Description on tag clouds, types of tag clouds, and computation of font-size in tag clouds.

1. DATA MINING
AND
WAREHOUSING

2. VISUALIZATION METHODS
VISUALIZING COMPLEX DATA AND
RELATIONS
PRESENTED BY:
REEMA QAISER KHAN

3. VISUALIZING COMPLEX
DATA AND RELATIONS
• In early days, visualization techniques were
mainly for numeric data.
• Recently, more and more non-numeric data,
such as text and social networks, have become
available.
• Visualizing and analyzing such data attracts a
lot of interest.

4. TAG CLOUD
• For example, many people on the web tag
various objects such as pictures, blog entries,
and product reviews.
• A tag cloud is a stylized way of visually
representing occurrences of words used to
describe tags.
• The most popular topics are normally
highlighted in a larger, bolder font.
• The first use of tag clouds on a website was on
Flickr, created by Stewart Butterfield.

5. TYPES OF TAG CLOUD
There are many ways of implementation tag
clouds. Some of them are more popular than
the other ones. Basically we can divided tag
clouds into 4 categories:
1-Colourful
2-Font-size
3-Sorted
4-Unsorted

6. COLOURFUL TAG CLOUDS
• The weight of the tags determined by the
colour it has.
• It is strictly recommended to use only 2-3
colours in tag cloud, because if the more
colours are used in cloud, cloud become more
irritating and useless.
• The idea is that the more contrast exists
between the colour of the tag and the
background, the more powerful tag is.
• Weak- not often used tags have colours more
similar to the background colour.

7. COLOURFUL TAG CLOUDS
Some examples of colourful tag clouds.

8. FONT-SIZE TAG CLOUDS
• In these type of clouds the most important or
frequent words are highlighted by an
appropriate font-size.
• It means that more powerful tag is bigger.

9. An example of Font-size tag cloud.
This image shows the "All time most popular tags"
from Flickr Photo Sharing

10. COMPUTATION OF FONT-
SIZE IN TAG CLOUD
Each tag represents your customers favorite
holiday. How can you present the tags as a cloud
tag being the valentines day as the biggest (with
50px font-size) and the liberation day as the
smallest (with 12px font-size)?

11. • We will use the following variables, namely:
a = the smallest count (or occurrence).
b = the count of the tag being computed.
c = the largest count.
w = the smallest font-size.
x = the font-size for the tag. It is the unknown.
y = the largest font-size.
• Now let's substitute the given values to their respective
variables. Assuming that we are solving for the
"thanksgiving" font-size.
a = 88
b = 168
c = 211
w = 12
x=?
y = 50

12. • And here's the formula:
x = (b-a) (y-w)
----------- + w
(c-a)
x = ( ((168-88) * (50-12)) / (211-88) ) + 12
x = 36.715446
x = 37
• The thanksgiving tag should have 37px font-size in the tag
cloud.
birthday = 29px
christmas = 18px
valentines = 50px
thanksgiving = 37px
liberation = 12px
haloween = 20px
new year = 28px

14. SORTED TAG CLOUDS AND
UNSORTED TAG CLOUDS
• In sorted tag clouds, the clouds can be sorted
according to alphabet, frequency or similarity.
• In unsorted tag clouds, the clouds may not be
sorted in some order, they may be in a clustered
form.

15. TAG INDEX
• In some cases tag clouds might be not the best
solution for precise content presentation.
• For instance, if visitors are looking for some
specific topic they would prefer a search engine
rather than “weighting” proportions of the tags.

16. TAG INDEX
An example of Tag Index

17. THANKYOU