The document provides information about web browsers, including their meaning, history, usage share, how they work, components, user interface, mobile browsers, plug-ins and extensions, and privacy and security concerns. It discusses how browsers function to request and display web pages from servers, and lists some of their key features like bookmarking, refreshing, and opening multiple pages. The components of browsers are described as including the user interface, rendering engine, networking, and data storage. Examples of popular browsers like Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Safari are given along with some of their unique aspects.

1. Slide 1:<br />WEB BROWSERS By: Ayush Jain CSE/08/116<br />Slide 2:<br />Meaning History Usage share of different browsers Working Features Components User interface Mobile browsers Plug-ins & extensions Privacy and Security Contents<br />Slide 3:<br />One of the important tools on www. A Web browser acts as an interface between the user and Web server. Software application that resides on a computer and is used to locate and display Web pages. Web user access information from web servers, through a client program called browser. A web browser (or web clients)is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users to easily navigate their browsers to related resources. What is a browser ?<br />Slide 4:<br />Although browsers are primarily intended to access the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by Web servers in private networks or files in file systems. Currently there are two popular GUI based Web browsers, the Netscape Communicator and the Microsoft Internet Explorer. Some browsers can be also used to save information resources to file systems. Web browsers are fully customizable. You have option of changing the size of the text and style of the font that is displayed. The browser carries out the following tasks on behalf of the user: Contacts a Web server Sends a request for information Receives the information and Display’s the information on the local system<br />lt;br />Slide 5:<br />The history of the Web browser dates back in to the late 1980s, when a variety of technologies laid the foundation for the first Web browser, WorldWideWeb, by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991. Microsoft responded with its browser Internet Explorer in 1995 (also heavily influenced by Mosaic), initiating the industry's first browser war. Opera first appeared in 1996; although it have only 2% browser usage share as of April 2010, it has a substantial share of the fast-growing mobile phone Web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones. In 1998, Netscape launched Mozilla . Its an competitive browser using the open source software model. History<br />Usage share of web browsers :<br />Usage share of web browsers<br />Slide 7:<br />The browser main functionality is to present the web resource you choose, by requesting it from the server and displaying it on the browser window. The resource format is usually HTML but also PDF, image and more. The location of the resource is specified by the user using a URI (Uniform resource Identifier). The prefix of the URI determines how the URI will be interpreted. The most commonly used kind of URI starts with http: and identifies a resource to be retrieved over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Many browsers also support a variety of other prefixes, such as https: for HTTPS, ftp: for the File Transfer Protocol, and file:for local files. How browsers work ?<br />Slide 8:<br />Aside from HTML, web browsers can generally display any kind of content that can be part of a web page. Most browsers can display images, audio, video, and XML files, and often have plug-ins to support Flash applications and Java applets. Upon encountering a file of an unsupported type or a file that is set up to be downloaded rather than displayed, the browser prompts the user to save the file to disk. Interactivity in a web page can also be supplied by Javascript, which usually does not require a plug-in. Javascript can be used along with other technologies to allow quot;
livequot;
interaction with the web page's server via AJAX. Information resources may contain hyperlinks to other information resources. Each link contains the URI of a resource to go to. When a link is clicked, the browser navigates to the resource indicated by the link's target URI, and the process of bringing content to the user begins again.<br />Slide 9:<br />Presentation Tier Web Server RDBMS Application Code Map Server Files World Wide Web HTTP HTTPS Web Browser Web Browser Web Browser Web Browser Data Tier Business Logic Tier Web Architecture<br />Features :<br />Features Bookmarking options A refresh and stop buttons for refreshing and stopping the loading of current documents Home button that gets you to your home page All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window. Major browsers also include pop-up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from quot;
popping upquot;
without the user's consent Furthermore, most browsers can be extended via plug-ins, downloadable components that provide additional features.<br />Components of a Web Browser :<br />Components of a Web Browser The user interface - this includes the address bar, back/forward button , bookmarking menu etc. Every part of the browser display except the main window where you see the requested page. The browser engine - the interface for querying and manipulating the rendering engine. The rendering engine - responsible for displaying the requested content. For example if the requested content is HTML, it is responsible for parsing the HTML and CSS and displaying the parsed content on the screen. Networking - used for network calls, like HTTP requests. It has platform independent interface and underneath implementations for each platform. UI backend - used for drawing basic widgets like combo boxes and windows. It exposes a generic interface that is not platform specific. JavaScript interpreter - Used to parse and execute the JavaScript code. Data storage - This is a persistence layer. The browser needs to save all sorts of data on the hard disk, for examples, cookies.<br />Slide 13:<br />Browser main components<br />User Interface :<br />User Interface Most major web browsers have these user interface elements in common: Back and forward buttons to go back to the previous resource and forward again. A refresh or reload button to reload the current resource. A stop button to cancel loading the resource. A home button to return to the user's home page An address bar to input the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) of the desired resource and display it. A search bar to input terms into a search engine A status bar to display progress in loading the resource and also the URI of links when the cursor hovers over them, and page zooming capability.<br />Rendering Engine :<br />Rendering Engine The responsibility of the rendering engine is well... Rendering, that is display of the requested contents on the browser screen. By default the rendering engine can display HTML and XML documents and images. It can display other types through a plug-in (a browser extension). An example is displaying PDF using a PDF viewer plug-in. The rendering engine will start getting the contents of the requested document from the networking layer. Rendering engine basic flow<br />Slide 16:<br />Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer; abbreviated to MSIE or, more commonly, IE), is a series of graphical web browsers developed. Internet Explorer<br />Slide 17:<br />The Firefox Web Browser is the faster, more secure, and fully customizable way to surf the web. Mozilla is a global community dedicated to building free, open source products like the award winning Firefox web browser and Thunderbird email software. Mozilla Firefox<br />Netscape :<br />Netscape Official site...includes downloads and technical information. Download nearly any version of Netscape Navigators for Windows, Mac, Linux, and OS/2 available on the Internet from one simple and comprehensive archive.<br />Slide 19:<br />Opera gives you the full Web experience everywhere… Opera is extensible in a third way via plug-ins, relatively small programs that add specific functions to the browser. Opera Mini, offered free of charge, is designed primarily for mobile phones, Opera<br />Safari :<br />It’s a browser. It’s a platform. It’s an open invitation to innovate. Whether on a Mac, PC, IPhone, or iPod touch, Safari continuously redefines the browser, providing the most enjoyable way to experience the Internet. Safari<br />Google Chrome :<br />Searching is fast and easy with Google's web browser. Google Chrome is a browser that combines a minimal design with sophisticated technology to make the web faster, safer, and easier. Google Chrome<br />What is Mozilla? :<br />What is Mozilla? A global community of thousands who sincerely believe in the power of technology to enrich people’s lives. A public benefit organization dedicated to improving the way people everywhere experience the Internet. An open source software project whose code has been used as a platform for some of the Internet’s most innovative projects.<br />About Mozilla :<br />About Mozilla The Firefox browser is created by Mozilla, a non-profit organization whose mission is to promote openness, innovation and opportunity on the Web.<br />Mozilla Corporation CEO Mitchell Baker<br />History of the Mozilla :<br />History of the Mozilla Mozilla 1.0, the first major version, was released in 2002. On February 9, 2004, Mozilla Firebird became Mozilla Firefox. Firefox 1.0 was released on November 9 in 2004 and became a big success. Mozilla Firefox 1.5 was released on November 29, 2005. Mozilla Firefox 2 was released on October 24, 2006. Mozilla Firefox 3 was released on June 17, 2008. Mozilla Firefox 3.5 was released on June 30, 2009. Mozilla Firefox 3.6 was released on January 21, 2010. The Mozilla project was created in March 1998 with the release of the Netscape browser suite source code.<br />Latest Firefox features :<br />Latest Firefox features Latest Firefox features include :- tabbed browsing spell checking incremental find live bookmarking download manager private browsing location-aware browsing based on a Google service. an integrated search system that uses Google by default in most localizations.<br />Functions can be added through extensions, created by third-party developers (a feature that has attracted many Firefox's users). Firefox provides an environment for web developers in which they can use built-in tools, such as the Error Console or the DOM Inspector, or extensions, such as Firebug.<br />Firefox runs on various operating systems including Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, and many other platforms.<br />Why Mozilla Firefox? :<br />Why Mozilla Firefox? Security & Privacy High Performance Greater Personalization Higher Productivity The Cutting Edge Universal Access<br />Security & Privacy :<br />Security & Privacy Firefox protects you from viruses, worms, trojan horses and spyware delivered over the Web.<br />High Performance :<br />High Performance Firefox now includes the TraceMonkey JavaScript engine, which gives the browser dramatically better performance than ever before. Fast 3,198 ms Fastest 995 ms! Faster 1,188 ms<br />Greater Personalization :<br />Greater Personalization Customize With Add-Ons 6,000 Ways to Customize Different sizes, shapes and styles for your browser’s navigation buttons Add Style With Personas Easy-to-install themes that help you personalize the look of your Firefox.<br />Higher Productivity :<br />Higher Productivity Auto complete function matches sites from: Your browsing history Sites you’ve bookmarked Tagged in a drop down<br />Universal Access :<br />Universal Access A Firefox that SPEAKS YOUR LANGUAGE Persian Japanese Gujarati German French English Bengali Assamese Arabic Afrikaans<br />Firefox for Mobile Bring Your Web With You :<br />Firefox for Mobile Bring Your Web With You Firefox for mobile, is a web browser for smaller non-PC devices, mobile phones and PDAs, the user interface is completely redesigned and optimized for small screens. It was released for the Nokia Maemo operating system (specifically the Nokia N900 and N810) on January 28, 2010. Firefox 4 Beta 2 for Android is also released on 4th November 2010.<br />Stay Connected :<br />Stay Connected Firefox is on your favorite social media sites. Connect with them and join the conversation!<br />Our New Offering :<br />Our New Offering Install the Beta Give the Feedback Spread the Word<br />Mozilla Blog :<br />Mozilla Blog News, notes and ramblings from the Mozilla project. http://blog.mozilla.com/<br />Mozilla Newsletter :<br />Mozilla Newsletter Monthly updates Mozilla news Latest tips and tricks for best usage A perfect way to keep in touch! http://www.mozilla.org/<br />Slide 20:<br />Building a Better Internet<br />Slide 23:<br />Mobile Browsers A mobile browser, also called a micro browser, minibrowser or wireless internet browser(WIB), is a web browser designed for use on a mobile device such as a mobile phone or PDA. Opera Mini, offered free of charge, is designed primarily for mobile phones, but also for smartphones and personal digital assistants. It uses the Java ME platform and consequently requires that the mobile device be capable of running Java ME applications.<br />Plug-ins & Extensions :<br />Plug-ins & Extensions Plug-in(also called add in or add-on) is a set of software components that adds specific capabilities to a larger software application Web Browsers typically use plug-ins to expand the range of formats they can display (E.g. acrobat documents, adobe flash content) It enable 3rd party developers to create capabilities to extend an application It reduce the size of applications & separate source code from an application bcoz of incompatible software licenses Extensions differ slightly from plug-ins<br />Slide 25:<br />The same distinction between plug-ins and extensions is in use by other web browsers, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, where a typical extension might be a new toolbar, and a plug-in might embed a video player on the page. Since plug-ins and extensions both increase the utility of the original application, Mozilla uses the term quot;
add-onquot;
as an inclusive category of augmentation modules that consists of plug-ins, themes, and search engines. A helper application is an external viewer program launched to display content retrieved using a web browser. Some common examples include Windows Media Player and QuickTime Player for playing streaming content.<br />Slide 26:<br />Privacy Security & Threats Targeted attacks on Web applications and Web browsers are increasingly becoming the focal point for cyber criminals. Most browsers support HTTP Secure and offer quick and easy ways to delete the web cache, cookies, and browsing history. Traditional attack activity : motivated by curiosity and a desire to show off technical virtuosity Current threats are motivated by profit: identity theft, extortion, and fraud, for financial gain.<br />Slide 27:<br />Vulnerability Comparison<br />Slide 28:<br />ActiveX Controls Java applets (bypassing of sandbox’s restrictions) Cross-Site Scripting (mainly faults of web sites) Cross-Zone and Cross-Domain Vulnerabilities Prevention of a web site from accessing data in a different domain (or zone) is broken Malicious Scripting, Active Content, and HTML SpoofingAs it relates to web browsers, spoofing is a term used to describe methods of faking various parts of the browser user interface THREATS<br />Slide 29:<br />ANY QUERIES?<br />