2.
Presented by:
Rashida Jones
Ed.D. Candidate, Special Education
M.Ed., School Counseling
M.Ed., Educational Leadership and
Administration
Academic Manager
Princess Noura University
Motivational Speaker/Teacher Trainer
Disproportionality of Minorities
in Special Education
4.
Cause of Disproportionality
Defining Disproportionality
Types of Disproportionality
For or Against Causes of Disproportionality
Recognizing Disproportionality
Evidence Based Practice for Disproportionality
Overview
5.
Causes of
Disproportionality
Cross’ and Donovan’s (2002)
Theory:
o Linked to Poverty
o Minority Students
Highly Regarded as Poor
o Poor Magnifies
Vulnerability to
Academic Risk and
Unhealthy Human
Development
Skiba’s, Poloni-Staudinger’s,
Simmons’, Feggins – Azziz’s,
and Choong – Geun’s (2005)
Theory:
o Disproportionality of Minority
Students are Complex
o Poverty Not Central
Component of
Disproportionality
o Systemic Variables,
Availability of District
Resources, Individual Belief
Factors, School’s Disciplinary
Philosophy, School’s Referral
Process
6.
Happens by:
-Overrepresentation of students placed in special
education programs due to inappropriate referral
(O’Connor and Sonia, 2006).
- Underrepresentation of students receiving resources,
intervention services, rigorous curriculum and
instruction, and access to programs (Skiba, Simmons,
Ritter, Kohler, Henderson, and Wu, 2006)
Defining
Disproportionality
7. Types of
Disproportionality
Overrepresentation (O’Connor and
Sonia, 2006)
Classification
Placement
Suspension
Underrepresented (Skiba,
Simmons, Ritter, Kohler,
Henderson, and Wu, 2006)
Intervention services
Resources
Access to Programs
Rigorous Curriculum and
Instruction
12.
Recognizing
Disproportionality
African-American
students who are
perceived as having
challenging and
unmanageable
behaviors referred
more for special
education services due
to emotional
disturbances (ED).
American
Indiana/Alaska Native
students being labeled
as having disabilities
twice the rate of regular
education students.
(U.S. Department of
Education, 2006)
13.
Recognizing
Disproportionality (Cont.)
Asian and Pacific
Islander children less
likely to be identified
for special education
services, but
overrepresented in
gifted and talented
programs.
English-language
learners (ELL) more
likely to receive special
education programs in
schools with small ELL
population than in
schools with large
populations.
(U.S. Department of
Education, 2006)
14.
Systems of Support Teams
Culturally Responsive Teaching/Assessment
Professional Developments
Response to Intervention
Family and Community Involvement
Positive Behavior Support Teams
Evidence-Based Practices to
Combat Disproportionality
16.
Cause of Disproportionality
Defining Disproportionality
Types of Disproportionality
For or Against Causes of Disproportionality
Recognizing Disproportionality
Evidence Based Practice for Disproportionality
Summary
18.
Cross, C. T., & Donovan, M. S. (Eds.). (2002). Minority students in special
and gifted education. National Academies Press.
O'Connor, C., & Sonia, D. F. (2006). Race, class, and disproportionality:
Reevaluating the relationship between poverty and special education
placement. Educational Researcher, 35(6), 6-11. Retrieved from
http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docvie
w/216903116?accountid=14872
Skiba, R. J., Poloni-Staudinger, L., Simmons, A. B., Feggins-Azziz, L. R., &
Choong-Geun, C. (2005). Unproven Links: Can Poverty Explain Ethnic
Disproportionality in Special Education?. Journal Of Special Education, 39(3),
130-144.
Skiba, R., Simmons, A., Ritter, S., Kohler, K., Henderson, M., & Wu, T.
(2006). The context of minority disproportionality: Practitioner perspectives on
special education referral. The Teachers College Record, 108(7), 1424-1459.
References
19.
U.S. Department of Education (2002). Fall 1998 Elementary
and Secondary School Civil Rights Compliance
Report. Retrieved from
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/data.html
U.S. Department of Education. (2006). 28th Annual report to
congress on the implementation of the individuals with
disabilities education act. Retrieved from
https://www2.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/ose
/2006/parts-b-c/28th-vol-1.pdf
Zappa, F. (n.d.). Personal Quote. Retrieved from
https://www.pinterest.com/cenmichigan/special
education-wisdom/
References