Intro to Arduino Class taught at CRASHspace by Quin (Qtechknow). Originally taught on August 11, 2012 at Crashspace, in LA. This revision patches the diagrams and fixes the code! Thanks to SparkFun who shared all of their original slides with me!
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Intro to Arduino
1. Intro to Arduino
Class
Intro to Arduino
Held at CRASHspace
Taught by Quin
8/11/12
2. Thank you to SparkFun for
sharing the original
presentation!
3. Schedule
• Getting started with Arduino and electronics
• Project 1 & 2
• Break
• Project 3, 4, & 5
• Explaining More Code
• Q&A + Project Time
4. Arduino Board
“Strong Friend” Created in Ivrea, Italy
in 2005 by Massimo Banzi & David Cuartielles
Open Source Hardware
Atmel Processor
Coding is accessible (C++, Processing)
5. Why do I want an Arduino?
Arduino is a 8-bit prototyping system
that is easy for the modern developer,
designer, hacker, kid, or someone that
has no experience in this type of genre
to use.
But why is important to all of us?
9. Components
Name Image
Type
Function Notes
Digital Input Closes or Polarized,
Button opens circuit needs resistor
Analog Input Variable
Trimpot resistor
LDR Analog Input Variable Also known as
resistor photoresistor
Temp Analog Input Variable
resistor
Sensor
Flex Sensor Analog Input Variable
resistor
Dig. &
16,777,216 Ooh... So
RGB LED Analog
Output
different pretty.
colors
10. Polarity
Polarity is when there are two or more
different sides (or leads) of a
component that have different
qualities that can not be reversed.
Examples: batteries, LEDs, buttons
11. Power (+5V) and Ground
(GND)
Power is the current that goes through
the circuit, and ground is the current
return path (collector)
Always make sure that Power and
Ground never touch directly, or the
circuit will short.
Make sure to not use over 10V, just
5V, and 3.3V, so no shock will occur.
12. What’s a Breadboard?
One of the most useful tools in an engineer or
Maker’s toolkit. The four most important things
to remember:
• Breadboard is very easy to prototype with
• A breadboard is easier than soldering
• A lot of those little holes are connected, which
ones?
• Breadboards can break
14. Analog and Digital
• All Arduino signals are either Analog or
Digital
• All computers including Arduino, only
understand Digital
• It is important to understand the
difference between Analog and Digital
signals since Analog signals require an
Analog to Digital conversion
15. Analog to Digital Conversion
An ADC is a device that samples a
continuous quantity of digital signals,
compares it to discrete time, then
outputs an analog signal.
The ADC (analog) compatible pins on
the Arduino are A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,
and A5
16. I/O, or Input/Output
Input is any signal entering an
electrical system.
Output is any signal exiting an
electrical system.
17. Output
Output is any signal exiting an electrical system
• Almost all systems that use physical computing
will have some form of output
• Outputs include LEDs, a motor, a piezo buzzer,
and an RGB LED
18. Output
Output is always Digital
To Output a Digital signal (On or Off) use this
code:
digitalWrite (pinNumber, value);
Where value is HIGH (on) or LOW (off), both in
caps
To output a signal that pretends to be Analog, use
this code:
analogWrite (pinNumber, value);
Where value is a number 0 - 255
19. Output
To output a signal that pretends to be
analog (anywhere in between on and
off), you will have to use a PWM pin.
All PWM pins on the Arduino are
market with a “~” on the digital side.
20. Output
Output is always Digital
Using a Digital signal that pretends to be an
Analog signal is called Pulse Width Modulation
Use Pulse Width Modulation, or P.W.M., for
anything that requires a signal between HIGH and
LOW (1-254, with 0 being off and 255 being on)
P.W.M. is available on Arduino Leonardo digital
pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 13
21. Installing Drivers for Mac
The first time you plug a Leonardo into a Mac, the
"Keyboard Setup Assistant" will launch. There's
nothing to configure with the Leonardo, so you can
close this dialogue by clicking the red button in the
top left of the window.
22. Installing Drivers for Windows
This method has been tested on Windows XP and 7:
• Plug in your board and wait for Windows to begin
its driver installation process. If the installer does
not launch automatically, Navigate to the
Windows Device Manager (Start>Control
Panel>Hardware) and find the Arduino Leonardo
listing. Right click and choose Update driver.
• If prompted to search for drivers online, choose
"No, not this time". And click Next
24. Installing Drivers for Windows
• When asked to install automatically or from a
specific location, select "Install from a list or
specific location" and press Next
25. Installing Drivers for Windows
• Choose "Search for the best driver in these
locations", and check the box "incude this
location in the search". Click the Browse button
and navigate to your Arduino 1.0.1 or later
installation. Select the drivers folder an click OK
27. Installing Drivers for Windows
Click Next. You will receive a notification that the
Leonardo has not passed Windows Logo testing.
Click on the button Continue Anyway
28. Installing Drivers for Windows
• After a few moments, a window will tell you the
wizard has finished installing software for
Arduino Leonardo. Press the Finish button
(from arduino.cc)
38. Why do I make a comment?
• Comments are great ways to
remind you what you did,
teach other people what that
code means, or to make a
long description for your
whole piece of code for
licenses, date, and author
39. Comments
• Comments are ignored by
the compiler
• Comments can be anywhere
• Comments can start with
a // for a one-line comment
• Another type of comment is
multiple lines and starts with
a /* and ends with a */
41. Output
Output is always Digital, even when it’s P.W.M.
For P.W.M. the Arduino pin turns on, then off very fast
P.W.M. Signal @ 25%
P.W.M. Signal @ 75%
P.W.M. Signal
rising
42. Input
Input is any signal entering an electrical system
•Both digital and analog sensors are forms of input
•Input can also take many other forms: Keyboards,
a mouse, buttons, light sensors, or just plain
voltage from a circuit
43. Analog Input
• To connect an analog Input to your Arduino, use
Analog Pins # 0 - 5
• To get an analog reading:
analogRead (pinNumber);
• Analog Input varies from 0 to 1023 on an
Arduino
48. Digital Sensors/Digital Input
• Digital Input could be a switch or a button
• To connect digital input to your Arduino use
Digital Pins # 0 – 13 (Although pins # 0 & 1 are
also used for serial)
• Digital Input needs a pinMode command (in
setup):
pinMode ( pinNumber, INPUT );
Make sure to use caps for INPUT
• To get a digital reading: digitalRead
( pinNumber );
49. Digital Sensors/Digital Input
• Digital sensors are more straight forward than
Analog
• No matter what the sensor, there are only two
settings: On and Off (for buttons, pressed, or
not)
• Signal is always either HIGH (On) or LOW (Off)
• Voltage signal for HIGH will be a little less than
5V on your Leonardo
• Voltage signal for LOW will be 0V on most
systems
50. Parts for Circuit 3:
Arduino Leonardo
Breadboard
Pushbutton (2)
LED (2)
Resistor - 10K Ohm (2)
Resistor - 330 Ohm (2)
Jumper Wire
69. Common Functions
pinMode(pin, kind); (declares pins)
analogRead(pin); (reads an analog pin)
digitalWrite(pin, state); (tells a pin to
turn on (5V), or turn off (0V)
if() {} (tells something to do a function,
when something else happens
for() {} (tells something to do a function
over and over)
70. Setup
void setup ( ) {
Inputs & Outputs are declared in
setup, this is done by using the
pinMode function
This particular example declares digital pin # 13
as an output, remember to use CAPS
Ask What their name is, and why they took this class, what they dream of making\n
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Hopefully, everyone has. If not, give them the download drive, download to desktop, and then retrieve from them.\n
Original Arduino team is 5.\n
Projects.\n
Explain everything, and have everybody look at theirs. We’re going to use these later.\n
These are soldered Joystick Shields. Shields are used to expand the possibilities of the Arduino.\n
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These are commonly used components.\n
Take a look at the LEDs, talk about cathode and anode.\n
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Look on your Breadboards. On the back, there is some adhesive covering the back, but here’s what’s inside.\n
Key concept.\n
Look at your Arduino. The bottom right of the Arduino should be all analog pins.\n
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Code is a different language than english.\n
Have them look at their Arduino and identify the PWM pins.\n
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They have handouts on this.\n
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Now open up Arduino 1.0.1. Sketches are programs filled with code.\n
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Click on Find Arduino...\nNow, plug the USB cable into the Arduino, then into your computer.\nThe correct Serial/COM port should appear. \nRemember this port name.\nPress OK, and you should be done.\n\nFor Macs, this should be something like /dev/tty.usbserialft/\nFor Windows, this should be something above COM 3. COM 1 and 2 are usually reserved for Windows hardware ports.\n
This sketch will blink the built in LED.\n
File examples basic blink\nOpen arduino\nEncourage delay change\nChange blink to analog write.\n
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If you look back at the Blink sketch that we just made, you will see some comments up at the top.\n
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To get the code, go into the folder that you just downloaded, open the ArduSensorPotRead folder, and double click on the file named ArduSensorPotRead.ino.\n
Once opening the Serial Monitor (pressing the magnifying glass in the upper right hand corner), you will see that there will be a constant value between 1 and 1000. Now tell them about how to turn it. Once code has been explained, have them change the 1000 to 100 or 10 or 5 or something.\n
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To get this code, go into the previous folder that we downloaded, open up the DigitalinputEx folder, and double click on DigitalinputEx.ino. Write connections on whiteboard.\n
When you press one of the buttons, it will light one of the LEDs. When you press the other button, it will light the other LED.\n
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Take a look at the last example. This uses semicolons\n
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True=On\nFalse=Off\n
anywhere in between those numbers for integers\n
A string is a bunch of characters put together, or as we know it, words.\n
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Just plug in your ArduSensor Pot like you did before. This is the same circuit as #2, but a different sketch has been written for a different project.\n
This will make the built in LED blink at a certain rate depending on how much you turn the potentiometer.\n
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This sets pin 13 as an output. \n
This basically says that if the button is pressed, turn the LED on.\n
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Else means that if the if doesn’t run (basically the if isn’t true), the next function will work. This means that at least one piece of the code will run all of the time.\n
If this is zero, and this is ten, this piece of code will run 10 times before moving on to the rest of the code.\n
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This project makes the QBar Graph light up proportionally to the value of the potentiometer, making a simple meter.\n