperature we recorded for each system makes the fairest comparison. QUIETER IS BETTER Any user, given a choice, would prefer a quiet system to a noisy one. As Figure 2 shows, the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 was considerably quieter than the Dell Precision T3600 under both load conditions. We calculated the difference in perceived volume with the two workstations using the following formula2 for sound level change: The change in sound level (L) is related to the ratio for loudness (or volume) by using the calculated L as follows: For example, if the level change (L) is 1.9dB, the ratio for loudness is 1.141x, or 14.1 percent louder. 1 http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/COMP/fcpa/hdd/sata-mobile-ext-duty_wp.pdf 2 http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-levelchange.htm Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 3 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 4. Using this approach, we determined that the Dell Precision T3600 was 14.1 percent louder than the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 when the systems were idle and 15.7 percent louder when they were under load. Another way to look at this same data is that the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 was 12.3 percent quieter than the Dell Precision T3600 when both systems were idle and 13.5 percent quieter when they were both under load. Acoustics (lower is better) 30 26.3 26.5 24.4 24.4 25 Lenovo Figure 2: The Lenovo 20 ThinkStation Decibels ThinkStation S30 was S30 quieter than the Dell 15 Precision T3600. Dell Precision 10 T3600 5 0 Idle Under load LESS POWER USED IS BETTER A workstation that uses less power saves you money when the electric bill comes. As Figure 3 shows, the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 used less power than the Dell Precision T3600—23.7 percent less when the systems were idle and 4.5 percent less when they were under load. We used an Extech® Power Analyzer to measure power consumption while the systems were idle and under load. Power usage (lower is better) 120 98.1 100 Lenovo 86.4 Figure 3: The Lenovo ThinkStation 80 S30 ThinkStation S30 used 60.9 Watts up to 23.7 percent less 60 power than the Dell 40.2 Dell Precision Precision T3600. 40 T3600 20 0 Idle Under load Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 4 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 5. IN CONCLUSION A workstation that runs in a quiet and cool manner and uses less power is a great boon to workers and the companies they work for. In our tests, both when idle and when under load, the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 ran more quietly and at lower surface temperatures than the Dell Precision T3600 workstation and used less power. These findings make the Lenovo ThinkStation S30 an excellent choice for those who want to provide a reliable, comfortable work environment while using less power. Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 5 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 6. APPENDIX A: DETAILED SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Figure 4 presents detailed configuration information for the two systems we tested. Lenovo S30 Dell Precision T3600 System ThinkStation Workstation General Number of processor packages 1 1 Number of cores per processor 4 4 Number of hardware threads per 1 1 core Total number of system threads 4 4 System power management ThinkCentre Default Dell policy Processor power-saving option EIST EIST CPU Vendor Intel® Intel Name Xeon® Xeon Model number E5-1603 E5-1603 Stepping M1 M1 Socket type LGA2011 LGA2011 Bus/Core Ratio 2.80 2.80 Core frequency (GHz) 28 28 Intel QuickPath Interconnect 0 GT/s 0 GT/s Speed L1 cache 256 KB (32 KB + 32 KB per core) 256 KB (32 KB + 32 KB per core) L2 cache 1 MB (256 KB per core) 1 MB (256 KB per core) L3 cache 10 MB (shared) 10 MB (shared) Platform Vendor Lenovo Dell Motherboard model number Lenovo 0PTTT9 Motherboard chipset Intel C602 Intel C602 Lenovo A0KT39AUS BIOS name and version Dell A04 (07/05/2012) (08/10/2012) Memory module(s) Micron® MT9JSF25672PZ- Vendor and model number Micron MT8JTF25664AZ-1G6M1 1G6M1FE Type PC3-12800 PC3-12800 Speed (MHz) 1600 1600 Speed running in the system 1600 1600 (MHz) Timing/Latency (tCL-tRCD-tRP- 7-7-7-19 10-10-10-28 tRASmin) Size (MB) 2048 2048 Number of memory module(s) 1 1 Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 6 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 7. Lenovo S30 Dell Precision T3600 System ThinkStation Workstation Total amount of system RAM 2 2 (GB) Chip organization (single- Double-sided Double-sided sided/double-sided) Channel (single/dual/quad) Single Single Hard disk Vendor and model number Seagate® ST500DM002-1BD14 Seagate ST500DM002-1BD14 Number of disks in system 1 1 Size (GB) 500 500 Buffer size (MB) 16 16 RPM 7,200 7,200 Type SATA 6.0Gb/s SATA 6.0Gb/s Intel C600 Series Chipset SATA Intel C600/X79 series Chipset 6- Controller RAID Controller Port SATA AHCI Controller Driver Intel 3.2.0.1126 (06/20/2012) Intel 9.2.3.1013 (03/16/2011) Operating system Microsoft® Windows® 7 Microsoft Windows 7 Name Professional x64 Professional x64 Build number 7601 7601 Service Pack 1 1 File system NTFS NTFS Kernel ACPI x64-based PC ACPI x64-based PC Language English English Microsoft DirectX version 11 11 Graphics Vendor and model number NVIDIA® NVS 300 NVIDIA NVS 300 Type Discrete Discrete Chipset NVS 300 NVS 300 BIOS version 70.18.83.0.8 70.18.83.0.8 Total available graphics memory 1255 1242 (MB) Dedicated video memory (MB) 512 512 System video memory (MB) 0 0 Shared system memory (MB) 743 730 Resolution 1280 x 1024 1280 x 1024 NVIDIA 8.17.12.7642 NVIDIA 8.17.12.7619 Driver (12/10/2011) (10/06/2011) Sound card/subsystem Vendor and model number Realtek™ High Definition Audio Realtek High Definition Audio Driver Realtek 6.0.1.6581 (02/29/2012) Realtek 6.0.1.5890 (09/23/2011) Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 7 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 8. Lenovo S30 Dell Precision T3600 System ThinkStation Workstation Ethernet #1 Vendor and model number Intel 82579LM Gigabit Intel 82579LM Gigabit Driver Intel 11.15.16.0 (01/11/2012) Intel 11.15.12.0 (11/30/2011) Ethernet #2 Vendor and model number NA NA Driver NA NA Optical drive(s) Vendor and model number LG DH40N TSSTcorp SN-208BB Type DVD-ROM DVD-RW USB ports Number 12 10 Type 10 x USB 2.0, 2 x USB 3.0 8 x USB 2.0, 2 x USB 3.0 Other Serial port Serial port IEEE 1394 ports Number 0 0 Monitor Type ViewSonic® VG730m ViewSonic VG730m Screen size (inches) 17 17 Refresh rate (Hz) 60 60 Figure 4: System configuration information. Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 8 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 9. APPENDIX B: DETAILED TEST METHODOLOGY Measuring surface temperature Test requirements  Fluke® 2680A Data Acquisition System  PassMark BurnInTest Professional  Linpack benchmark Measuring system temperature and power while idle Setting up the test 1. Set the power plan to the manufacturer’s default setting. Set the display brightness to 100 percent: a. Click Start. b. In the Start menu’s quick search field, type Power Options c. Move the Screen brightness slider all the way to the right. 2. Set the remaining power plan settings as follows:  Dim the display: Never  Turn off the display: Never  Put the computer to sleep: Never 3. Disable the screen saver. 4. Place the workstation, mouse, keyboard, and display in a windowless, climate-controlled room. 5. Attach a Type T thermocouple to the exterior of the workstation at the following locations:  Front center  Top  Side opposite the motherboard  Side closest to the motherboard  Back in center of power supply exhaust 6. Attach a Type T thermocouple to the following locations inside the case:  On the hard drive  On the CPU heatsink  On the VRM FET  On the chipset heatsink  On one DIMM 7. Close the case. 8. Configure the Fluke 2680A Data Acquisition System to take measurements from the temperature probes and one ambient temperature probe using the Fluke DAQ software. a. Connect the Type T thermocouples to channels in the Fluke Fast Analog Input module (FAI). b. In the Fluke DAQ software, click each surface temperature channel, select Thermocouple from the list of Functions, and choose T from the list of ranges. c. Label each channel with the location associated with each thermocouple. d. In the Fluke DAQ software, click the ambient temperature channel, select Thermocouple from the list of Functions, and choose T from the list of ranges. e. Label this channel Ambient. 9. While running each test, use a Fluke 2680A Data Acquisition System to monitor ambient and temperature at each interior and exterior point. Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 9 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 10. 10. Connect the power cord from the workstation to the Extech Instruments 380803 Power Analyzer’s DC output load power outlet. 11. Plug the power cord from the Power Analyzer’s DC input voltage connection into a power outlet. 12. Connect a separate host computer to the Power Analyzer using an RS-232 cable. This computer will monitor and collect the power measurement data. 13. Turn on the Extech Power Analyzer by pressing the green On/Off button. 14. Turn on the host computer. 15. Insert the Extech software installation CD into the host computer, and install the software. 16. Once installed, launch the Extech Power Analyzer software, and configure the correct COM port. Running the test 1. Boot the system and bring up an elevated command prompt:  Select Windows Start orb.  Type cmd and press Control-Shift-Enter. 2. Type Cmd.exe /c start /wait Rundll32.exe advapi32.dll,ProcessIdleTasks Do not interact with the system until the command completes. 3. After the command completes, wait 15 minutes before running the test. 4. Start the Fluke 2680A data logger using the Fluke DAQ software, and begin recording power with the Extech Power Analyzer. 5. Allow the workstation to sit idle for 1 hour. 6. After 1 hour, stop the Fluke 2680A data logger using the Fluke DAQ software, and the Power Analyzer data logger. 7. Export the thermal measurements to a CSV file. The Power Analyzer creates a CSV file as it collects that data. 8. Use the thermal measurement CSV file to find and report the highest temperature measured at each location during the test. 9. Use the Power Analyzer CSV to calculate the average power draw in watts during the test. 10. Power the workstation off for 1 hour, and allow it to return to room temperature. 11. Repeat steps 1 through 9 two more times. Measuring system temperature and power while under load Setting up the test 1. Download PassMark BurnInTest Professional 7.0 from http://www.passmark.com/products/bit.htm. 2. Double-click bitpro_x64.exe to run setup. 3. At the Welcome screen, click Next. 4. Accept the license agreement, and click Next. 5. At the Choose Install Location screen, accept the default location of C:Program FilesBurnInTest, and click Next. 6. At the Select Start Menu Folder screen, click Next. 7. At the Ready to Install screen, click Install. 8. At the Completing the BurnInTest Setup Wizard screen, deselect View Readme.txt, and click Finish to launch BurnInTest. 9. At the Purchasing information screen, copy and paste the Username and key, and click Continue. 10. At the Key accepted screen, click OK. 11. Select Test selection and duty cycles from the Configuration menu item. 12. Select CPU, 2D Graphics, 3D Graphics, and Disk(s), and deselect all other subsystems. Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 10 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 11. 13. Set load to 100, and click OK. 14. Select Test Preferences from the Configuration menu item and set or verify the following by clicking on each tab:  Disk: select C: drive  Logging: select Turn automatic logging on  2D Graphics: select All available Video Memory  3D Graphics: use defaults  CPU: use defaults 15. Unpack the Linpack benchmark and adjust the number of instances, problem size, and leading dimension size so that the CPU is at 100% utilization, and the memory is as close to 100% utilization as possible. We used a batch file to run the number of instances we determined for each workstation. Running the test 1. Boot the system and launch PassMark BurnInTest by double-clicking the desktop icon. 2. Bring up an elevated command prompt: a. Select Windows Start orb. b. Type cmd and press Control-Shift-Enter. 3. Type Cmd.exe /c start /wait Rundll32.exe advapi32.dll,ProcessIdleTasks Do not interact with the system until the command completes. 4. After the command completes, wait 15 minutes before running the test. 5. Click Start Selected Tests in the BurnInTest V7.0 Pro screen, and double-click the Linpack benchmark batch file. 6. Start the Fluke 2680A data logger using the Fluke DAQ software, and begin recording power with the Extech Power Analyzer. 7. After 1 hour, stop the Fluke 2680A data logger using the Fluke DAQ software, and the Power Analyzer data logger. 8. Export the thermal measurements to a CSV file. The Power Analyzer creates a CSV file as it collects that data. 9. Use the thermal measurement CSV file to find and report the highest temperature measured at each location during the test. 10. Use the Power Analyzer CSV to calculate the average power draw in watts during the test. 11. Power the workstation off for 1 hour, and allow it to return to room temperature. 12. Repeat the steps 1 through 11 two more times. Measuring acoustics Test requirements  Extech SDL600 Sound Level Meter/Datalogger with SD card  PassMark BurnInTest Professional Measuring acoustics of the workstation while idle Setting up the test 1. Place the workstation, mouse, keyboard, and display in a windowless, sound-proofed professional sound booth. Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 11 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 12. 2. Set the Extech SDL600 on a tripod so that it is 3 feet in front of, and 2 feet above the workstation. Running the test 1. Boot the system and bring up an elevated command prompt:  Select Windows Start orb.  Type cmd and press Control-Shift-Enter. 2. Type Cmd.exe /c start /wait Rundll32.exe advapi32.dll,ProcessIdleTasks Do not interact with the system until the command completes. 3. After the command completes, wait 5 minutes before running the test. 4. Start the Extech SDL600 Sound Level Meter/Datalogger and allow the workstation to sit idle for 1 hour. 5. After 1 hour, stop the Extech SDL600. 6. Power the workstation off for 10 minutes. 7. Copy the log file from the Extech SDL600 SD card. 8. Repeat steps 1 through 7 two more times. Measuring acoustics of the workstation while under load Setting up the test Ensure that PassMark BurnInTest Professional 7.0 and the Linpack benchmark are set up on your system. Running the test 1. Boot the system and launch PassMark BurnInTest by double-clicking the desktop icon. 2. Bring up an elevated command prompt:  Select Windows Start orb.  Type cmd and press Control-Shift-Enter. 3. Type Cmd.exe /c start /wait Rundll32.exe advapi32.dll,ProcessIdleTasks Do not interact with the system until the command completes. 4. After the command completes, wait 15 minutes before running the test. 5. Click Start Selected Tests in the BurnInTest V7.0 Pro screen, double-click the Linpack benchmark batch file, and start the Extech SDL600 Sound Level Meter/Datalogger. 6. After 1 hour, stop the Extech SDL600. 7. Power the workstation off for 10 minutes. 8. Copy the log file from the Extech SDL600 SD card. 9. Repeat steps 1 through 8 two more times. Measuring power consumption To record each workstation’s power consumption during each test, we used an Extech Instruments (www.extech.com) 380803 Power Analyzer/Datalogger. We connected the power cord from the server under test to the Power Analyzer’s output load power outlet. We then plugged the power cord from the Power Analyzer’s input voltage connection into a power outlet. Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 12 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 13. We used the Power Analyzer’s Data Acquisition Software (version 2.11) to capture all recordings. We installed the software on a separate Intel processor-based PC, which we connected to the Power Analyzer via an RS-232 cable. We captured power consumption at one-second intervals. We then recorded the power usage (in watts) for each system during the testing at 1-second intervals. To compute the average power usage, we averaged the power usage during the time the system was producing its peak performance results. Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 13 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600
  • 14. ABOUT PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES We provide industry-leading technology assessment and fact-based marketing services. We bring to every assignment extensive experience with and expertise in all aspects of technology testing and analysis, from researching new technologies, to developing new Principled Technologies, Inc. 1007 Slater Road, Suite 300 methodologies, to testing with existing and new tools. Durham, NC, 27703 www.principledtechnologies.com When the assessment is complete, we know how to present the results to a broad range of target audiences. We provide our clients with the materials they need, from market-focused data to use in their own collateral to custom sales aids, such as test reports, performance assessments, and white papers. Every document reflects the results of our trusted independent analysis. We provide customized services that focus on our clients’ individual requirements. Whether the technology involves hardware, software, Web sites, or services, we offer the experience, expertise, and tools to help our clients assess how it will fare against its competition, its performance, its market readiness, and its quality and reliability. Our founders, Mark L. Van Name and Bill Catchings, have worked together in technology assessment for over 20 years. As journalists, they published over a thousand articles on a wide array of technology subjects. They created and led the Ziff-Davis Benchmark Operation, which developed such industry-standard benchmarks as Ziff Davis Media’s Winstone and WebBench. They founded and led eTesting Labs, and after the acquisition of that company by Lionbridge Technologies were the head and CTO of VeriTest. Principled Technologies is a registered trademark of Principled Technologies, Inc. All other product names are the trademarks of their respective owners. Disclaimer of Warranties; Limitation of Liability: PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. HAS MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO ENSURE THE ACCURACY AND VALIDITY OF ITS TESTING, HOWEVER, PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, RELATING TO THE TEST RESULTS AND ANALYSIS, THEIR ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS OR QUALITY, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ALL PERSONS OR ENTITIES RELYING ON THE RESULTS OF ANY TESTING DO SO AT THEIR OWN RISK, AND AGREE THAT PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC., ITS EMPLOYEES AND ITS SUBCONTRACTORS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FROM ANY CLAIM OF LOSS OR DAMAGE ON ACCOUNT OF ANY ALLEGED ERROR OR DEFECT IN ANY TESTING PROCEDURE OR RESULT. IN NO EVENT SHALL PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH ITS TESTING, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.’S LIABILITY, INCLUDING FOR DIRECT DAMAGES, EXCEED THE AMOUNTS PAID IN CONNECTION WITH PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.’S TESTING. CUSTOMER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES ARE AS SET FORTH HEREIN. Workstation heat, sound, and power usage: Lenovo A Principled Technologies report 14 ThinkStation S30 vs. Dell Precision T3600