SECTION III: AN ENERGETIC APPROACH TO WASTE MANAGEMENT "Current Implementation of formula R1 in incineration plants" by Mr. Arthur Gignoux, SVDU (Syndicat national du traitment et de la Valorisation des Déchets Urbains et assimilés), France

1. Current Implementation of formula R1
in incineration plants :
Regulation in France for measuring
energy efficiency
Arthur GIGNOUX
Recuwatt Conference - Mataró - 24th March 2011
CONTENTS
I) BRIEF PRESENTATION OF SVDU
II) EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE
Disposal / Recovery / R1 formula
III) FRENCH REGULATION
General Tax on Polluting Activities (TGAP)
Ministerial decree 3rd August 2010
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2. I) SVDU
‘Syndicat national du traitement et de la Valorisation des
Déchets Urbains et assimilés’
= French professional syndicate of treatment and recovery
of municipal solid waste
Members = operators of Waste-to-Energy plants in
France
www.incineration.org
II) EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC
Waste hierarchy :
(a) prevention;
(b) preparing for re-use;
(c) recycling;
(d) other recovery, e.g. energy recovery; and
(e) disposal.
Annexe I : Disposal operations
D10 : Incineration on land
Annexe II : Recovery operations
R1 : Use principally as a fuel or other means to generate
energy (*)
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3. EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC
R1 includes incineration facilities with energy efficiency equal
to or above:
0,60 for installations permitted before 1 January 2009,
0,65 for installations permitted after 31 December 2008,
Ep − ( Ef + Ei)
Energy efficiency =
0,97 × ( Ew + Ef )
Ep : annual energy produced as heat or electricity. Calculated with :
electricity multiplied by 2,6
heat multiplied by 1,1
Ef : annual energy from fuels contributing to the production of steam
Ew : annual energy contained in the treated waste
Ei : annual energy imported excluding Ew and Ef
0,97 : factor accounting for energy losses
EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC
A guidance is being prepared for the implementation the
R1 formula for municipal waste incinerators, to define :
System boundaries
Energy flows
Qualification procedure and monitoring of compliance
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4. III) FRENCH REGULATION
General Tax on Polluting Activities (TGAP) was created by the
French government in 2009, concerning, among others,
landfill and waste incineration.
For waste incineration, this tax is modulated according to 3
criteria :
EMAS / ISO 14000
NOx emission < 80mg/Nm3
High energy efficiency :
Formula result ≥ 0,60 for existing plants
Formula result ≥ 0,65 for new plants
With following formula :
General Tax on Polluting Activities
Pe =
(2,6 × Ee. p + 1,1× Eth. p ) − (2,6 × Ee.a + 1,1 × Eth.a + Ec.a )
2,3 × T
Pe : energy efficiency
Ee.p : annual electricity produced
Eth.p : annual heat produced for commercial use and self-consumption as listed
by regulation
Ee.a : annual electricity imported
Eth.a : annual heat imported
Ec.a : annual energy from fuels other than waste
2,3 : takes into account a ‘standard’ heat value for municipal solid wastes in
France (2044 kcal/kg)
T : annual quantity of waste treated
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5. General Tax on Polluting Activities
Heat self-consumption as listed by
regulation :
Pre-heat of combustion air
Heating of steam-water cycle
Heating of feedwater
Flue gas reheat
Heating buildings, offices, industrial equipments
Steam for steam-pump or steam-compressor
Evaporating effluents
Anti-freezing air-cooled condenser
French ministerial decree 3rd August 2010
Treatment in Waste-to-Energy plant is classified as recovery only if :
Energy efficiency :
≥ 0,60 for existing plants
≥ 0,65 for new plants
Calculation of the energy efficiency each year
Each parameter is to be measured with instrument controlled yearly
Else classified as disposal
Energy efficiency formula is :
and is ‘adapted’ considering :
Ep − ( Ef + Ei )
Pe =
0,97 × ( Ew + Ef ) Ep − ( Ef + Ei) (2,6 × Ee. p + 1,1 × Eth. p ) − (2,6 × Ee.a + 1,1× Eth.a + Ec.a )
=
0,97 × ( Ew + Ef ) 2,3 × T
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6. Application in French Waste-to-Energy plants
Comparison of R1 formula and ‘TGAP’ formula :
Results are very closed to each other : often less than 0,01 difference
Plants without sufficient electricity or heat production to reach 0,60 :
Nothing to add, no calculation to do => classified as ‘Disposal’
Plants that can reach 0,60 :
Now adding new instrumentation to measure all energies used in the formula
(especially on heat self-consumption)
New projects will all be ≥ 0,65
CONCLUSION
French regulation already asks to calculate energy efficiency,
only if the plant is able to reach 0,60 (0,65 for new plants)
Formula used as far as now is a bit different from R1 formula,
but results are very similar
This regulation can easily evolve toward R1 formula, and is able
to meet the R1 requirements depending on the R1 application
guideline than could be published
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