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APPLIED CHEMISTRY:
CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES
SHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH
19, UNIVERSITY ROAD, DELHI-110 007
Email : sridlhi@vsnl.com Website : www.shriraminstitute.org
Presented by :
Dr. R.K. KHANDAL
1. Chemistry for Life Support Systems
2. Driving Force for Applied Chemistry
3. Applied Chemistry; Value Addition
4. Chemistry: Past, Present and Future
5. Applications of Chemistry in Various Areas
6. Role of Chemistry in Sustainable Development
Outline of the Presentation
Life Support Systems
Survival
Chemistry for Life Support Systems
Materials Energy
 Water
 Air
 Food
Consist of materials made up of Inorganic,
Organic and Bio-chemicals; all chemicals
 Housing
 Infrastructure
 Transport
 Bio-Fuel
 Petroleum & Coal
 Nuclear
Life Support Systems
Driving Force for Applied Chemistry
 Industrial Challenges
 Material Challenges
 Value Addition
 Sustainability
 All challenges lead to opportunities for
applied chemistry in various industrial
sectors; results in value addition and each
time the research is applied
Use of Sugar
(Carbohydrate)
Smell of Garlic
(Diallyl disulphide)
Use of Salt
(Sodium chloride)
Red hot chillies
(Capsaicin)
Applied Chemistry; Value Addition
Preservatives Pickles
Pickles and
Medicines
Preservatives
Food Chemistry
Ethylene
Vinyl acetate
Adhesives, paints &
coating, copolymers
Disinfectants, sterilizing agent, fumigants
MEG-heat transfer fluid, PET
DEG-softener, plastisizer, solvents
PEG- cosmetics, ointments, pharma, lubricants
Ethylene oxide
Engineering plastic
Acetals
Antifreeze agent,
automobile
polyester resins
Ethylene glycol
LDPE
HDPE
LLDPE
Packaging,
molded items
pipes & tubes
Ethyl benzene
Styrenic
plastic, paint
Value Addition Through Chemistry
Phenol
Esters
Adipic acid
Resin-PF
Insulating foam
Foundry
Adhesive
Coating
Moulded items
Alkyl phenols
Cresol : Lamination
Nonyl phenols : Adhesives, emulsifiers
p-tert. Butyl phenol : Adhesives
Aniline
Rubber chemicals
Agro Chemicals
Pharmaceuticals
Dye intermediates
Value Addition Through Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
FieldsofChemistry
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Polymer Chemistry
Textile Chemistry
Mineral Chemistry
Photo Chemistry
Material Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry
Biochemistry
Food/Agro Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Nano Chemistry
Combinatorial Chemistry
Green Chemistry
Polymer Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Radiation Chemistry
Chemistry : Past, Present & Future
 The focus has shifted from basic chemistry to the applied chemistry
Polymers
Applications of Polymer Chemistry
Packaging
Textile
Building Materials
Medicinal
Electronics
 Lightweight
 Durable
 Cost effective
 Variety available
Food wrapping/storage
in skin, leaves and salts
Storage in
Glass jars
Storage in
Metal container
Storage in
Plastic pouches
Retortable
Vacuum
Permeable
Aseptic
Early times…..
19th
-20th
century……
20th
century……
21th
century……
Chemistry in Packaging Industry
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Applications of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Drug designing
Growth rate of Pharma industry:
World : 8.0 % per year
India : 9.0 % per year
(Medical News Today, May 2005)
 Herbal medicines to become more popular !
 Scientific studies would help to provide better
alternatives for health care
Drug safety
Drug efficacy
Drug synthesis
Agrochemicals
Applications of Agrochemicals
Herbicide,
Insecticides,
Nematocides
Preservatives
Manure
Fertilizers
Plant growth
regulators
 India 2nd largest manufacturer of crop protection chemicals
Industry is worth of Rs. 3600 crore
Global market $ 2700 million
•Minimum residue
•Maximum degradation
•High effectivity
•Effective only at the target
Performance Chemicals
Applications of Performance Chemicals
Soaps, Surfactants
& Detergents
Polymer additives
Personal care
products
Food additives
Flavors &
Fragrances
• Multifunctional
• Synergistic
• Hyperactive
• Selective
• Environment friendly
 MINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMERMINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMER
Relevance of Trends Towards Performance Chemicals
 Production with minimum area & minimum chemicals
Reasons for shifted focusArea
Agrochemicals
 Long term effects & minimum side effects
 Mileage with minimum wear & tear & minimum pollution
 Durability & versatility with minimum burden on environment
 Comfort with minimum maintenance
Pharmaceuticals
Automobiles & oils
Plastics
Textiles
Mining
Paints & Coatings
 Safety with minimum health hazards
 Protection & aesthetics with minimum pollution
Soaps & Detergents  Multifunctionality with minimum environmental burden
Leather  Appearance & performance with minimum processing time
Cosmetics  Aesthetics & skin friendly with no allergy
Green Chemistry
Applications of Green Chemistry
Waste minimization
Separation Processes
Energy Efficiency
Catalysis
Process Intensification
• Also called sustainable
chemistry
• Encourages the design of
products & processes that
reduce the use &
generation of hazardous
substances
Safer reaction & reagents
Solvent replacement
Use of renewable feedstock
Minimize potential for accidents
Avoid chemical derivatives
Analyze in real time to prevent
pollution
Applications of Nano Chemistry
N
A
N
O
P
A
R
T
I
C
L
E
S
Defence
Bio Medical
Automative
Industry
Space
Aerospace
• Emerging field
•Wide applications
 Accelerometers
 Pressure sensors
 Drug infusion
pumps
 Microneedles
 Glucometer
 Air bags
 Tyre pressure
sensors
 Fuel injection
systems
 Pressure sensors
 Optical gyros
 Propulsion
systems
 Health
monitoring
accelerometers
 Pressure sensors
 Most important requirement of industry
 Improve our food chain system
• Basic for clinical laboratory tests
• Help physicians diagnose disease
• Quality of environment
• Remedial measures for contaminants
 Quality assurance of raw materials
 Quality assurance of products
 Compositions for product development
 Impurities and toxic contaminants
 Nutrients and label claims
 Meet the statutory requirements
 Evolve healthy & eco-friendly society
 Benchmarking of products and R & D
 Improving quality of life
Industry
Environment
Food
Air
Water
Soil
Functional Foods
Pharmaceuticals
Materials
Paints
Polymer/ Textiles
Metal/ Minerals
Cement
Fuels
Analytical Chemistry: Dimensions of Applications
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Energy
Environment
Food
New
Materials
 360° approach of development through
Chemistry
Chemistry for Sustainable Development
New Materials
Renewable starting
materials
Water based reaction
media
 Present day chemistry challenges involves the
development of alternatives with assured sustainability
Chemistry in Support of sustainability
Natural Catalyst Spontaneous reaction
 Environmentally benign feedstocks/synthesis
 Pharmaceuticals
 Greener solvents
 Bio-based synthesis ad processing
Conversion
of biomass
to chemicals
Challenge for Chemists
 Everything in the cycle moves through chemicals
pertains to chemistry through bioprocesses
 Sustainability is cyclic and irreversible and hence,
thermodynamically feasible, possible and stable
Cradle
CHEMISTRY
Environment
& Ecology
Biodiversity
Grave
Sustainability: Life Cycle & Chemistry
THANK YOU

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Stephens coll 30_01_10

  • 1. APPLIED CHEMISTRY: CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES SHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 19, UNIVERSITY ROAD, DELHI-110 007 Email : sridlhi@vsnl.com Website : www.shriraminstitute.org Presented by : Dr. R.K. KHANDAL
  • 2. 1. Chemistry for Life Support Systems 2. Driving Force for Applied Chemistry 3. Applied Chemistry; Value Addition 4. Chemistry: Past, Present and Future 5. Applications of Chemistry in Various Areas 6. Role of Chemistry in Sustainable Development Outline of the Presentation
  • 3. Life Support Systems Survival Chemistry for Life Support Systems Materials Energy  Water  Air  Food Consist of materials made up of Inorganic, Organic and Bio-chemicals; all chemicals  Housing  Infrastructure  Transport  Bio-Fuel  Petroleum & Coal  Nuclear Life Support Systems
  • 4. Driving Force for Applied Chemistry  Industrial Challenges  Material Challenges  Value Addition  Sustainability  All challenges lead to opportunities for applied chemistry in various industrial sectors; results in value addition and each time the research is applied
  • 5. Use of Sugar (Carbohydrate) Smell of Garlic (Diallyl disulphide) Use of Salt (Sodium chloride) Red hot chillies (Capsaicin) Applied Chemistry; Value Addition Preservatives Pickles Pickles and Medicines Preservatives Food Chemistry
  • 6. Ethylene Vinyl acetate Adhesives, paints & coating, copolymers Disinfectants, sterilizing agent, fumigants MEG-heat transfer fluid, PET DEG-softener, plastisizer, solvents PEG- cosmetics, ointments, pharma, lubricants Ethylene oxide Engineering plastic Acetals Antifreeze agent, automobile polyester resins Ethylene glycol LDPE HDPE LLDPE Packaging, molded items pipes & tubes Ethyl benzene Styrenic plastic, paint Value Addition Through Chemistry
  • 7. Phenol Esters Adipic acid Resin-PF Insulating foam Foundry Adhesive Coating Moulded items Alkyl phenols Cresol : Lamination Nonyl phenols : Adhesives, emulsifiers p-tert. Butyl phenol : Adhesives Aniline Rubber chemicals Agro Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Dye intermediates Value Addition Through Chemistry
  • 8. Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Physical Chemistry FieldsofChemistry PAST PRESENT FUTURE Polymer Chemistry Textile Chemistry Mineral Chemistry Photo Chemistry Material Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Medicinal Chemistry Biochemistry Food/Agro Chemistry Environmental Chemistry Nano Chemistry Combinatorial Chemistry Green Chemistry Polymer Chemistry Environmental Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Radiation Chemistry Chemistry : Past, Present & Future  The focus has shifted from basic chemistry to the applied chemistry
  • 9. Polymers Applications of Polymer Chemistry Packaging Textile Building Materials Medicinal Electronics  Lightweight  Durable  Cost effective  Variety available
  • 10. Food wrapping/storage in skin, leaves and salts Storage in Glass jars Storage in Metal container Storage in Plastic pouches Retortable Vacuum Permeable Aseptic Early times….. 19th -20th century…… 20th century…… 21th century…… Chemistry in Packaging Industry
  • 11. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Applications of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Drug designing Growth rate of Pharma industry: World : 8.0 % per year India : 9.0 % per year (Medical News Today, May 2005)  Herbal medicines to become more popular !  Scientific studies would help to provide better alternatives for health care Drug safety Drug efficacy Drug synthesis
  • 12. Agrochemicals Applications of Agrochemicals Herbicide, Insecticides, Nematocides Preservatives Manure Fertilizers Plant growth regulators  India 2nd largest manufacturer of crop protection chemicals Industry is worth of Rs. 3600 crore Global market $ 2700 million •Minimum residue •Maximum degradation •High effectivity •Effective only at the target
  • 13. Performance Chemicals Applications of Performance Chemicals Soaps, Surfactants & Detergents Polymer additives Personal care products Food additives Flavors & Fragrances • Multifunctional • Synergistic • Hyperactive • Selective • Environment friendly  MINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMERMINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMER
  • 14. Relevance of Trends Towards Performance Chemicals  Production with minimum area & minimum chemicals Reasons for shifted focusArea Agrochemicals  Long term effects & minimum side effects  Mileage with minimum wear & tear & minimum pollution  Durability & versatility with minimum burden on environment  Comfort with minimum maintenance Pharmaceuticals Automobiles & oils Plastics Textiles Mining Paints & Coatings  Safety with minimum health hazards  Protection & aesthetics with minimum pollution Soaps & Detergents  Multifunctionality with minimum environmental burden Leather  Appearance & performance with minimum processing time Cosmetics  Aesthetics & skin friendly with no allergy
  • 15. Green Chemistry Applications of Green Chemistry Waste minimization Separation Processes Energy Efficiency Catalysis Process Intensification • Also called sustainable chemistry • Encourages the design of products & processes that reduce the use & generation of hazardous substances Safer reaction & reagents Solvent replacement Use of renewable feedstock Minimize potential for accidents Avoid chemical derivatives Analyze in real time to prevent pollution
  • 16. Applications of Nano Chemistry N A N O P A R T I C L E S Defence Bio Medical Automative Industry Space Aerospace • Emerging field •Wide applications  Accelerometers  Pressure sensors  Drug infusion pumps  Microneedles  Glucometer  Air bags  Tyre pressure sensors  Fuel injection systems  Pressure sensors  Optical gyros  Propulsion systems  Health monitoring accelerometers  Pressure sensors
  • 17.  Most important requirement of industry  Improve our food chain system • Basic for clinical laboratory tests • Help physicians diagnose disease • Quality of environment • Remedial measures for contaminants  Quality assurance of raw materials  Quality assurance of products  Compositions for product development  Impurities and toxic contaminants  Nutrients and label claims  Meet the statutory requirements  Evolve healthy & eco-friendly society  Benchmarking of products and R & D  Improving quality of life Industry Environment Food Air Water Soil Functional Foods Pharmaceuticals Materials Paints Polymer/ Textiles Metal/ Minerals Cement Fuels Analytical Chemistry: Dimensions of Applications
  • 18. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Energy Environment Food New Materials  360° approach of development through Chemistry Chemistry for Sustainable Development
  • 19. New Materials Renewable starting materials Water based reaction media  Present day chemistry challenges involves the development of alternatives with assured sustainability Chemistry in Support of sustainability Natural Catalyst Spontaneous reaction
  • 20.  Environmentally benign feedstocks/synthesis  Pharmaceuticals  Greener solvents  Bio-based synthesis ad processing Conversion of biomass to chemicals Challenge for Chemists
  • 21.  Everything in the cycle moves through chemicals pertains to chemistry through bioprocesses  Sustainability is cyclic and irreversible and hence, thermodynamically feasible, possible and stable Cradle CHEMISTRY Environment & Ecology Biodiversity Grave Sustainability: Life Cycle & Chemistry