Classification of fruits

Language III, Fruits

FRUITS
In botany, a fruit is a part of a flowering plant that derives from specific tissues of
the flower, one or more ovaries, and in some cases accessory tissues. Fruits are the means
by which these plants disseminate seeds.
There are seven types of fruits:
Squashes
Pome
Berries
Stone
Tropical
Dry
Citrus

SQUASHES
Squashes generally refer to four species of the genus Cucurbita, some varieties of which
are also called marrows (mainly in English).
These species include C. maxima (hubbard squash, buttercup squash, some varieties of
prize pumpkins, such as Big Max), C. mixta (cushaw squash),C. moschata (butternut
squash), and C. pepo (most pumpkins, acorn squash, summer squash, courgette). In North
America, squash is loosely grouped into summer squash or winter squash, depending on
whether they are harvested as immature fruit (summer squash) or mature fruit (autumn
squash or winter squash).
C. MAXIMA
Hubbard squash

Buttercup squash

Melina Cerilo, Natalia Machuca Zárate & Lucía Martinez1

Prize pumpkin

C. MIXTA
Cushaw squash

C. MOSCHATA
Butternut squash

C. PEPO
Pumpkins


Acorn squash

Courgette

Summer squash

Winter squash

Gourds



POME
It is a type of
family Rosaceae.

fruit

produced

byflowering

plants in

the

subtribe Malinae of

the

A pome is an accessory fruit composed of one or more carpels surrounded by accessory
tissue. The accessory tissue is interpreted by some specialists as "fruit cortex".
The carpels of a pome are fused within the "core".Although the exocarp, mesocarp,
andendocarp of some other fruit types look very much like the skin, flesh, and core
respectively of a pome, they are parts of the carpel. The exocarp and mesocarp of a pome
may be fleshy and difficult to distinguish from one another and from the hypanthial tissue.
The endocarp forms a leathery or stony case around the seed, and corresponds to what is
commonly called the core. The shriveled remains of the sepals, style and stamens can
sometimes be seen at the end of a pome opposite the stem, and the ovary is therefore
often described as inferior in these flowers.
The origin of pome came from the Middle English, fruit, from Anglo-French pume, pomme
apple, fruit, ultimately from Late Latin pomum.
Apple

Cotoneaster

Hawthorn


Loquat

Medlar

Pear

Pyracantha

Toyon

Quince


Rowan

Whitebeam

BERRIES
The
botanical
definition
of
a berry is
a
fleshy fruit produced
from
a
single ovary. Grapes are an example. The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in
which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp. They may have one or more
carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors. The seeds are usually embedded in the
flesh of the ovary (there are some non-fleshy exceptions, such as peppers). A plant that
bears berries is said to be bacciferous or baccate (a fruit that resembles a berry, whether it
actually is a berry or not, can also be called "baccate").
In everyday English, "berry" is a term for any small edible fruit. These "berries" are usually
juicy, round or semi-oblong, brightly coloured, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or
pit, although many seeds may be present.
Avocado or alligator pear refers to the fruit, botanically a large berry that contains
a single seed.

Blueberries are perennial flowering
plants with
indigo-colored
the section Cyanococcus within
the genus Vaccinium (a
genus
includes cranberries and bilberries).

berries
in
that
also


Coffea is a genus of flowering plants whose seeds, called coffee beans, are used to
make coffee.

Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf
the subgenus Oxycoccus of the genus Vaccinium.

shrubs or

trailing

vines

in

Empetrumnigrum, crowberry or black
crowberry,
is
a
species
of Empetrum which is native to most northern areas of the northern hemisphere.

A grape is a fruiting berry of the deciduous woody vines of the botanical genus Vitis.
Grapes
can
be
eaten
raw
or
they
can
be
used
for
making wine,jam, juice, jelly, grape seed extract, raisins, vinegar, and grape seed
oil. Grapes are a non-climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters.

Persimon


The
genus Ribes includes
the
edible
currants
(blackcurrant, redcurrant, whitecurrant), gooseberry, and several hybrid varieties. It
should not be confused with the dried currant used in cakes and puddings, which is a
species
of grape.

Mahoniaaquifolium (Oregon-grape or Oregon grape) is a species of flowering
plant in
the family Berberidaceae, native to
western
North
America.

Arbutus
unedo (strawberry
tree,
occasionally cane
apple)
is
an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to theMediterranean
region and western Europe north to western France and Ireland. Due to its presence
in South West Ireland, it is known as either "Irish strawberry tree" or
"Killarney strawberry tree".

A tomato is the edible, often red fruit from the the plant Solanumlycopersicum,
commonly known as a tomato plant. Both the species and its use as a food
originated in Mexico, and spread around the world following the Spanish colonization
of the Americas. Its many varieties are now widely grown, sometimes
in greenhouses in cooler climates.


Watermelon (Citrulluslanatus (Thunb.), family Cucurbitaceae) is a vine-like
(scrambler and trailer) flowering plant originally from southern Africa. Its fruit, which
is also called watermelon, is a special kind referred to by botanists as a pepo, a
berry which has a thick rind (exocarp) and fleshy center (mesocarp and endocarp).
Pepos are derived from an inferior ovary, and are characteristic of the
Cucurbitaceae. The watermelon fruit, loosely considered a type of melon – although
not in the genus Cucumis – has a smooth exterior rind (green, yellow and sometimes
white) and a juicy, sweet interior flesh (usually deep red to pink, but sometimes
orange, yellow and even green if not ripe).

STONES
Stone fruits (or stonefruits or stonefruit), in botany, refers to drupe, fruits in which an
outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a shell
(the pit or stone) of hardenedendocarp with a seed inside. These fruits develop from a
single carpel, most often from flowers with superior ovaries. The definitive characteristic of
a drupe is that the hard, lignified stone (or pit) is derived from the ovary wall of the flower.
More specifically, "stone fruit" refers to members of the genus Prunus, which
includes plums, cherries, peaches, apricots and almonds. It is traditionally placed within
the rose family Rosaceaeas
a subfamily,
the Prunoideae (or Amygdaloideae),
but
sometimes placed in its own family, the Prunaceae (or Amygdalaceae).
Peaches, nectarines, plums, apricots, and cherries are all members of the Prunus
genus and are therefore closely related. They commonly are referred to as "stone fruits"
because the seed is very large and hard. Although stone fruit crops can provide delicious
fruit from June through September, most stone fruits are native to warmer climates of the
world and therefore are very susceptible to injury from low winter temperatures. In
addition, because they bloom early in the spring, the flowers frequently suffer damage
from spring frosts. Because of this, the backyard culture of stone fruits is more difficult
than that of apples or pears.


A plum is a drupe fruit of the subgenus Prunus of the genus Prunus. The subgenus
is distinguished from other subgenera (peaches,cherries, bird cherries, etc.) in
the shoots having a terminal bud and solitary side buds (not clustered),
the flowers in groups of one to five together on short stems, and the fruit having a
groove running down one side and a smooth stone (or pit). Mature plum fruit may
have a dusty-white coating that gives them a glaucous appearance. This is
an epicuticular wax coating and is known as "wax bloom". Dried plum fruits are
called dried plums or prunes, although prunes are a distinct type of plum, and
may have antedated the fruits now commonly known as plums.

The cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a
fleshy drupe (stone fruit). The cherry fruits of commerce are usually obtained from a
limited
number
of
species,
including
especially cultivars of
the
sweet
cherry, Prunusavium. The name 'cherry' also refers to the cherry tree, and is
sometimes applied to almonds and visually similar flowering trees in the
genus Prunus, as in "ornamental cherry", "cherry blossom", etc. Wild cherry may
refer to any of the cherry species growing outside of cultivation,
although Prunusavium is often referred to specifically by the name "wild cherry" in
the
British
Isles.

The peach, Prunuspersica, is a deciduous tree, native to China and South Asia,
where it was first cultivated. It bears an edible juicy fruit also called apeach. The
species name persica refers to its widespread cultivation in Persia, whence it was
transplanted to Europe. It belongs to the genus Prunuswhich includes
the cherry and plum, in the family Rosaceae. The peach is classified with
the almond in the subgenus Amygdalus, distinguished from the other subgenera by
the
corrugated
seed
shell.


The apricot, Prunusarmeniaca, is a species of Prunus, classified with the plum in
the subgenus Prunus. The native range is somewhat uncertain due to its extensive
prehistoric
cultivation.

The almond (Prunusamygdalus, syn. Prunusdulcis, Amygdaluscommunis, Amygda
lusdulcis), is a species of tree native to the Middle East and South Asia. "Almond" is
also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree. Within the
genus Prunus, it is classified with the peach in the subgenus Amygdalus,
distinguished from the other subgenera by the corrugated shell (endocarp)
surrounding the seed. The fruit of the almond is a drupe, consisting of an outer hull
and a hard shell with the seed (which is not a true nut) inside. Shelling almonds
refers to removing the shell to reveal the seed. Almonds are sold shelled (i.e., after
the
shells
are
removed),
or unshelled (i.e.,
with
the
shells
still
attached).Blanched almonds are shelled almonds that have been treated with hot
water to soften the seedcoat, which is then removed to reveal the whiteembryo.

TROPICAL

Tropical fruits are cultivated mostly in countries with warm climates. The only character that
they share in common is frost intolerance. Tropical zones on earth are areas where the sun is
at head top once a year and only have two seasons namely wet and dry.

Avocado
: Avocadoes have a leather-like appearance with a smooth,
creamy, greenish-yellow flesh. Avocados vary in weight from 8 ounces to 3 pounds
depending upon the variety. They are known to originate from Mexico.
Avocados are rich in potassium and consist of nutrients such as dietary fiber,
vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, potassium, magnesium and folate. This fruit is an
outstanding source of monounsaturated fat.



Sapodilla
: The sapodilla Fruit is a chewing gum component and also the
source of chicle. Fruit may be round to oval-shaped or conical, and 2 to 4 inches in
diameter. Small brown downy fruit with orange flesh which has a caramel. The plant
was used as the base for chewing gum from Sapodilla. The flesh with soft brown of
the sapodilla tastes a bit like a sweet mix of brown sugar and root beer.

Acai
: Is a small, round, blackish purple fruit, looks alike in appearance
but smaller than a grape with lesser pulp and a single big seed at the center. They
are known to originate from Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Has an amazing antioxidant
quality. It is very rich in antioxidants such as Vitamin C and polyphenols. Acai also
haves an ample amount of iron, calcium and vitamin A with amino acid. Fatty
acid helps in the movement and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E and K.
Acai has high caloric values and fats when compared with other berries and fruits.

Banana
: Bananas have their origin in tropical South-East Asia but are now
found in almost all tropical regions of the world. Important banana producing
countries include India, Philippines, China, Ecuador, Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, Costa
Rica, Columbia and Thailand.

Giant Granadilla
: Giant granadilla fruit appears to be in round or ovoid
shape. The fruit has a tough peel with a waxy nature; the peel ranges in shade from
dark purple to light yellow or pumpkin color. They are known to originate from
Tropical America. Is a good source of Vitamin A, protein and carbohydrates. Other
than the contents given in the table the fruit also consists of Calories 228, Protein
5.2g, Carbohydrates 55g, Fat 1.6g, Dietary fibre 24.5g per 100 g of Giant Granadilla.



Breadfruit
: Breadfruit looks green in color, when matured little sap will
be leaked out which makes the fruit to appear more yellow in color when ripe. The
fruit has a starchy texture and fragrance that tends to remain about the fresh baked
bread. The nutritious fruit and the seeds are edible. A fully ripe breadfruit is usually
soft and fragrant and its flesh is creamy yellow like coloured and pasty with irregular
oval seeds. In the centre of this seedless fruit, there found a cylindrical core, in some
species which is fully covered with hairs and small seeds. The breadfruit's flesh will
be sweet and the fruit haves a nice fragrant smell. They are known to originate from
Mexico. Breadfruit is low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium and very high in
Vitamin C, Dietary Fiber and Potassium. The nutritional value of breadfruit helps you
to maintain optimum health. Breadfruit has been considered as a nutritionally
beneficial fruit. A large amount of nutrients and useful calories can be obtained by
eating breadfruit. Other than the contents given in the table, the fruit also consists
of 70.9 g of water content and 1.2 g of Protein content in it.

Bilimbi
: The fruit is very crunchy when unripe and it turns from brightgreen to yellowish-green, when it is ripe. Once it got ripe it falls on the ground. The
outer skin is shiny, very thin and gentle, and the flesh will be greenish-white in color
which will be very juicy and extremely sour. It has a few flattened seeds which is
brown in color.

Burmese Grapes
: Burmese grape is an egg-shaped, yellowish colored,
pinkish to bright red or purple fruit. This is a small and a juicy fruit with good taste.
The fruit grows up to 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter with white aril. The fruit consists of 2-4
large purple-red seed. This is a small and a juicy fruit with good flavor. It is found
throughout Asia, most commonly cultivated in India and Malaysia.

Calabashtree
: Calabash Tree is a small evergreen tropical tree which can
grow up to a height of 25 feet and produce fruits up to 25 cm in diameter. It has
simple leaves and the bark of the tree is rough. The fruit is large, hard and green in


color and takes about six months to ripen. They cannot be eaten but can be used for
various ornamental purposes. The fruits are pollinated by bats and they develop
from the trunk of the tree. The seeds of the fruit are flat, small and are embedded in
the pulp. It belongs to the family of Bignoniaceae (Bignonia family) and also it is
known to originate from Central America.

CanistelFruit
: The fruit has a color of orange to yellow thin skin, and the
flesh is dry like a boiled egg yolk. They are usually eaten fresh, used for cooking,
pies, and they have a excellent taste in ice cream. In milk shakes they taste like
eggnog. They are very related in taste to the Lucuma from Andean countries. It has
a sweet taste and is a raw edible fruit to eat. The outside of the fruit having a
different taste when compare to inside the seed film.

Cape Gooseberry
: Cape Gooseberry is a berry which looks like a marble
with a small round shape. The fruit consists of numerous small yellow seeds. The
fruit looks orange or yellowish in color and becomes bright yellow and sweet when
ripe. The fruit is covered by wrinkled leaves, which form a Chinese lantern. They are
known to originate from Brazil.

Cempedak
: Cempedak is a sausage-shaped fruit, smaller in size when
compared to that of a jack fruit. It has a green color and turns slightly yellowish as it
ripes. The fruit contains a bright yellow pulp covering the large brown seeds. The
surface of the Cempedak flesh is very soft, sweet which haves a strong aroma.

Cacao
: Cacao fruit grows up to 5-11 inches in length and 2-3 inches in
diameter. The fruit haves a hard shell which will be very smooth, elongated or
rounded. The fruit is obtained in red, yellow and orange color. This encloses around


20-50 seeds which are surrounded by a cream colored aromatic pulp. The pulp haves
a sweet-sour taste.

Ceylon Gooseberry
: Its tree is small shrubby and spiny which is about
6m tall. The fruit is orange initially but turns to dark purple color when it ripens. It is
2-3 cm in diameter and is surrounded with short, grayish green, velvety hairs. Pulp
of the fruit is purple-red in color. The seeds are long and hairy. It is believed to be a
native of Srilanka and India. The fruit is also cultivated in South Africa.

Cupuacu
: Cupuacu fruit is oblong, fluffy and brown in color which is
about 8 inches long and weighs between 1 to 2 kg. It is covered with a hard exocarp
which is 4 to 7 mm thick. The pulp of the fruit is very fragrant and smells like
banana. It belongs to the family of Sterculiaceae which grows wild in the Amazon
rainforest and known to be cultivated in the jungles of Colombia and Peru.

Damson
: The fruit is identified by its oval shape and it has a yellow flesh
with its skin looks in blue or indigo. Some fruits have purple or red skin. The fruit
has a sour or sweet taste.

Custard Apple
: The fruit is generally looks like a round in shape, a little
pine cone-like 2.4-3.9 in diameter. There are variations in shape and size. The fleshy
fruit is very sweet to taste, white to light yellow, and resembles and tastes like
custard. The edible portion coats of the seeds of this fruit generously like a gooey
portion of a tomato seeds. Sugar-apple has a very discrete, sweet-smelling
fragrance. It is a little grainy, a bit oily, very sweet and very soft.



Golden Apple
: The fruit is just the same size as a plum and it grows in
clusters at the branch tips of June plum trees. It looks hard and green and turns into
yellow with a soft flesh and skin when it ripens. Its taste and smell are similar to that
of pineapple.

Lablab
: These are Domesticated types and are mostly summer growing
annuals or occasionally short-lived perennials. They are vigorously trailing, twining
herbaceous plant. Stems are robust and trailing to upright to 3-6 m in length and
leaves were trifoliate; leaflets broad ovate-rhomboid and are 7.5-15 cm long, thin,
acute at apex, almost smooth above and short haired underneath. Petioles were long
and slender. They are known to originate in Africa, India and Indonesia.

Elephant Apple
: The fruit is round to oval, 2 to 5 in (5-12.5 cm) wide,
with a hard, woody, grayish-white, scurfy rind about 1/4 in (6 mm) thick. The pulp is
brown, mealy, odorous, resinous, astringent, acid or sweetish, with numerous small,
white seeds scattered through it.

Guarana
: It is a mountaineering plant in the maple and Sapindaceae
family, that belongs to the native Amazon basin and especially in Brazil. Guarana is
an effective energy booster for all child and Adult person, it also contains about twice
the caffeine found in coffee beans. A teaspoon of powder is mixed on the cup of cold
water. As the powder become the reddish-brown solution is the time to drink in
every morning. The taste is extremely pleasant when mixed with sugar and in any
sugar substance, but quite bitter when consumed alone. It shows an unique delicious
taste of the guarana fruit. In Brazil, Guarana fruit is seems second like a cola drinks.

Babaco
: Babaco is an attractive torpedo shaped fruit with an effervescent
flesh hence it is also called thechampagne fruit . When sliced crosswise, the facets of


this fruit gives a pentagonal outline which gives it the scientific name
of Caricapentagona. The texture of this golden fruit is very light and refreshing. The
babaco fruit is just like a papaw with a single, knobbly stem dividing into two or
more branches at the top. It bears a few large, sparse flowers and lobed leaves
which forms on the trunk and branches. The babaco is known to have originated in
the central south highlands of Ecuador.

Horned Melon
: Horned Melon is a member of the cucumber family with
different taste. Looks like an oval melon with horns and is very decorative fruit.
Picked green, the kiwano horned melon tastes like a mix of lemon and banana. The
spiky, orange colored shells of Kiwano Melons cover a soft, juicy bright green flesh.
Kiwano Melons are mild in flavor and similar in taste to juicy, seed-filled cucumbers.

Indian Gooseberry
: Indian gooseberry fruits are of small size and light
green in color. They have 6 vertical grooves on them. The taste of the fruit can be
described as strong, harsh, and rough. This fruit is round shaped with vertical stripes
and has a hard seed inside. The Indian gooseberry plant is native to India.

Indian Prune
: The size of the fruit ranges from 20 to 15 cm. Its tip is
blunt which may be sticky sometimes. Prunes are used for cooking both sweet and
savory dishes and also desserts. Prunes also contain dietary fiber (about 6%, or 0.06
g per gram of prune). Prunes and prune juice are common home remedies for
constipation.

Vainilla
: Thick, fleshy, shiny, dark brown pod. In addition to the content
given in the table below the fruit also contains 9 mg of Sodium, 148 mg of
Potassium, 288 kcal of energy, 12.65 g of Carbohydrates, 0.06 g of fats and protein.



Sweet Orange
: Depending on the variety, oranges will be yellow or
spotted with red in appearance. Its size varies from being as large as a football to as
small as a cherry. This fruit flavors ranges from sweet to intensely sour. They are
known to originate from Asia, through which they spread to India.

Papaya
: is called as Paw Paw, Papaw, Tree Melon normally greenish
yellow, yellow or orange color. This kind of fruits comes from tropical places with
higher humidity, native to Mexico, countries of Central America, Thailand, Africa and
Asia and growing well in Australia.Papayas are a large, pear-shaped which are all
high in vitamin A, C and folate.Due to the tropical appearance and abundant fruit of
papaya, it is considered as the demand to protect the landscape settings throughout
coastal and southern Texas. The latex is obtained by making a cut on the surface of
green fruits early morning and repeating four to five days until latex ceases to flow.
The latex contains two proteolytic enzymes, papain and chymo papain.

Abiu
: It’s a creamy sweet caramel/vanilla flavour.A real taste treat when
eaten slightly chilled. The skin can be hard to chew in texture, 3-5 mm thick and
produce a sticky latex. The translucent and white fleshy tissue inside has a caramel
flavour adjoining 1-5 seeds.

Red Mombin
: The fruit grows up to a length of 5cm in which its breadth
may vary from 2-3.5 cm. The fruit appears to be red when it is ripe. A single large
seed will be there in the center of the fruit. Red Mombin is native to tropical
America.

Rose Apple
: The rose apple tree may be merely a shrub but is generally
a tree reaching 25 or even 40 ft (7.5-12 m) in height, and has a dense crown of
slender, wide-spreading branches, often the overall width exceeding the height. The
flowers are creamy-white or greenish-white, 2 to 4 in (5-10 cm) wide, consisting
mostly of about 300 conspicuous stamens to 1 1/2 in (4 cm) long, a 4-lobed calyx,
and 4 greenish-white, concave petals. There are usually 4 or 5 flowers together in
terminal cluster. Thefruit is nearly round, oval, or slightly pear-shaped, 1 1/2 to 2 in
(4-5 cm) long, with smooth, thin, pale-yellow or whitish skin, sometimes pinkblushed, covering a crisp, mealy, dry to juicy layer of yellowish flesh, sweet and
resembling the scent of a rose in flavor. It is also cultivated and naturalized in many
parts of India, Ceylon, former Indochina and the Pacific Islands.



Strawberry Guava
: Strawberry Guava appears to be dark red in color
which tastes similar to strawberry. The pulp of the fruit will be juicy with a semitransparent texture. Strawberry Guava is native to coastal areas of Eastern Brazil.

Riberry
: Riberry is a pear shaped fruit with a light red color with a single
seed in the center. Riberry is native to Oceania or of Oceanian Origin.

Melon Pear
: he melon pear fruit is a small shrub that can be reaching 3
ft tall in height. It has been evergreen plants.Flowers of the melon pear fruits are
white and purple, and that are similar to other plants from the Solanacae family, like
the
potato
vegetable
flowers.
The melon pear, or pepino is another name, is a fruit with a variable in shape and
size. It is more or less rounded or rectangle, and can be up to about 6 in long. When
the fruit get ripe, the melon pear has a yellow-cream skin, with dark purple stripes.
The flesh is succulent and moderately sweet, and has the same texture as a melon
pear. Taste of fruit is quite similar to a cantaloupe. The fruit quality is changeable
and
that
are
depends
on
the
variety.
The flesh of Melon pear has a similar flavor, smell and texture to a melon, with a
slightly harsh after the taste. Flesh colors are pale pink, like many small melons
varieties.The flowers of the fruit are extremely similar in color and shape to that of a
potato structure of nature purple petals are with yellow centre. There are it seems
that two types of pepino some are shaped like a coveted, others are like a beefsteak
tomato.The melon pear not very frost hardy. However, it can be withstand that
negative temperatures are down to about 28°F in the room temperature. In colder
climates are, it can be grown in containers of the place.

DRY

Chestnut
: Richly flavored, starchy, chestnuts are popular cool season
edible nuts of the northern hemisphere. The nuts are native to hilly forest of China,
Japan, Europe, and North America. Chestnuts, unlike other nuts and seeds, are
relatively low in calories; contain less fat but are rich in minerals, vitamins and
phyto-nutrients that benefit health. They are a good source of dietary fiber;
provide 8.1 g (about 21% of RDI) per 100 g. Fiber diet helps lower blood cholesterol
levels by limiting excess cholesterol absorption in the intestines.



Almonds
: The fruit of the almond is a drupe, consisting of an outer hull
and a hard shell with the seed (which is not a true nut) inside. Shelling almonds
refers to removing the shell to reveal the seed. Almond nuts are rich in dietary fiber,
vitamins, and minerals and packed with numerous health promoting phytochemicals; the kind of well-balanced food ensuring protection against diseases and
cancers.

Cashews
: Cashew nuts are actually the kidney-shaped seeds that adhere
to the bottom of the cashew apple, the fruit of the cashew tree, which is native to
the coastal areas of northeastern Brazil. While cashew apples are not appreciated in
the United States, they are regarded as delicacies in Brazil and the Caribbean.
Cashews are always sold shelled because the interior of the shells contains a caustic
resin, known as cashew balm, which must be carefully removed before the nuts are
fit for consumption. This caustic resin is actually used in industry to make varnishes
and insecticides. The delicately flavored cashew nut is a favorite between meal snack
that can be readily found in your local market year round. It also makes wonderful
nut butter and a special addition to salads and stir-fry dishes.

Walnuts
: nut of any of various walnut trees having a wrinkled two-lobed
seed with a hard Shell.

Pistachio
or yellow kernel.

: The nutlike fruit of this tree, having an edible, oily, green

Peanuts
:
the pod or the enclosed edible seed of the plant, Arachis hypogaea, of the legume fa
mily: the pod isforced underground in growing, where it ripens.

Pecans
:
the smooth oblong thin-shelled nut of the pecan tree. Pecans are a good source of
protein and unsaturated fats. Like walnuts (which pecans resemble), pecans are rich
in omega-6 fatty acids, although pecans contain about half as much omega-6 as
walnuts.


A diet rich in seeds can lower the risk of gallstones in women. The antioxidants and
plant sterols found in pecans reduce high cholesterol by reducing the "bad" LDL
cholesterol levels.

Acorns
: The fruit of an oak, consisting of a single-seeded, thick-walled
nut set in a woody, cuplike base.

Red Nut
: a dry fruit that grows inside a hard shell on some types of tree
and bush. Manykinds of nut can be eaten.

CITRUS
Citrus fruits have much in common. All are acid and rich in vitamin C. This makes it a good
antioxidant and anti-toxins door. They add a little spark for most meals and keep bananas,
apples and other fruit go brown when cut.
Grapefruit: Spicy Grapefruit is a citrus fruit is often eaten at breakfast, of course. The
flesh is white to red depending on variety. The red varieties are sweeter than the
white variety. Grapefruit can be used in any other citrus fruit used to be the judge.

Kumquats:The edible fruit closely resembles that of the orange (Citrus sinensis), but
it is much smaller and ovular, being approximately the size and shape of a large
olive. The fruit of these plants, having an acid pulp and a thin, edible rind. It is the
smallest of the citrus fruits. Kumquat is a small citrus fruit with edible skin. They are
generally eaten whole in salads and side dishes. It is also used in jams and jellies.


Lemon: Lemon is one of the most popular items in the list of citrus. This is a small
oval fruit with a slightly spicy flavor. Ok beverages, meats, baked goods, and is
essential for the fish. Meyer lemons are less acidic become very popular in recent
years.

Lime: Limes are often used in Mexican cuisine and South America for its unique
taste. Key Lime Lemon is a very small selection, which grows in the Florida Keys. E
"is only for a short period each year. Even if the lemon juice instead of lime will be
different than most of the finished product.

Minneola: The Minneola is a cross between a grapefruit and tangerine.

Oranges: Orange is one of the most popular of all citrus. Sweet and sour orange is a
great snack or an ingredient at any time. Orange and orange when it's cold. In warm
climates, green, yellow to orange. Oranges are a type of blood orange, which is
purple. They are sweet and a little more acidic than other oranges. Blood Oranges in
the U.S. are grown in Texas and California.


Tangerine: The tangerine is a relative of sweet oranges. Clementine, particularly
prized for its sweet flesh and intense flavor of tangerine. Tangerines are very easy to
peel and can be used where there is a sweet, fresh citrus fruit on each plate.

IDIOMS WITH FRUITS
To compare “apples and oranges” is to uselessly compare unlike things.
The “apple of (one’s) eye” is a favorite or well-like person.
To say that “the apple never falls far from the tree” is to suggest that a person’s
personality traits are close to those of the person’s parents.
“As American as apple pie” means that something is quintessentially representative
of American culture or values.
“(As) sure as God made little green apples” suggests certainty.
To be a “bad apple” or a “rotten apple” is to be a bad person. Meanwhile, to say that
“one bad (or rotten) apple spoils the whole bunch (or barrel)” implies that one
flawed element or person can undermine an effort or a group, and to be “rotten to
the core” is to be thoroughly bad or worthless.
“How do you like them apples?” (or “How about them apples?”) is a neutral or
taunting comment, depending on the context, that refers to an undesirable state or
situation.
To “polish (one’s) apple” is to flatter someone; a flatterer is an “apple polisher.”
To “upset the apple cart” is to ruin plans.
A “banana republic” is a weak or corrupt country.
A “second banana” is a subordinate, and the “top banana” is the leader.
To “go bananas” is to become excited or crazed, and “to drive (someone) bananas”
is to annoy or irritate someone.
Something in “cherry condition” is excellently maintained or restored.
To “cherry-pick” is to select carefully.
“Life is a bowl of cherries” means that life is easy.
To “not give a fig” is to be unconcerned.
A “lemon” is a flawed or worthless item; the idiom often refers to a vehicle.
“Melon” is sometimes used as slang for head or, vulgarly, for large breasts.
To say that someone or something is a “peach” means that they are beautiful,
excellent, or sweet.
When everything is “peaches and cream,” life is going well.
A “plum” assignment or job is a highly coveted one.
One is said to have “sour grapes” when one belittles something one covets but
cannot obtain.


Classification of fruits

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