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Respiratory Infections
Respiratory tract defences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Upper respiratory tract infections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Laryngitis  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Acute epiglottitis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Pneumonia  ,[object Object]
Pneumonia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classification of Pneumonia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pathological description of pneumonia
Organisms  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lobar Pneumonia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical Setting ,[object Object],[object Object]
Pathology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Macroscopic pathology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lobar pneumonia (upper lobe – grey hepatisation), terminal meningitis
Pneumonia – fibrinopurulent exudate in alveoli (grossly “red hepatisation”)
Pneumonia – neutrophil and macrophage exudate (grossly “grey hepatisation”)
Complications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pneumonia – fibrous organisation
Bronchopneumonia ,[object Object],[object Object]
Bronchopneumonia
Bronchopneumonia  ,[object Object]
Clinical Context ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms ,[object Object],[object Object]
Complications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Viral pneumonia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The immunocompromised host ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Immunosuppressed patient – fatal haemorrhage into Aspergillus-containing cavity
HIV-positive patient CMV (cytomegalovirus) and “pulmonary oedema”  on transbronchial biopsy….
Special stain also shows  Pneumocystis
Tuberculosis  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tuberculosis  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tuberculosis (pathogenesis of clinical disease) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mycobacterial virulence ,[object Object],[object Object]
Organisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Immunity and Hypersensitivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pathology of Tuberculosis (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pathology of Tuberculosis (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tissue changes in TB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Primary and secondary TB ,[object Object],[object Object]
Primary TB – Ghon Focus
Secondary TB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis
Acid fast stain – spot the organism (a red snapper)!
Complications  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The host-organism balance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary TB – rapid death due to miliary disease
Miliary white foci – blood spread to lower lobe
“ Galloping consumption” – TB bronchopneumonia
Decreased immunity – many more organisms on acid fast stain
Why does disease reactivate? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lung Abscess ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lung abscess ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bronchiectasis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bronchiectasis (2) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Complications of bronchiectasis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bronchiectasis with chronic suppuration
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis distal to an obstructing tumour

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2.respiratory infections