1. Urban Mass Transport Systems
12CTE 331
Reashma P S

2. 21st Century Transportation!!!
what do you think about 21st
century transport system??
Mass transit or Private transit??
Rise of transit or fall of
transit??
How many of you like public
transport, why???

3. The early 1800’s
• What was going on in cities?
• What created the pressure for transportation
innovations?

4. Transit Innovations
• Walking – pre-1825
• Omnibus – 1820s
• Steam trains – 1830s
• Horse-car – 1830s
• Electric streetcar – 1890s
• Mass transit – 1900s in some places
• Motorbus – 1920s
• Rapid transit – 1950s

5. Omnibus
Source: http://bus38.free.fr/hist1854eng.html
Paris 1828
New York 1831
Boston 1835

6. Steam Trains
1830s - Linking cities to upper class suburbs

7. Horse Cars: 1830’s

8. Concerns in the late 1800’s
• Speeds still only 5-6 mph
• Need for grade separation-
up or down
• Need for mechanical
traction
 Problems with horse-
drawn modes…
 Problems with steam
power…

9. Cable Car
1873 – San Francisco

10. Electric Streetcar
1888 - Richmond, VA
1895 - 900 systems and 11,000 miles of track in the U.S.

11. Streetcar System Impacts
 Affordable for working class, who could now live away
from factories
5 cent fare to anywhere
3-5 times as fast as horse-cars
 Led to more outward expansion, e.g. Boston:
1850: 2-3 mile radius, mixed land uses
1900: 10 mile radius, industrial & commercial core
surrounded by residential
 Growth in mobility, e.g. avg. trip length:
1890: 7 miles
1900: 10.5 miles

12. Urban Situation 1900 to 1920
• Massive urban growth
• Fringe growing faster
than center
• Increasing criticisms of
streetcars
•
•

13. Situation in 1930s
• Depression meant slowdown in urban growth, lay offs of
urban workers
• Public criticisms of large investments in subways
• Merchants in outlying areas opposed investments
• Planners opposed elevateds and subways
:-Thought it would make congestion worse
:-Thought it would increase centralization
• Public subsidies for highways, education, housing, other
programs, but not for transit
• Increase in busses – “trackless trolleys”

14. Situation in 1950s
The Rise of the Automobile!!!
• Recreational car era (1920-1945)
• Freeway era (1945 – now)

15. Urban Transportation Systems

16. The Fall of Transit
“Few industries have risen so rapidly or declined
so quickly, and no industry of its size has had a
worse financial record”
– J. Vance
When a country can be called as developed or
rich country???

17. Urban Transport in India -
Overview

18. India is Growing !!!
Automobile Boom

19. Composition of Vehicles

20. Urbanization in India

21. Urban Transport Scenario
Energy demand in transport sector projected to grow at 5-8% per annum

22. Modal split in cities

23. What exactly is the problem???
•Motorized trips demand will continue to grow faster
than the population due to economic and motorization
growth
• motorization is growing faster than the population
(more than 10%/year for sale of cars and 2/3
wheelers over the past 5 years)
• Traffic congestion and parking difficulties- Accessing
jobs, education, recreation and similar activities is
becoming increasingly time consuming. Billions of
man hours are lost with people “stuck in traffic”.

26. What do you think???
Why people personalize transport??
-Lack of first mile to last mile connectivity
-Lack of information to people (give reliability of time)
-Time is precious, no one wants to wait
- stop going for horizontal development (affects people
lifestyle), go for vertical development
- Road exists what about road components!!!
- Design the road for moving traffic not for standing
traffic

27. Lack of route choice model
Existing
traffic in hot
spot (v/c
ratio >4)
Cant we
make use of
AITS???
Snapshot from B-TRAC

28. Existing public transport system
through buses
All India Scenario as per 2004-05 Statistics (including
urban, rural and hilly region)
Passenger carried: 2022.13 crores (2004-05)
Buses-Share of buses declined to 1.1% (2004) of
all registered vehicle in India from 11.1% in
1951
Total-767600
Public Sector-115800 (15%)
Private Sector-651800 (85%)

29. Where is investment need to be done??

30. Why focus on urban Transport

32. How does the course help you!!
Objective 1
Transit modes: systems, technology and services
Objective 2
Financing aspect of transit
Objective 3
Capacity of transit system, basic transit operations and
terminal facilities. Planning, routing and scheduling
Objective 4
different management techniques for better performance of
transit. Approach to NMT

33. Thank You